NASA发现远对狮子座邻近星系拥有两个巨大黑洞 图文并茂

机械翻译

Nearby Galaxy Boasts Two Monster Black Holes, Both Active邻近星系拥有两个怪物黑洞，既活跃

A study using NASA's Swift satellite and the Chandra X-ray Observatory has found a second supersized black hole at the heart of an unusual nearby galaxy already known to be sporting one.一项研究利用美国宇航局的SWIFT卫星和钱德拉X射线天文台发现在附近的一个不寻常的运动已经知道是一个星系的核心第二个超大型黑洞。

The galaxy, which is known as Markarian 739 or NGC 3758, lies 425 million light-years away toward the constellation Leo.该星系，这是作为739或NGC 3758马尔卡良称，位于4.25亿光年远对狮子座。

天文学家指参展，如活动星系核（AGN的）强发射星系中心。 Yet as common as monster black holes are, only about one percent of them are currently powerful AGN.然而，作为普通的怪物黑洞，其中大约只有百分之目前强大的活动星系核。

Binary AGN are rarer still: Markarian 739 is only the second identified within half a billion light-years.活动星系核是罕见的还是二进制：马卡林739只在半个亿光年确定的第二位。，许多科学家认为，星系碰撞的破坏性事件，如触发活动星系核孔转由发送量对黑大气田。

 As the gas spirals inward, it becomes extremely hot and radiates huge amounts of energy.当气体螺旋向内，它变得非常热，辐射巨大的能量。

Since 2004, the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) aboard Swift has been mapping high-energy X-ray sources all around the sky.自2004年以来，突发警示望远镜（BAT）的映射乘坐斯威夫特已经在空中的高能量X射线源的。

The survey is sensitive to AGN up to 650 million light-years away and has uncovered dozens of previously unrecognized systems.这项调查是敏感的活动星系核高达650亿光年远，并发现了先前未知的系统几十人。

Follow-up studies by Koss and colleagues published in 2010 reveal that about a quarter of the Swift BAT AGN were either interacting or in close pairs, with perhaps 60 percent of them poised to merge in another billion years.后续科斯在2010年出版的同事的研究表明，大约有四分之一的斯威夫特要么英美烟草活动星系核的密切相互作用或与可能对其中60有望合并百分之另外10亿年。

"If two galaxies collide and each possesses a supermassive black hole, there should be times when both black holes switch on as AGN," said coauthor Richard Mushotzky, professor of astronomy at UMCP. “如果两个星系碰撞和每个人都拥有一个超大质量的黑洞，应当有两个黑洞的时候，作为活动星系核转，说：”作者之一理查德Mushotzky，天文学教授UMCP。

 "We weren't seeing many double AGN, so we turned to Chandra for help." “我们没有看到很多双活动星系核，所以我们求助于钱德拉”。

Swift's BAT instrument is scanning one-tenth of the sky at any given moment, its X-ray survey growing more sensitive every year as its exposure increases.斯威夫特的英美烟草公司正在扫描仪在任何特定的时刻之一的天空十分之一，其X射线巡天变得越来越敏感，其风险逐年增加。

 Where Swift's BAT provided a wide-angle view, the X-ray telescope aboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory acted like a zoom lens and resolved details a hundred times smaller.凡Swift的英美烟草公司提供了一个广角认为，船上钱德拉X射线天文台像变焦镜头和解决详细百倍小担任X射线望远镜。

For decades, astronomers have known that the eastern nucleus of Markarian 739 contains a black hole that is actively accreting matter and generating prodigious energy.几十年来，天文学家已经知道了马尔卡良东部的原子核包含739黑洞是积极的，共生的物质和产生巨大的能量。

The Chandra study shows that its western neighbor is too.钱德拉的研究表明，其西部邻国太。 This makes the galaxy one of the nearest and clearest cases of a binary AGN.这使得一个二进制活动星系核和最明确的案件最近的星系之一。

The distance separating the two black holes is about a third of the distance separating the solar system from the center of our own galaxy.两个点之间的距离大约是一黑洞的分离，从我们自己的太阳系距离银河系中心的三分之一。

The dual AGN of Markarian 739 is the second-closest known, both in terms of distance from one another and distance from Earth.马尔卡良双739的活动星系核是第二已知的最近，无论是在彼此的距离上，从地球的距离。

However, another galaxy known as NGC 6240 holds both records.然而，另一个称为NGC 6240星系称为拥有两个记录。

How did the second AGN remain hidden for so long?第二个活动星系核是如何保持隐藏了这么久？

"Markarian 739 West shows no evidence of being an AGN in visible, ultraviolet and radio observations," said coauthor Sylvain Veilleux, a professor of astronomy at UMCP. “马卡良739西没有显示出作为一个在可见光，紫外线和射电观测活动星系核的证据，说：”西尔Veilleux合作者，一个在UMCP天文学教授。

"This highlights the critical importance of high-resolution observations at high X-ray energies in locating binary AGN." “这显示在二进制活动星系核的定位在高X射线能量高清晰度观测至关重要。”

The research team also includes Ezequiel Treister and David Sanders at the University of Hawaii's Institute for Astronomy in Honolulu, Kevin Schawinski at Yale University in New Haven, Conn., and Ranjan Vasudevan, Neal Miller and Margaret Trippe at the University of Maryland, College Park.该研究小组还包括在夏威夷大学天文学研究所的檀香山，凯文Schawinski在纽黑文，康涅狄格州和Ranjan瓦苏德万，米勒和玛格丽特尼尔特里普在马里兰大学帕克学院，耶鲁大学Ezequiel Treister和大卫桑德斯。

Swift, launched in November 2004, is managed by Goddard.斯威夫特在2004年11月推出，是管理的戈达德。

It was built and is being operated in collaboration with Penn State University, the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, and General Dynamics in Falls Church, Va.; the University of Leicester and Mullard Space Sciences Laboratory in the United Kingdom; Brera Observatory and the Italian Space Agency in Italy; plus additional partners in Germany and Japan.它建成并正在与宾州州立大学，洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室在新墨西哥州，并在瀑布教堂，通用动力公司合作经营的弗吉尼亚州，英国莱斯特大学和马拉德空间科学实验室的英国;布雷拉天文台和意大利航天局在意大利，在德国和日本以及其他合作伙伴。

The Marshall Space Flight Center manages the Chandra program for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington.马歇尔航天飞行中心负责管理美国航空航天局的科学任务理事会在华盛顿钱德拉方案。

The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory controls Chandra's science and flight operations from Cambridge, Mass.史密森天体物理天文台控制钱德拉的科学从剑桥，马萨诸塞州和飞行运行。

The two supermassive black holes are separated by about 11,000 light-years这两个超大质量黑洞相距约11000光年

The galaxy is 425 million light-years away. Credit: SDSS该星系是425亿光年远：。信用 SDSS的

The object is really a pair of merging galaxies该对象是一个真正的星系合并。

Data from Swift and Chandra reveal the western core (right) to be a previously unknown AGN; past studies already had identified an AGN in the eastern core. 钱德拉的数据，揭示了西方斯威夫特核心（右）是一个前所未知的活动星系核，过去的研究已经确定了一个核心的活动星系核在东。

资料来源：NASA