Niels Bohr   尼尔斯·玻尔

3. The Youngest Nobel Prize Winner

博主改写英语原文并翻译成汉语，对照发帖于此，供网友参考。

Bohr used this atomic model and the  quantum theory to explain the production of light. He could even predict the color and kind of light that would be produced by different materials. 玻尔使用这个原子模型和量子理论来解释光的产生。他甚至能预言：不同物质将产生的光的颜色和类别。

He advanced the idea that electrons move around the nucleus (1) in fixed orbits or raceways, but when electricity passes through the atom, the electrons jump to the next larger raceway and then go back to their usual path.  他提出以下看法：电子在固定的轨道或跑道中，围绕着原子核运转，但是，当电流通过原子时，电子跳到邻近的比较大的轨道中，然后回到它们的通常轨道上来。

As the electrons jump from orbit to orbit, light is produced. Bohr was able to predict the wave lengths of the light from the makeup of the atom, and the jump from electron orbit to electron orbit. 当电子在轨道间跳来跳去时，光产生了。玻尔根据原子的结构，和在电子轨道间的跳跃情况，就能预见光的波长。

Like many other scientific innovations, the Bohr atom was not fully appreciated except by a small group of people. (2) It took nine years, until 1922, for the Nobel Prize committee finally to get to know Bohr’s achievement. And in spite of the delay, Bohr at thirty-seven was the youngest Nobel Prize winner in physics up to that time. 和其他许多科学创新成果一样，只有少数的人充分地肯定了玻尔原子。诺贝尔评奖委员会用了9年时间，直到1922年，才最终理解到玻尔的成就。尽管姗姗来迟，37岁的玻尔，仍是到那时为止的最年轻的诺贝尔物理学奖得主。

Before he won the Nobel Prize, Bohr had already been made head of the Copenhagen Institute for Theoretical Physics. 获得诺贝尔奖之前，玻尔已经被任命为哥本哈根理论物理研究所所长。

Soon students and scientists from all over the world came to tiny Denmark to study and work. They were attracted by Bohr’s brilliance. 很快，世界各地的学生和科学家们来到弹丸之地丹麦，进行研究和学习。他们为玻尔的卓越才华所吸引。

Einstein said of him, “Nobody knows how the level of our knowledge about the atom would be without Bohr. Personally, Bohr is one of the most amiable colleagues I have ever met. He utters his opinions like one who is for ever groping, never like one who believes himself to be in the possession of definite truth.” 爱因斯坦谈到他时，说：“无人知道，没有玻尔，我们的原子的知识会是个什么水平。就我而言，玻尔是我见到的最和蔼可亲的同事之一。他讲自己的看法时，就像一位孜孜不倦的探索者，决不像深信自己掌握了绝对真理的人。”

Bohr came to the United States and met with Eistein and other scientists. He discussed the matter, too, with Enrico Fermi who was working at Columbia University. 玻尔来到美国，见到爱因斯坦和其他一些科学家。他还和正在哥伦比亚大学工作的恩里科·弗米讨论过此事。

In a short time the laboratories of the world confirmed that when the nucleus split, there would be a sudden release of enormous quantities of energy. And this was extremely important to the army. 不久，世界上的各个实验室都证实了, 当原子核分裂时，会突然释放出巨大的能量。这对军队来说，这是极其重要的。

 And the rest is the history of the atomic bomb. 而后来的事就是原子弹诞生的历史了。

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注释：

1.        He advanced the idea that electrons race about the nucleus…

句子中由连词that引导一个同位语从句，即是说，that从句所表达的内容，就是the idea（想法），即：that-clause = the idea 。

2.        …the Bohr atom was not fully appreciated except by a small group of people. 

这是一个双重否定句。句子中有两个否定词：not（没有）和except（除了）。比较直一点的翻译是：“除了少数人外，博尔原子没有被充分地评价。” 两个否定等于肯定，本文将其翻译为：“只有少数的人充分地评价博尔原子。”

3.        …it would be possible to split the nucleus of uranium ….

句子中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语to split the nucleus of uranium…。 英语中，能作真正主语的只有三种情况：（1）不定式：It is dangerous to play with fire.（玩火是危险的。） （2）动名词：It is no use crying over the spilt milk.（对着打到了的牛奶哭是没有用的 ¾ 倾覆水难收。） （3）由连接词that或连接代词、连接副词引起的从句：It was clear that they had no desire for peace. (很清楚，他们没有和平的诚意。）

中考、高考模拟题

1.       Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A.      Bohr used his atomic model to explain the production of light.

B.      Bohr failed to predict the wavelength of light produced by different materials.

C.      Bohr advanced the idea that the nucleus moves around electrons.

D.     Bohr thought that light is produced as the electrons jump off orbits.

2.       According to the passage Bohr got the Nobel Prize _____________.

A.      when he was thirty-eight

B.      in 1922  

C.      when a small group of people appreciated his achievement

D.     after he showed his scientific innovation

3.       From the passage we know that ____________.

A.      scientists came to Denmark because they were attracted by Bohr’s brilliance.

B.      Bohr met with Eistein and Marktwin in the United States

C.      Bohr was a man who believed himself to be in the possession of definite truth

D.     Bohr’s colleagues did not like him at all

4.       The underlined word “amiable” in the passage means ________.

A.      away from

B.      good-tempered 

C.      happy

D.     easy-going

参考答案：

1. A    2. B    3. A    4. B