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Lesson 17 A man-made disease

第十七课人造疾病 

17-1. In the early days of settlment of Australia,enterprisIn the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit.Rabbit为什么不用复数形式.

【译文】澳大利亚殖民初期，一些有事业心的移居者不明智地引入了欧洲兔子。

ing settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit

澳大利亚：Australia,  殖民初期in the early days of the settlement

settlement:殖民，殖民地

settler:移居者，移民者，开拓者

他们是最早去美国的移民者：they were the earliest settlers in America

 大英帝国有许多殖民地：the Great Britain had many settlements

                                             the British empire had many settlements

enterprising:有事业心的，进取心的，有魄力的，有胆量的，富有事业心的

Having the ability to think of new activities or ideas and make them work.

他为有进取心的科学家创设了诺贝尔奖：He invented the Nobel Prize for enterprising scientists

Unwise:不明智的，愚蠢的，鲁莽的，考虑不周到的not based on good judgement

生了病拖延不看医是不明智的: it is unwise to delay going to see doctor if you are sick

unwise adj  unwisdome  unwisely

 

【单词和短语】

enterprising: 有事业心的，有进取心的（having the ability to think of new activities or ideas and make them work），例如：

He invented the Nobel Prize for enterprising scientists.

他为有进取心的科学家创设了诺贝尔奖。

unwise:不明智的，愚蠢的，不审慎的，轻率的，鲁莽的（not based on good judgement），例如：

It is unwise to delay going to the doctor if you are sick.

生了病却拖延就医是不明智的。

unwise的名词形式为unwisdom，副词形式为unwisely。

17-2. This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits.

【译文】这种兔子在澳大利亚没有天敌，因此便以兔子特有的杂乱交配迅速繁殖起来。

this rabbit had no enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of f

the rabbit had natural  enemies in the antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous  abandon  characteristic of rabbits

澳大利亚和新西兰：Antipodes  天敌：natural enemies

This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes,

promiscuous:乱交的，杂交的（having many sexual partners)

promiscuous and promiscuity

the story printed had implied that he is promiscuous

abandon放任，放纵，无拘无束

if someone does something with abandon, they behave in a careless or uncontroled way, withour think of or care about what they are doing.

spend money with abandom乱花钱

 

 

【讲解】so that…of rabbits是结果状语从句。with that…of rabbits作方式状语，修饰multiplied。that promiscuous abandon中的that是副词，修饰promiscuous。characteristic of rabbits作abandon的定语。

【单词和短语】

promiscuous：乱交的，杂交的（having many sexual partners），例如：

The story printed had implied that he was promiscuous.

promiscuous的名词形式为promiscuity。

abandon: 放任，放纵，无拘无束（if someone does something with abandon, they behave in a careless or uncontrolled way, without thinking or caring about what they are doing），例如：

spend money with abandon 乱花钱

laugh with the abandon of a child 孩子般地放声大笑

weep with complete abandon 号啕痛哭

The grapes grew in wild abandon. 葡萄长得异常繁茂。

17-3. It overran a whole continent.

【译文】它们向整个大陆蔓延开来。

it overran a whole continent.

overrun:（杂草，蔓藤等）的覆盖，蔓延于

                （害虫，害鸟等的）大批出没于，侵扰（if unwanted things or people overrun a place, they spread over it in great numbers),例如：weeds soon overrun the garden.

a house overrun with mice

 

【单词和短语】

overrun：（杂草、蔓藤等）覆盖，蔓延于；（害鸟、害虫等）大批出没于，侵扰(if unwanted things or people overrun a place, they spread over it in great numbers)，例如：

Weeds soon overrun the garden.

花园里很快就长满了杂草。

a house overrun with mice 鼠害猖獗的房子

17-4. It caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle.

【译文】这种兔子挖洞掘穴，吃掉本可以饲养数百万头牛羊的牧草，从而给澳大利亚造成了毁灭性破坏。

it caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring  herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle.

sheep and cattle

devastate and devastation n,毁坏

burrow n,洞穴，v，挖地洞

devour:吞食，吞咽，尤其指动物的狼吞虎咽 herbage:草，草的柔软部分

maintain:维持，维修，供养，继续

【讲解】sheep和cattle均为单复数同型名词。which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle系定语从句，修饰herbage，其中might have maintained乃虚拟语气用法。

17-5. Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis.

【译文】科学家发现，这种特殊品种的兔子（显然不是别的动物）易患一种叫“多发性粘液瘤”的致命病毒性疾病。

scientists discovered that this particular variety 品种 of rabbit( and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease,myxomatosis多发性粘液瘤

susceptible:n,因缺乏免疫力而易得病的人，adj,易受影响的，易感染的

scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit( and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis.

【单词和短语】

susceptible：敏感的，过敏的（likely to suffer from a particular illness or be affected by a particular problem），例如：

You are very susceptible to colds.

你很容易感冒。

17-6. By infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created.

【译文】通过感染动物并把它们放在洞内，可造成这种疾病的区域性感染。

by infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created.

infect v,传染，感染 let loose:放任，给某人以自由或者机会

let loose:to speak or behave in an uncontrolled way

mother let me loose on the apple pie

通过感染动物并把它们放在洞内，可造成这种疾病的区域性感染。

By infecting animals and let them loose in the burrow,

epidemic:流行性的，传染性的，流行病，传染

local epidemic of this disease  could be created.

【讲解】by infecting…in the burrows作方式状语，修饰could be created。them指the infected animals。

【单词和短语】

let loose:放任，给（某人）以自由（或机会）（to speak or behave in an uncontrolled way），例如：

Mother let me loose on the apple pie.

母亲让我敞开肚子吃苹果派。

17-7. Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits.

【译文】人们后来又发现，有种蚊子是传播这种疾病的媒介，并把此病传染给兔子。

蚊子：mosquito

later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease

【讲解】which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits系定语从句，修饰a type of mosquito。

17-8. So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one.

【译文】因此当世上其他地方正在设法消灭蚊子之时，澳大利亚却在促使这种蚊子大量繁殖。

【讲解】this one指a type of mosquito。

【单词和短语】

get rid of：消灭，杀死，除去（to throw away or destroy something you do not want any more），例如：

get rid of one’s inhibitions去除心理抑制

I thought I would never get rid of these weeds.

我原以为我怎么也不会把这些杂草除去了呢。

Poison will get rid of the rats in the barn.

毒药将把谷仓中的老鼠毒死。

17-9. It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabbit population.

【译文】蚊子卓有成效地把这种疾病扩散到整个澳洲大陆，结果兔子数量大为减少。

it effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically  reduced the rabbit population

mosquito effectively make this diseases overran to the whole continent, that the number of the rabbit is decreased repidly.

扩散：spread,continent overran

【单词和短语】

drastic：严厉的，极端的（extreme and sudden），例如：

take a drastic step 采取极端步骤

be drastic about sth. 严厉地对待某事

a drastic change in policy 政策的重大变化

a drastic reduction in employment 大量的裁员

drast

17-10. It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated.

【译文】后来人们明显看出兔子对这种疾病已产生了一定程度的免疫力，所以兔子不可能彻底灭绝。

 

 

【讲解】as a pest是介词短语，作状语修饰had bequeathed。as a pestilence是介词短语，作定语修饰disease。

【单词和短语】

bequeath：传下，留下（to pass knowledge, customs etc to people who come after you or live after you），例如：


He bequeathed his talent to his son.

他的才能传给了他的儿子。

ideas bequeathed to us by the 19th century

19世纪传至今人的思想

bequeath a difficult political problem to the incoming administration

给行将就职的新一届政府留下一个政治难题

17-13. A French physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis.

【译文】一位法国医生决定消灭自己庄园内的野兔，于是引进了这种多发性粘液瘤疾病。

【讲解】and在文中表示结果。

physician医生，内科医师

a french physician decided to exterminate the rabbit in his garden, and introduct  myxomatosis.

a french physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduce myxomatosis

myxomatosis

17-14. It did not, however, remain within the confines of his estate.

【译文】然而这种疾病并未仅仅局限在他的庄园内。

the disease, however, remain within the confines of his estate

庄园？：estate estate

it did not , however, remain within the confines of his estate

局限的estate estate estate

17-15. It spread through France, where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as sport and a useful food supply, and it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits, equally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry打猎取乐的玩物，打猎取乐的玩物：sports

it spread through France, where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as sport and a useful food supplfood supply and food source,and it spread to britain whrer wild rabbite are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits ,equally susceptible to the disease , are the basis of a profitable

家兔：domesticated rabbit susceptible to the disease are the basis of a profitable fur industry

【译文】这种疾病蔓延到全法国。野兔在法国一般不被视为有害动物，而被视为打猎取乐的玩物和有用的食物来源。这种疾病又蔓延到了英国。野兔在英国被当作有害的动物，可家兔却是利润丰厚的毛皮工业的根基，可后者同样容易感染这种疾病。

this disease overran /spread to the whole Franch,the wild rabbit was not regards as the pest, but the food source,this disease again spread to the British, and the wild rabbit was regarded as the pest, and the rabbit in the family and equally susceptilbe to the disease t he rabbit susceptible this disease.

有利可图的毛皮工业：the profitible fur industry

 

【讲解】equally susceptible to the disease作rabbits的非限制性定语。

17-16. The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented.

【译文】问题是人类能否控制这种人造疾病。

the question is where human being can control this disease

the question became one of whether man could control the disease he had invented.

【讲解】became one of whether…等于was whether…。one代替the question。这里用选用前者显得更为庄重。Man和he在文中均指人类