反意疑问句
(2010-11-26 15:57:18)
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校园 |
分类: 英语学习 |
用来提问以证实自己的想法或看法的问句叫做反意疑问句。反意疑问句通常由一个陈述句和一个简短的疑问句构成,即前一句话为陈述句,后一句话为“助动词+主语(代词)的形式”,在说话者对所作出的陈述没有完全把握的情况下使用。
规则:陈述句改为反意疑问句的原则为:陈述句的谓语动词若是肯定式,反意疑问句的助动词要用否定式;陈述句的谓语动词若是否定式,反意疑问句的助动词要用肯定式。
1. 以be动词或其它助动词(can, may, must, will, shall, should, would等)构成的反意疑问句,反意疑问部分的谓语直接在be或其它助动词后加not:
例:—It is important, isn’t it?这事很重要,不是吗?
例:—They won’t take the book, will they?他们不会带走那本书,对吗?
—No, they won’t.是的,他们不会带走那本书。
—Yes, they will take the book.不,他们将要带走那本书。
例:—She can speak English, can’t she?她会讲英语,对吗?
—Yes, she can.是的,她会讲英语。
—No,she can’t.不,她不会讲英语。
2. 以行为动词构成的反意疑问句,反意疑问句的助动词根据陈述句的动词时态及人称分别用do,does或did。
例:—He came to see his brother yesterday, didn’t he?
—Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
—He comes to see his brother, doesn’t he?
—Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
3. 反意疑问句需要注意的事项:
(1)前后句的谓语动词要呼应,仅意思相反。除行为动词(实意动词)需要使用助动词之外,问句部分的动词一般是在陈述句谓语动词后加上或去掉not构成。
例:Francis is watching TV, isn’t he?
You are not having a meeting, are you?
(2)回答必须按实际情况。事实如此,就答yes,否则答no。假如你是一名学生,当别人问:
You are a student, aren’t you? 时,你就要回答Yes, I am.这就是按事实回答。
当别人问:You are not a student, are you? 时,肯定回答仍要用:Yes, I am.不,我是学生。这就是按事实回答。如要否定回答,则说:No, I am not.是的,我不是学生。这和汉语的习惯不同。绝不能按照汉语的习惯回答说:Yes, I’m not.或者No, I am.
(3)如果陈述句中带有全部或部分否定的词如never, hardly, nothing, seldom, few, little,rarely, scarcely等,将其视为否定句,疑问部分须用肯定形式提问。
例:—She never goes to the cinema, does she? 她从不去电影院看电影,对吗?
—Yes, she does.不,她经常去。
例:—He has few friends, has he?他没什么朋友?
—No,he hasn’t.是的,他没什么朋友。
(4)陈述句部分如果是there be 句式,疑问部分要变为be there
例:There are a lot of people there, aren’t there? 那里有许多人,是吗?
There was something wrong with your car, wasn’t there? 你的轿车出问题了,是吗?
(5)陈述句主语是this, that, everything, anything, something, nothing等时,疑问代词用it代替。
例:Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了,是吗?
Nothing can stop us, can it? 没什么能阻挡我们,是吧?
(6)陈述句部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one等不定代词作主语时,疑问部分主语用they,有时也用he。但要注意nobody和no one具有否定意义。
例:Everyone knows it, don’t they/ doesn’t he? 人人都知道,是吧?
No one could tell why, could he? 没人知道原因,对吧?
(7)当陈述句主语为such时,反意疑问句的主谓语的数随主句谓语而定。主语为单数时用it,主语为复数时用they。
例:Such is life, isn’t it? 人生就是这样,不是吗?
Such are the most powerful voices of our times, aren’t they?
这些就是我们时代的最有力的声音,不是吗?
(8)当陈述句的主语是动词不定式、动名词时,反意疑问句的主语用it。
例:To kick a cat is a cruel act, isn’t it? 踢猫是残忍的行为,不是吗?
Doing crosswards gives the mind some exercise, doesn’t it?
作纵横字谜游戏能锻炼脑筋,不是吗?
(9)当陈述句的主语为each of 1结构时,反意疑问句主语用he, she或it时强调“各个,各自”;用we, you或they时,强调“全体”。
例:Each of the visitors was presented with a souvenir, isn’t he?
每位来宾都得到了纪念品,是吗?
Each of us have got the prize, haven’t we? 我们每位都得了奖,不是吗?
(10)当陈述句主语为one时,反意疑问句的主语在正式场合用one,非正式场合用you。
例:One should be exact in his statement, shouldn’t one? 一个人说话应该严谨,不是吗?
One could hear every subject under the sun being hotly discussed, couldn’t you?
你们可以听到人们热烈地天南海北的谈论,不是吗?
(11)陈述句由none of 1结构作主语时,反意疑问句谓语动词的数和人称要同前面的陈述部分一致。
例:None of his relatives are close by, are they? 他的亲戚没一个关系密切的,对吗?
None of the others have lived my experience, have they?
别人都不曾有过我这样的经历,不是吗?
None of his arguments seems to me to hold water, does it?
在我看来,他的论点没有一个能成立,不是吗?
(12)当陈述句部分主语为含有I的两个人时,反意疑问句中的主语用we。
例:You and I will go there together tomorrow, won’t we?
我和你明天一起去那里,好吗?
(13)当陈述句的主语是类似于 whisky and soda的混合物或类似于love and care为同一概念时,反意疑问句的主语用it。
例:Whisky and soda sells well here, doesn’t it? 掺有苏打水的威士忌在这销路不错,不是吗?
The love and care she gets from her parents is intense, isn’t it?
(14)当陈述句谓语动词为have作“有”解时,反意疑问句可用have,也可用do。
例:Humans have two legs, haven’t they? 人有两条腿,不是吗?
(15)当陈述句谓语动词为have作“经历,遭受,得到,吃”等解时,疑问部分只用do的适当形式。
例:You had a wonderful time in park yesterday, didn’t you?
昨天你们在公园玩得愉快极了,是吗?
Lots of girls here have influenza, don’t they?
这儿的好些女孩患了流感,对吗?
(16)当陈述句谓语动词含有have/has /had to时,疑问部分用do的适当形式。
例:Children have to learn to join up their letters, don’t they?
孩子们得学会拼写单词,不是吗?
He had to find somewhere to stop for lunch, didn’t he?
他得找个地方停下来吃午饭,不是吗?
(17)当陈述句谓语动词为系动词时,疑问部分要重复这些系动词。若陈述句谓语动词是am,疑问句部分要用aren’t I或ain’t I否定,而不能用an’t I 或am not I。
例:The circus were very good, weren’t they? 这个马戏团很不错,不是吗?
I am very pleased with what he has done, aren’t I?
那些重复的电视节目我都看腻了,不是吗?
(18)need 和dare在陈述句中作情态动词时,反意疑问句部分仍用need或dare。
例:We needn’t hurry with our meeting, need we? 我们用不着匆忙开会,是吗?
She dare not touch lobster, dare she? 她不敢吃龙虾,是吗?
He dare do it, daren’t he? 他敢做这事,不是吗?
(19)在陈述句部分中need和dare用作行为动词时,反意疑问句部分用do或does。
例:He dares any danger, doesn’t he? 他敢于冒任何风险,不是吗?
He didn’t dare to speak to her, did he? 他不敢和她说话,是吗?
He didn’t need to be reminded about it, did he?不必向他提醒那件事,是吗?
(20)当陈述句谓语部分含有used to时,疑问句部分常用usedn’t 或didn’t两种形式。但是,如果是there used to be 句型,反意疑问部分用wasn’t/weren’t there。
例:In former times, people used to fight with swords, usedn’t they?
在过去时代,人们总是用剑格斗,不是吗?
He used to be quite a good player, didn’t he?
他曾是个相当好的运动员,不是吗?
There used to be a hole in the fence, wasn’t there?
以前篱笆上有个口子,不是吗?
(21)陈述句谓语部分含有had better, 反意疑问句部分用hadn’t。
例:We had better treat it as a joke, hadn’t we? 我们最好把它当作玩笑,不是吗?
(22)陈述句谓语部分含有would rather, 反意疑问句部分用wouldn’t。
例:He’d rather(would rather) that it hadn’t happened,wouldn’t he?
他宁愿没有发生过这样的事,不是吗?
(23)陈述句谓语部分含有would like, 反意疑问句部分用wouldn’t。
例:She’d like to be a film actress, wouldn’t she? 她想当电影演员,不是吗?
(24)陈述句谓语部分含有ought to, 反意疑问句部分用shouldn’t或oughtn’t。
例:You ought to keep your passions under control, oughtn’t you?
你应该控制住情绪,不是吗?
He ought to be in London by now, shouldn’t he? 此刻他应该在伦敦了,不是吗?
(25)当陈述句的谓语动词是表示愿望的wish时,反意疑问句中的谓语要用may, 而且前后两个部分均用肯定式。
例:I wish to change some pocket money, may I? 我希望换些零钱,可以吗?
I wish to use your car, may I? 我想借用你的车,行吗?
(26)陈述句谓语部分含有may或might, 反意疑问句部分用may或might的适当形式(偶尔也用will表示请求)。
例:I may have made a mistake in the count, mayn’t I?
我在数的过程中有可能数错了,不是吗?
You might tell them that I hope to be back tomorrow night, will you?
你可以告诉他们我希望明晚回来,行吗?
(27)陈述句部分有情态动词must时,要依照不同含义使用疑问句部分。
must表示必须时,疑问部分常用mustn’t; must表示有必要时,疑问部分常用needn’t;must表示推测时,疑问部分常不用情态动词,而使用情态动词后的助动词或be动词。
例:We must follow the traffic rules, mustn’t we?
我们必须遵守交通法规,对吧?(必须)
A judge must deal out justice to all men, needn’t he?
法官必须对每个人都公正,不是吗?
He must be in the library, isn’t he? 他一定在图书馆,不是吗?(推测)
(28)反意疑问句带有祈使句时,疑问部分常用will you; 以let’s开头时,疑问部分用shall we。
例:Open the door, will you? 打开门,好吗?
Let’s go together, shall we? 让我们一起去,好吗?
(29)在陈述句部分中由动词原形引导的祈使句或let us(不是let’s)引导的祈使句,反意疑问句一般用will you。
例:Lend me a hand to shift this piano, will you? 你能帮我搬一下这架钢琴吗?
Let us know your address, will you? 请把你的地址告诉我们,好吗?
(30)为使祈使句听起来比较婉转、客气, 反意疑问句还可以用,would you, won’t you, can you, could you, can’t you等。
例:Help yourself, would you?请随意,好吗?
(31)在陈述句部分中,如果祈使句是否定的,反意疑问句只能用will you。
例:Don’t let the fire out, will you? 别让火熄灭了,好吗?
(32)以let me 开头的祈使句作陈述句,反意疑问句可用will you 或may I。
例:Let me have a look, will you? 让我看看好吗?
Let me do it for you, may I? 让我为你做这件事吧,好吗?
(33)陈述句部分如果带宾语从句,疑问部分的谓语动词常和主句的谓语动词一致。但当陈述句部分是I don’t think/ believe/ suppose /figure /assume /fancy /imagine /reckon/ expect /feel等加宾语从句时,疑问部分的谓语动词和从句谓语动词保持一致。
例:He didn’t tell you why he hadn’t come that day, did he?
他没告诉你那天他为什么没来,对吧?
我想他肯定不能拼对那个词,是吗?
(34)在“It doesn’t seem that + 从句”等类似的结构中,反意疑问句的主语和谓语同从句的主语和谓语保持一致。
例:It doesn’t seem that they were lying, were they?
(35)在陈述句中,如果表语从句由what, whether, who, which, where, how, when 等引导,反意疑问句应对应于主句。
例:That’s what we should do, isn’t it? 这是我们应该做的,不是吗?
(36)在陈述句中,如果主语从句由if, whether, who, what, which, where, how, when等引导,反意疑问句的主语要用it。注意由if 引导的主语从句不能置于句首。
例:Whether we go to Paris is in the air, isn’t it?
我们是否去巴黎尚未决定,不是吗?
What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
他在会上所说的很重要,不是吗?
(37)如果反意疑问句的陈述句部分是感叹句,反意疑问句部分一律用否定形式,而且要用be的一般现在时态,在这种句子中,主语是人时,反意疑问句中主语要用he 或you等人称代词,主语是物时用it。
例:Awfully hot, isn’t it? 非常热,是不是?
What a stupid fellow, isn’t he? 多傻的小子,不是吗?
(38)neither… nor… 本身已经是否定结构,故反意疑问句要用肯定式。
例:He can neither read nor write, can he? 他既不会读,也不会写,是不是?
※(39)有一种反意疑问句,同陈述句的谓语形式保持一致,都是肯定形式或否定形式,这种问句一般用升调,表示关心、惊讶、怀疑、愤怒等感情。
例:You look pale. You are not feeling well, aren’t you? 你脸色苍白,你感觉不舒服,对吗?
(40)英语中有少量不变的反意疑问句,形式固定,不随其前面的陈述句谓语等的变化而变化,这种问句是希望听话人作出反应。常用的有:eh, right, don’t you think so, am I right, isn’t that so等。
例:That is a good idea, eh? 这是个好主意,是吗?
【典型例题】
改为反意疑问句
1. There was no time for the twins to go shopping,________ _______ ?
2. She had nothing for breakfast,__________ __________ ?
3. You will meet your friends at the railway station, _______ ______ ?
4. She has hardly had anything this morning, __________ __________ ?
5. There is something important about to happen, __________ ______ ?
答案:1. was
there
【模拟试题】(答题时间:15分钟)
反意疑问句专项练习
单选:
1. Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night,________?
A. don’t they
2. —You’ve never seen dinosaur eggs, have you ?
A. Yes, I have
C. Certainly, I
have
3. His sister had a bad cough, ______she?
A. wasn’t
4. Mr. Green went to Shenzhen on business last week, ________?
A. isn’t he
5. He can hardly understand any Chinese, _________he?
A.
can’t
6. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, _________?
A. do you
7. Lucy, you clean the blackboard today, _______?
A. do
you
8. Miss Cheng will never forget her first visit to Canada, ________?
A. will she
9. The lady couldn’t say a word when she saw the snake,________?
A. could the
lady
C. could she
10. —________sweater is this?
—I think it’s Peter’s.
A.
Who
11. —______I go and meet you at the airport?
—No, thanks, dear . I can take a taxi home.
A.
Will
12. —_____is the Confucian Temple(孔庙) from here?
A. How
many
13. —______may I keep these book?
A. How often
14. Tina is unhappy now,________?
A. isn’t she
15. —_____you _____TV at the moment?
A. Did, watch
16. —_____do
you
A. How
long
17. A: ______you ever _____ the Great Wall?
A. Did,
go
C. Have, gone to
18. —You lent me some money a few months ago.
—_____? I don’t remember lending you any money .
A. Did
I
19. —______is it from here to Yancheng Railway Station?
—About two kilometers.
A. How
often
20. —Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine?
—______.
A. Yes, a
dictionary
C. A
dictionary

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