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考研阅读精读笔记(97-98Passage Three)(2009-06-30 17:57:10)

1997

Passage One

L:

take vote  vi.投票

territory n.领土;领域

Northern Territory  北部领土,澳北省(澳大利亚的一个省级行政单位)

incurably ad.不可治愈

patient n.病人

measure n.法案;措施

convincing a.有说服力的                           convince v.            conviction n.

word n.消息

executive a./n.主管,执行,行政

director n.主管,主任,经理,导演

society n.协会,联合会;社会

via = through  prep.通过

post vt.粘贴

bulletin n.布告板,公告板

import = importance  n.重要性,重要

import v./n.进口

sink in  被理解

leave vt.使;离开;留下

implication n.结果,影响;含义

sigh n./v.叹气

relief n.缓解,减轻                    relieve v.

breathe sighs of relief  长舒一口气,如释重负

haste n.匆忙

passage n.通过;通道                

pass v.被通过;通过

aging a.老龄化的

euthanasia n.安乐死

the dominoes  多米诺骨牌;连锁反应

request v./n.请求;要求

injection n.注射;注入                inject v.

pill n.药片

put an end to sth  使sth结束

diagnose v.诊断                   diagnosis n.

terminally ill = incurably ill  晚期的,病入膏肓的

sign v.签名,签署

certificate n.证书

Darwin n.(地名,Northern Territory的首府);人名

get on with A   继续做;与A友好相处

haunt v.萦绕心头;常出没于

haunting fear  挥之不去的恐惧

terrifying = terrible  a.可怕的

terrify vt.使害怕

from a spiritual point of view   从精神的角度

fight v.挣扎;打斗;战斗;斗争

oxygen n.氧气

claw v.抓  n.爪子

mask n.面罩

surgical mask  口罩

objection n.反对

the objection to A   对A的反对

object to A  反对A

share v.都具有,都拥有;分享;分担

chiefly = mainly  ad.主要

hasty a.匆忙的

take a wait-and-see attitude towards A   对A采取观望态度

bill n.法案;纸币;账单

effect-taking  a.生效的

take effect  vi.生效

come to a stop = stop   vi.停止

calm a./n.平静

intense a.剧烈的;激烈的;猛烈的;强烈的

undergo = experience  vt.经历

opposition n.反对                 oppose vt.

suspicion n.怀疑                  suspicious a.          suspect v.

approval n.赞同;批准                approve v.

 

W:

But the tide is unlikely to turn back.  但是潮流不可能逆转。

 

It takes time to do...    做...需要时间。

It takes time to have a good command of English.  学好英语需要时间。

 

Passage Two

L:

courteous a.有礼貌的                  courtesy n.

to be fair  公平的说

observation n.评论;观察;遵守;庆祝            observe v.

make observations of A   做一些关于A的评论

small-minded a.小心眼的

official n.官员  a.官方的;正式的

comment n./v.评论

one another  相互

diversion n.娱乐

the harsh reality  残酷的现实

hospitality n.好客                 hospitable a.

injure v.受伤                injury n.

turn to A = resort to A  诉诸A,求助于A

cabin n.木屋;船舱,机舱

settlement n.定居点;定居,安定;解决

charitable a.慈善的,仁慈的                     charity n.

impulse n.冲动

on the part of = of   prep. ...的

reflect v.反映               reflection/reflexion n.

harshness n.严酷,残酷;刺耳                  harsh a.

take care of sb = look after sb  照顾,照料sb

someday ad.有一天

specialize in sth   专门从事sth;擅长sth

weary a.疲惫的

wear v./n.穿,戴;使用;磨损

tourist trail  旅游路线

superficial a.肤浅的

artificial a.虚假的,虚伪的;人造的,人为的,人工的

as is true of A   就像A一样

signal n./v.信号

assumption n.假设,假定                   assume v.

convention n.惯例,习俗,传统;公约;大会         conventional a.

underlie v.位于...之下;是...的基础;是...的原因,引起

brief a.短暂的;简洁的

value vt.看重,重视

be ready to do  乐意做;准备做

exert/exercise an influence over A   对A施加影响,对A有影响

interrelate v.相互关联

a set of    一套,一组,一系列

used to do   过去常常做

entertain vt.招待,款待;娱乐

in view of = given   prep.考虑到

out of  出于,因为

flavor n.风味

add some flavor to one’s own daily life    让某人的日常生活更加丰富多彩

 

S:

For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an other­wise dull existence.

在很长一段时间内,在美国的很多地方,一个旅行者是生活中一个受人欢迎的改变,否则生活会很枯燥。

 

As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conv­entions underlies all social interrelationships.

就像任何发达国家一样,在美国,一整套复杂的文化信号、假设和惯例是所有社会相互关系的基础。

 

For example, when an American uses the word “friend”, the cultural impli­cations of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture.

例如,当一个美国人使用“朋友”这个词的时候,该词的文化含义,可能与这个词在来美国玩的那个游客自己的语言和文化中所具有的含义,大不相同。

 

It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest.

要区分礼貌的(社会)惯例和个人的兴趣,需要的不仅仅是公车上的一次短暂邂逅。

 

W:

And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.

记住,某一天,你可能会遇到同样的情形。

 

Passage Three

L:
technically ad.从理论上讲,从技术的角度看;技术地

other than  除了;不同于

mistakenly ad.错误地

addict n.成瘾者,瘾君子  vt.成瘾,上瘾                addiction n.

drug addicts = drug takers  吸毒者

alcohol n.酒精                     alcoholic a.

tobacco n.烟草

neutral a.中性的;中立的

physician n.医生,内科医生

psychologist n.心理学家

psychology n.心理学                   psychological a.

abuse n./v.滥用;辱骂;虐待

misuse vt./n.滥用;错用

medicinal a.药用的

pervasive a.普遍的;                  pervade v.

nerve n.神经

apparently ad.表面地,明显地                   apparent a.

constructive a.建设性的;建造的

in excess  过量

negative a.负面的,消极的;负极的;阴性的

poison v./n.中毒;毒药              

poisonous a.有毒的

perceptual a.感觉的,感知的                     perception n.                 perceive v.

mark v.标志着

withdrawal n.抽回;收回;提取         withdraw v.

symptom n.症状

withdrawal symptom  断药症状

discontinue = stop v.停止,不继续

the central nervous system   中枢神经系统

mood n.情绪

group = categorize  v.分组,分类

grouping = category  n.类别,一类

group n.组;集团

be used in groups  按组/按类使用

initially ad.最初地,开始                   initial a.                initiate v.

speed up  v.加速

activate vt.激活,使活跃

whereas conj.而,然而

slow down  v.使慢下来

a variety of  各种各样的,许多

radically ad.大大,非常

consciousness n.意识;清醒                conscious a.

in that  在于,因为

fatal a.致命的;严重的               fatality n.

piercing a.穿透的;尖锐的;敏锐的

physical a.生理的;身体的;物理的;物体的,物质的

consumption n.消费,消耗;使用                    consume v.

exclusive a.排他的,排斥性的;专用的,豪华的

in oneself  就其本身

 

W:

A is preferable to B.   A比B更可取。

When it comes to physical exercises, swimming is preferable to jogging.

当谈到体育锻炼,游泳比慢跑更可取。

 

Passage Four

L:
contribute to sth  有助于;导致

decline n./v.衰退,衰落;下降

accomplish vt.完成,做到,实现               accomplishment n.

career n.事业;职业

senator n.参议员

Time Warner  时代华纳(美国的一个传媒企业)

corrupt v./a.腐蚀;腐败

as well = too  ad.也

simply ad.仅仅,只

latest a.最新的,最近的

manifestation n.表现,表明                manifest v.

corporate a.公司的;共同的

core n.核心;核

late a.(只位于人名前)已故的

front n.方面;前面

stock price  股票价格

mountainous a.象山一样的;多的;多山的

cable n.有线电视;电缆

deal n.交易,买卖

sell off  vt.卖掉

restructure v./n.改组,重组

investor n.投资者                

invest v.投资                       investment n.

flap n. = agitation 风波

rap n.说唱音乐

on the grounds of A   以A为理由

under fire   受到批评;受到火力攻击

release v./n.发布,发行;释放

violent a.暴力的                  violence n.

cop n.(美国口语)警察

lawful = legal  a.合法的

outlet n.发泄途径;出口;电源插座

test n./v.检验,考验;测试

Wall Street Journal  华尔街日报

column n.专栏;柱子

lie in = consist in  在于

latitude n.范围,空间;纬度

disputable a.有争议的

irritating = annoying  a.令人恼火的

retreat v./n.撤退,后退

threat n.威胁                threaten vt.

comment on A  就A进行评论

sign n.迹象;符号;标记

There were signs that ...   有迹象表明...

back off  v.退避;放弃

hard-line stand = strong stand   强硬的立场

to some extent  在某种程度上

at least 至少

rock n.摇滚音乐;摇滚;石头

verse n.诗;诗节

singing verse = lyric  歌词

stockholder = shareholder  n.股东

assert v.宣称,坚持声称;坚持          assertion n.            assertive a.

society’s ills = social ills = social evils  社会弊端

Bronx  (地名) 布朗克斯(纽约市最北端的区)

balanced a.平衡的,均衡的

announce v.宣布                  announcement n.

launch a drive  发起一场运动

develop standards  制定标准

labeling n.贴标签;贴商标

potentially ad.可能;潜在地               potential a./n.

objectionable a.引起反对的,不可取的;令人不快的

be supportive of = support  支持

strategy n.策略;战略                 strategic a.

insider n.内部人士

amendment n.修正,修改            amend v.

the First Amendment  (宪法)第一修正案

case n.事实

It is perhaps the case that ...   事实很可能是...

board n.董事会;委员会;伙食;板,板子

spokesman n.发言人

be liable to do ...   (天生)倾向于,容易

compromise v./n.妥协;损害

soften v.软化,缓和

tone n.语调,曲调

policy n.政策;方针,对策

yield to A   向A让步/屈服

 

S:

 “The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression_r but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression_r the widest possible latitude, how­ever disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.

他在华尔街日报的一个专栏中写道,“对任何民主国家的检验,并不在于这个国家能多么好的控制人们的表达,而在于它是否给人们的思想和言论自由以尽可能大的空间,不管由此产生的结果有时会多么的富有争议或令人不快。”

 

Passage Five

L:
monetary a.货币的;金钱的

steer v.驾驶,操控

landing n.       着陆                     land v.

precise a.精确的                         precision n.

interest rate  利息率,利率

inflation n.通货膨胀

lag n./v.滞后;落后

hence conj.因此;因此就产生了

analogy n.类比,比喻;类推                    analogous a.

liken A to B = compare A to B  把A比作B

blacken vt.弄黑;使黑

windscreen n.挡风玻璃

crack v./n.破,打破

rear a./n.后面的,后部

rear-view mirror  后视镜

faulty a.有故障的;有缺点的;有缺陷的

steering wheel  方向盘

boast about = boast of  吹嘘

of late = lately = recently  ad.最近

a long way = much   很,大大

digit n.数字;数码                     digital a.

forecaster n.预测                  forecast n./v.

panel n.小组;仪表盘

poll v./n.调查;民意调查

average vi./n.平均是,平均达到;平均数

particularly ad.尤其是,特别

favorable a.有利的

measure n.衡量标准

slack n./a.不景气,萧条;松弛;懒散

capacity utilization  产能利用

take off  开始;起飞

mild a.温和的

thrilling a.令人兴奋的;刺激的

defective a.有缺陷的                   defect n.

up-end v.推翻;颠覆

A is comparable to B.   A可被比作B。/A可以和B相比。

immediate a.立刻的;直接的

at present = now  现在

be critical of A   对A持批评态度,批评A

be critical to A   对A很重要

puzzle vt.使困惑

be amazed at A   对A感到惊讶

be disappointed at A   对A感到失望

 

W:

Nothing could be further from the truth.   再没有比这更荒唐的了。

This is no flash in the pan.    这绝不是昙花一现。

A is a flash in the pan.     A是昙花一现。

 

1998

Passage One

L:

dam n.水坝

at the mercy of A   任由A的支配,任由A处置

flood n.洪水

drought n.干旱

bid v./n.投标,竞标;竞争;祝愿;命令                      

bidding n.命令;祝愿

do one’s bidding  做某人命令做的事;服从某人的命令

fascinating a.令人着迷的

fascinate vt.使着迷                      fascination n.

blind a.失明的,瞎的;盲目的   vt.使失明;使盲目

giant a.巨大的

threaten to do   可能;威胁

help v.影响

symbol n.象征

assert oneself  坚持自己的观点,坚持自己的权利,表现自己

leadership n.领导地位;领导权;领导能力;领导层

cement vt.加强  n.水泥

deprive sb of sth   剥夺sb的sth

fertile a.肥沃的;多产的

silt n.淤泥

in return for  为了换取;作为...的回报

reservoir n.水库;储备

generate v.产生

myth n.神话                 mythic(al) a.神话的;虚构的

stop short of   差一点,几乎

troop n.部队

contention n.争执,争论                           contend v.

complex n.综合建筑

usual a.常见的,通常的

go-ahead n.许可,支持

give the go-ahead to A   许可A,支持A

wrong-headed a.固执己见的,执迷不悟的;错误的

advisor n.顾问

hardship n.困难,艰难

destruction n.毁灭,破坏                          destroy v.

far from   一点都不;远离

proper = appropriate  a.合适的;恰当的

impact n.影响;冲击

resolve v.解决                            resolution n.解决;决心

conflict n./v.冲突

hydroelectric a.水电的

irrigation n.灌溉                  irrigate v.

shut v.关闭

the sighted  视力正常的

the blind  失明者

eyesight = vision  n.视力

concerning = regarding = about  prep.关于

strengthen vt.加强

tie n.联系,关系;领带,领结

spill v.(spilt, spilt)泼,洒

 

S:

Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of floods and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fasci­nating.

很可能正是人类长期以来任由洪水和干旱支配的苦难,使得强迫各种水体服从我们的命令这一理想变得如此有吸引力。

 

W:

Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like A.

现代科技的产物中,A最令人神往/A最引人注目。

Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like nuclear plants.

现代科技的产物中,核电厂最引人注目。

 

But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind.  但是着迷有时候会意味着变得盲目。

 

The lesson from A is that ...    A带给我们的教训是...

The lesson from global warming is that man cannot be concerned only with himself.

全球变暖带给我们的教训是,人类不能只关心自己。

 

A short of B   缺乏B的A

people short of ambition   缺乏抱负的人

areas short of talent  缺乏人才的地方

 

Passage Two

L:

revival n.复苏,复兴,复活                      revive v.

tale n.故事

establish v.证实,证明

productivity n.生产力;生产率

preside over  主持;管理,主导,支配

for real = real  a.真的,非虚构的

official a.官方的;正式的  n.官员

discouraging a.令人沮丧的

lump together  堆起来,加起来

on average  ad.平均

previous a.先前的,之前的

acceleration n.加速                      accelerate v.

rebound n./v.反弹

bound n./v.跳跃

cycle n.周期,循环

conclusive a.结论性的

underlying a.潜在的;在下面的;基本的

trend n.趋势

treasury n.金库

treasure n.金银,宝贝,宝藏

treasury secretary  (美国)财政部长

the mass of  大部分,大多数

a mass of  大量的

anecdote n.逸闻趣事,传闻

point to  表明

leap n./v.跳跃,飞跃

picture n.情况

reengineering n.再设计,重组

downsize v.裁员

overall a.总的,整体的

drive v.推动,驱使

joint a./n.联合的,共同的;结合,结合处

switch v./n.转变,转换,调换;开关

matter vi.重要

speculative a.猜测的;投机的                           speculate v.

ineptly ad.无能地                 inept a.

suppose v.假设;认为                 supposition n.

chain n.连锁;连锁店;锁链

bakery n.面包房

café n.快餐店

crude a.粗糙的

in many cases  在很多情况下

revenue n.收入;税收

apply v.应用;申请                    application n.

mechanistic a.机械的

fashion n.方式,方法;时尚,流行

chop v.劈,砍;削减

give thought to A   考虑A

sufficient a.足够的,充分的                      sufficiency n.

long-term  a.长期的

profitability n. 盈利率(性),盈利(收益)能力

blunt a.直率的;钝的

dismiss A as B   把A看做B

consultant n.顾问

ambulance chasing  趁人之危

at a turning point   在转折点上

exclude v.排除;排斥

fall short of one’s expectations   未达到某人的期望

meet one’s expectations   达到某人的期望

anticipation = expectation  n.预期,期望                 anticipate v.

state n.状态,情况

raise a question  提出一个问题

wonder v.想知道

misleading a.误导的                           mislead v.

statement n.陈述

state v.陈述

radical a.根本的,基本的;彻底的;激进的

a sure way = an effective way  一种有效的方式

a bunch of  一帮;一簇,一束

good-for-nothing  废物

 

S:

There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.

正如财政部长罗伯特.鲁宾所说,在表明生产力飞跃的大多数商业传闻,和这些数据所反映的情况之间,出现了脱节。

 

Passage Three

L:

uneasy a.不安的,令人不安的

easy a.容易的;自在的;安逸的

aspect n.方面

trial n.审判;实验,尝试

rebelling a.叛逆的;反叛的                       rebel n./v.

the Catholic Church 天主教

poet n.诗人

harsh a.尖刻的;严酷的;严厉的

remark n./v.评论,言辞

worldview n.世界观

schism n.分裂

humanities n.人文学科

humanity n.人类;人性

the scientific community  科学界

afford v.买得起

can afford to do ...   能负担起做...的后果,能做...

funding n.资助                           fund v.

anti-science  n.反科学

notably = especially  ad.尤其是

superstition n.迷信                      superstitious a.

mathematician n.数学家

voice v.表达

flight n.逃离,逃跑;飞行;航班

assemble v.召集,聚集,集合            assembly n.

find fault with A   挑A的毛病

sociologist n.社会学家

philosopher n.哲学家

objectivity n.客观                       objective a.

be concerned with  关心;担心

believe in  信仰;相信

ghost n.鬼

phenomena n.(复数)现象

phenomenon n.(单数)现象

contradict v.与...抵触,不相一致

survey n./v.调查

reveal v.表明;透露

tag n. = label 标签   v.贴标签

attach v. 附上,结,系,缚,拴,扎牢;贴

authorities n.权威人士;当局;政府

advocate v.倡导

elimination n.消灭;消除;淘汰                      eliminate v.

stock n.库存,储备

smallpox n.天花

virus n.病毒

Republicans n.共和党人

apply to A   适用于A

dispute v.质疑;对...有争议

term n.措辞,术语,说法

manifesto n.声明,宣言

scorn v./n.讽刺

long for  渴望

pre-technological a.技术时代之前的

utopia n.乌托邦

environmentalist n.环境保护论者,环保主义者

inevitably ad.不可避免地                   inevitable a.

critic n.批评者;评论者

argue v.争辩,争论;认为

pioneer n.先驱,先行者,先锋

studies n.研究

global a.全球的;整体的

depletion n.消耗,耗尽

ozone layer  n.臭氧层

epithet n.说法,称号

in danger of   处在...的危险中,有可能

meaningless a.无意义的

note v.指出

have sth in common  有某个共同点

annoy = irritate  vt.激怒

enlightened a.开明的,得到启迪的

confrontation n.对立,对抗

contempt n./v.轻视,轻蔑

sympathy n.同情

exemplify v.举例说明,说明

blame v./n.谴责,责备

essay n.文章

politician n.政治人物;政客

be subject to    容易,倾向于

tag/label A as B  把A看做B,给A扣一顶B的帽子

justifiable = justified = reasonable  a.合理的

impartial a.不偏不倚的,客观的

subjective a.主观的                            subjectivity n.

bias n./v.偏见

 

S:

The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.

本世纪,科学和人文学科之间的分裂,如果说发生过什么事的话,那么发生的事就是这种分裂变深了。

 

But surely that does not mean environmentalists con­cerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News &World Report last May seemed to suggest.

但是当然,这并不意味着,那些担心无节制的工业增长的环保论者,如去年五月的《美国新闻与世界报道》的一篇文章似乎暗示的那样,是反科学。

(文章说环保论者是反科学,作者对此并不认同。)

 

W:

Few would dispute that...   毫无疑问,无可争议

Few would dispute that global warming has taken place.   毫无疑问,全球变暖已经发生。

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