sweetheart的博客

Unit 1 Making a difference
Period 1   Warming up & Listening & Speaking

Step 4 Language points
1. undertake 着手作;从事自己承办;决定或同意去作
eg.   undertake a task 开始进行一项任务
2. analysis: 分析；分解
eg.   chemical analysis 化学分析   
an analysis of the milk 对牛奶的分析
The analysis of the samples on the murder spot showed some valuable clues to the police.对谋杀现场标本的分析为警察提供了一些有价值的线索。
3. obvious   明显的容易感到或理解的;十分明显的
eg. It is obvious that she is very clever. 很明显，她挺聪明。
Indeed, there are many obvious advantages to a five-day week.
的确,实行五天工作制有许多明显的优点。
4. within 在…之内在或进入里面；在内部
在里面,在心中在内心、灵魂或思想中
    eg. within doors在屋内
within oneself在心里
within five days五天之内
remain within reach (call, hearing, sight)留在附近(叫得应, 听得见, 看得到的地方)
live within one's income量入为出
keep it within bounds保持在限制范围内
5. branch   支部,支局商行或组织的分支
eg. the various branches of learning各门学科
a Party branch党支部
branch store分店
The company's head office is in the city, but it has branches all over the country. 公司的总部在这个城市，但它的分公司遍布全国各地。
6. debate 辩论关于相反观点的讨论;争辩
辩论(通过讨论对立的观点)       
eg.         beyond debate无疑义, 无可争辩讨论, 争论, 辩论
Congressional debate国会辩论记录文件(美政府出版物)
hold debate with oneself独自考虑
the debates (议会的)讨论报告
debate upon a question 讨论(问题)
The government is debating the education laws.政府正在就教育法进行辩论。
7.mind 有头脑的人
eg.    He’s one of the greatest minds of the age.他是当代最有才智的人。
8. be on fire for sth= be interested in sth.对… 有渴望，热望

Step 5 Quiz
1. She undertook ____ the names of the people involved.
A. at not publishing   B. not to publish
C. not publish         D. for not publish
2. Babies are curious ___ everything around them.
A. to   B. for   C. about   D. at
3. ___ is no doubt that he is at last.
A. There B. got C. That D. This
4. Although they are twins, they have little ___ in qualities.
A. in common B. in turn C. in advance D. in time
5. We will have to __ eath other to see whether art is more important than science.
A. discuss B. talk with C. argue D. debate
6. The girl is similar ___ her mother in character.
A. in B. with C. to D. on
7. Albert Einstein is known ___ Theory of Relativity.
A. as B. to C. for D. in

Period 2 Reading
     NO BOUNDARIES
Aims: 1、Understand the whole passage by reading and finding some useful informatiom.
        2、Try to learn about Stephen Hawking’s life and his theory.
Pre-reading:
     Scan the text to answer the following questions
1、 Why did Stephen Hawking need a PhD?
2、 When and why did Hawking become famous?
3、 When did Hawking visit Beijing?
While-reading(careful reading):
Step 1、Read the text and discuss the following questions
1、 How would most people feel when they were told that they had an incurable disease？
2、 According to Hawking，how do people misunderstand science？
3、 What are thebasic steps of the scientific method？
4、 What is it that Hawking does not like about his speech computer？
Further understanding and check：
Step 2、(a，b，c)
a、 Mutible choice
1、 Read the quote in the text again. When was Hawking told about his disease?
A、 Twelve months earlier
B、 When he was getting married
C、 Two years earlier
D、When he met Jane Wilde
         2、According to Hawking，science is         .
A、never true        B、always changing       C、always true
         3、A scientific theory is good if         .
A、 it is difficult
B、 it can be tested      
C、 it can predict future events
         4、Why did Hawking think：“There did not seem much point in working on my PhD”？
A、 Because there was no point in being a PhD
B、 Because there was nohope of being a PhD      
C、 Because he thougth he would die soon
D、 Because he had no place to work
         5、According to the passage，what does“an American accent”mean？
A、Hawking’s accent          B、Hawking’s voice
C、Sounds translated by the computer
D、Accent of some British people
b、 Correct
1、 Stephen Hawking is a famous scientist from the Unite States._______
2、 Stephen Hawking was born disabled._________
3、 Stephen Hawking believed that he could survive from his terrible illness.________
4、 Hawking travelled around the world just to enjoy the rest of his life._________
5、 Hawking’s research work is mainly about time and space._________
c、 Blank filling
1、 Hawking got an incurable disease when he was ____________________
2、 Hawking needed a job in order to __________________
3、 In the year _________ , Hawking visited China.
4、 In 1988, Hawking wrote A Brief History of Time, which quickly _________________________________________
5、 Hawking wrote about his work in a way that ______________________________.
Integrated understanding:
Step 3
1、which of the following best express the main idea of the text?
A、 Hawking is famous for his new discoveries.
B、 People should come to terms with their fate.
C、 A scientific theory is always wrong.
D、 Anyone with great determination will achieve his success.
2、From the text, we can infer that _________
A、 Hawking got married to Jane Wilde before he fell ill.
B、 Science is always true.
C、 Hawking is an American.
D、 Great scientists always want to know more.
Post reading
Group work Ex. 3 on P4
How to use the scientific methods to solve the following problems?

Period 3 Language points
               NO BOUNDARIES
Aims: 1、Understand the key and dificult sentences
2、Master the language points

Step 1 Preview: find out the key phrases

1、超过      2、放弃梦想3、一个有出息的研究生       
4、一留大学 5.继续工作，从事6、对……的希望    7、走过，过去         
8、与……订婚   9、继续某种行为10、阻止……做11、过这种生活
12、梦想，梦见   13、做演讲14、驰名天下的轮椅15、通过电脑
16、对……的想法17、在20世纪70年代早期18、对……的新发现
19、寻找问题的答案20、宇宙的本性21、一本畅销书
22、很高兴做23、根据，依据24、在另一方面25、证明是，结果是，原来是
26、用一种实用的方法27、听起来像28、对……满意

Step 2   Discussion
1、 Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamt of.    
Step 3 language points
1、 There is no/some/much point in doing sth..
做……没有作用或意义
        point n.(通常用复数)要点，作用，用处，道理，意义
Is there any point in asking him? 有必要问他吗？
There is not much point in complaining. 埋怨也没有什么用。
Ex. a、继续争执下去没有什么意义。

   b、没有必要担心。

补充： There seems to be…     There appears to be…
There used to be… There is said to be…
There is no need to do sth.It is no use/good doing sth.
2、 be/get engaged to sb 和……订婚
eg. She has been engaged to a young man with a lot of money.
   她已经和一个很有钱的年轻人结婚了。
   be engaged in sth/doing sth 忙于做，致力于
eg. The scientist is engaged in doing an experiment.
   The line is engaged now.
Ex. a. She ________ ___________ _______ ______ _______ _______(忙着写一封信), when I went to visit her.
   b. Tom _____ _____ _________ _________ ______ ______ ______(将和一位漂亮的女孩订婚)
3、 nor did he…
(1) nor 是否定意义的副词，意思是“也不，也没有”，当nor, badly, never, by no means, in no way, seldom, not only 等表示否定意义的词或短语放在句首时，句子要倒装。
Eg. Seldom do I go to the cinema now.
   现在我很少去看电影。
   Hardly had I sat down when the bell rang.
我刚坐下，就打铃了。
        （2）dream of/about sth /doing sth 梦想，梦到做……
             dream 的过去式，过去分词为dreamt, dreamt /
dreamed, dreamed
eg. I have never dreamt of seeing you here.
我没想到会在这儿见到你。
He dreaned that he became a bird and flew in the sky.
他梦想自己变成了一只鸟在天空飞。
          Ex. a. 我不了解这个事情，我也不关心。

b. 我决不接受这个不公平的协议。(the unfair agreement)

c. 这个小孩一直梦想成为一名警察。

4、 seek vt. 寻找，寻求，追求
寻求建议_________________
寻求真理_________________
seek to do sth.设法做……
         eg. He always seeks to realise his dream in one night.
他总试图一夜之间实现自己的梦想。
Seek for 寻找，寻求
I have no interest in my present job, so I’m seeking for a new one.
我对目前的工作不感兴趣，所以我想找个新的。
Seek after 追求，企图得到
It is dangerous for him to seek after nothing but money.

Seek one’s fortune 发财，碰运气
Ex. If you ________ finish the task on time, you must _______ help from others.
        A、seek to, seek for          B、seek to, ask
        C、seek, seek for            D、seek to, seek after
5、 on the other hand
“另一方面，然而，但是”用以引出矛盾的两个方面；有时和on (the) one hand连用，也可单独使用。
Eg. Food here is cheaper than in Britain; clothing on the other hand , is more expensive.
    这里的食物比英国便宜，但衣服比较贵。
   The hotel has a good view of the sea, but on the other hand it costs a lot.
   这家旅馆是观海的好住处，然而房租太高。
6、 turn out 结果是，证明是
turn out + adj./adv./n./to be/从句
sb. Turns out (to be) + adj./adv./n. = It turns out that 从句
eg. The English evening turned out (to be) a great success.
   这个英语晚会结果非常成功。
   She turned out (to be) a friend of my sister.
   她原来是我妹妹的朋友。
   It turned out that she had never been married.
   她竟然没结过婚。
Turn out 也表示“逐出，解雇，生产，制造，培养，熄灭”
Ex. a. 他说的话证明是真的。

   b. 这个计划结果归于失败。

找出和turn有关的其他短语：______________ ______________
                          ______________ ______________
                          ______________ ______________
7、…find it difficult to understand him.
(1) 结构 find it + adj/n.+to do
其中it是形式宾语，adj./n.用作宾语补足语，真正宾语是不定式短语。当用作宾语的不定式短语带有宾语补足语时，要用it做形式宾语，而把不定式短语后移，常用这个句型的动词主要有think, consider, make, find, feel等。
         Eg. I think it necessary to practise spoken English.
She feels it her duty to take good care of the children.
(2) 相关链接
当宾补为no good, no use等词时，真正的宾语一般用doing.
He thought no use trying to persuade them.
他认为想说服他们没有用。
         Ex. I don’t think ___ possible to master English without ______ practice.
A、that, much                 B、which, enough
C、it, much                   D、it, a number of

Step 4 quiz
1、 我再也没见到他，也没收到他的信。（nor）

2.老师在会议上所说的话证明对我们很有用。（turn out）

3.耗时没有用。（There is no point in doing…）

改错：
4、It is believed that the best theory may be turned out to be wrong as the time goes by.                                          ____________
5、People found that difficult to understand him.             _____________

【基础演练】
一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。
1．Medicine should not be left w_____ reach of small children.
2．I’m________ (极渴望的 )to know what he said.
3．Many writers and artists have drawn their _________ (灵感) from nature.
4．After a long d______ the bill was passed.
5.When you are in tuouble, you can s _____ advice from your friends.
6.Can you imagine living without ______ (引力 )?
7.She was wearing a brown dress with hat and gloves to _____ (相配)。
8．The fence marks the b_____ between my land and his.
二．单项填空：
1． They are now in great need of help. So your support will certainly make a ______.
A．deal     B．decision     C.point     D． difference
2．The climbers are ______after the long and hard trip. They need rest and food badly.
A． used up   B．made up    C．given out   D．run out
3． It has been raining every day so far. I hope tomorrow will ______fine.
A． turn to    B．turn up     C．turn into    D． turn out
4． Children are naturally ______about everything around them.
A． curious   B．worried     C.interes   D．serious
5． ______ no doubt ______he can win the game this time.
A．There’s; that   B．There’s; whether
C．It’s; that   D．It’s; whether
6． To our delight she quickly adapted herself ______ the situation.
A． with    B． of    C．to    D．into
7． He ______badly injured in the accident and was taken to hospital immediately.
A． made    B．got   C.received      D．suffered
8．In order to keep their trade ______, they would have to buy less goods in the United States.
A． balanced   B．balancing   C．to balance   D.being balanced
9．The old lady ______making clothes for her neighbor’s children.
A．engaged to   B．was engaged to C．engaged in    D.was engaged in
10． I never dreamed of there ______such a quiet place in the noisy city.
A．was    B． had been     C．being    D．to be
11．What do you think it is ____made them realize the importance of mastering a second language?
   A.what B. who C.which D.that
12．Never____ realised that water is so precious
A had I B .I   C have I D did I
13.She looks forward every spring to ___the flower-lined garden .
A.paying a visit B.visit C walking   D walking in
14.She ____the loud speaker so that everyone in the lecture room could hear her .
A. turned on IB .turned up C. turned off D. turned down
15.In my opinion ,this kind of dress ____professional women .
A. is not fit for B.doesn`t fit for C.isn`t suited for D doesn`t suit

Period 4   Language Study
Aims: 1. Word study
2. Grammar of the infinitive
Step 1 Word study
1. Finish the exercise on page 5.
2. Some words: seek use up be lost take measures. every 76 years match

1). seek     seek sought sought
（1）搭配: seek sth. 寻找，征求, 谋求某东西   
             seek to do sth.（= attempt to do sth.） 设法做某事
             seek after/ for sth . 寻找,找到或得到…, 探索
             seek sb./ sth. out   找出或找到某人(事物)
seek one’s fortune 寻找致富或成功之道
seek through找遍
seek one’s home回家
seek one’s bed就寝
seek help求助
   （2） seek可用作及物动词, 也可用作不及物动词. 用作不及物动词时, 后常接介词for或after. 例如:
     Most men seek wealth; all men seek happiness.
     大多数人寻求财富; 每个人都追求幸福.
     He seeks your advice.
     他请求你给他一些忠告.
    Young people like to seek (after/for) success in life.
年轻人喜欢探索人生的成功之途
The explanation is not far to seek.
这种解释不难理解.
   Ex. I have never sought ______ my views.
       A. hiding B. to hide C. hiddening D. to be hidden

2） use sth. up 用尽，设法利用
              耗尽，使衰竭
eg. I’ve used up all the money.
   She used up the chicken bones to make soup.
   use up all one’s strength, energy, etc. 耗尽体力，精力等
3) Law of Gravity

4) take measures: 采取措施
eg. The authorities took measures to prevent tax fraud.
当局已采取措施防止偷税漏税。
5) observe
observe后可接名词作宾语, 也可接that从句, 它还是个感官动词, 可以说observe sb do/doing sth, 被动结构为be observed to do. 例如:
    As a child, he liked to observe the behaviour of insects.
他小时候喜欢观察昆虫的习性. (接名词)
   I spent some time ______________________.
    我花了一些时间观察它们的生活习惯. (接名词)
    She ____________________________on the opposite side of the way.
    她看到一个人在路那边走着. (接复合宾语)
    They _______________________________.
    有人看见他们走进大厅去了. (接现在分词)
    The woman ________________________________.
    有人看到那女子紧跟着他. (被动语态中接带to的不定式)
    He_____________________________.
    他看见有人开门. (接复合宾语)
    The boy observed ____________________________.
    这男孩子注意到他们之间发生的情况. (接从句)
注：在正式文体中, observe还有 “遵守; 应祝”的意思. 例如:
       We must observe these principles in our action.
       在行动上我们必须遵循这些原则.
       Do you observe Christmas in you country?
       你们国家过圣诞节吗?
  
6) match/ suit/ fit
7) the crime scene

Step 2 Grammar   The Infinitive
动词不定式
动词不定形式：to+动词原形；或者省略to.
没有人称和数量的变化，具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中作谓语以外的成分。
1．作主语：What does it mean to be a scientist?
2．作宾语：People who listen to Hawking’s lecture find it difficult to understand him.
3．作表语：Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood.
4．作宾语补足语: He told me to bring some books for you.
5．作定语：The doctor told him he might not have more than twelve months to live.
6．作结果状语：Readers were pleased and surprised to find that a scientist could write about this work in a way that ordinary people could understand.
7．目的状语：In order to get married, I needed a job, and in order to get a job, I needed a PhD.
8．某些固定的形容词搭配用于口语中，例如：Glad to meet you. Sorry to trouble you.
9．和常见的疑问词搭配作动词的宾语，相当于宾语从句（宾语从句的主语和主句的主语要一致）。
例如：
I don’t know what to say/what I should say. Could you tell me when to start/when I should start?

Exercises
A． Point out the uses of infinitives in the following sentences.
1) It is difficult to describe the universe.
2) They want to build a theory to explain the movement.
3) I find it difficult to work on my PhD.
4) My job today is to get these cars washed.

B． Translate the following into English.
1) 我发觉《时间简史》很难懂。你有什么简单一点的书可推荐吗？
_________________________________________________________________
2) 我弟弟常上网查资料。
_________________________________________________________________
3）你要做的就是遵守这些规则。
_________________________________________________________________
4）他正期望着被邀请参加Kate的生日聚会。
_________________________________________________________________
Step 3 quiz
1.The more questions she thought of ____,the happier she was .
A.asking B asked C to ask D ask
2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____in the kitchen.
A. smoke   B. smoking   C.to smoke   D. smoked
3. ---Is your daughter studying for an examination ?
--- Yes , he`s ____it next week .
A.doing B.making C.to give D.to take
4. --Here is a new schoolbag for you .
   --Thank you ,Mum ,but there is no need ______a new one for me .
A.to buy B.to have bought C.buying D bought
5. ______, a form must be filled in first .
A. To ask for this job .B. In order to get his job
C.Making request for this job . D.If you want to get this job .
6. He is said ___abroad ,but I don`t know which country he studied in .
A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying