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考研范畴词汇——词汇部分

 

主讲人：史劲松老师

词汇好比一个人的肌肉和弹跳力，没有对词汇的深刻理解谈不上考试技巧；没有它，一个人也更谈不上竞技上的奔跑和速度了。

一，             识词-范畴词汇

（考研考试语料选篇四大类：商业经济类，前沿科学，biomass=

schools of fishes

(海洋、环保、人文、自然)文tropical

rainforests

化教育，综合类）

医学类

medicine   医学界

medicine circle

academic circle

military circle

press circle

entertainment --

 

bypass     搭桥术

shortcut 捷径

has pioneered

首开先河

artery     动脉

fatty

2 blocks away

block=silt up

lock

sands

deposit=

attached to

wall

bypass

vein        静脉

vessel     血管

blood thirsty

=嗜血的

shed tissue

恶露

shed blood

tea kettle

=流血

boxing

fox-hunting

bear-biting

1,ship=

2,utensil=器皿

procedure  手术

operation

actor

dr

1,pro

  intonation

2,spelling

  castles

3,lexical

4,logical

ab-ate=lessen

the flickers of

ob-scenity=

pornograph

 

 

web sites

violence

superficial

go astray

offensive

eu=europe

than=faster than

enforcement=

carryout

 

asia

legal=lawful

wholesale

retail

Holland

Neatherland

Wind-mill

shed

eu-than-asia

=kind death

=mercy killing

 

hero=主角

heroine

spiderman

physician  医生

surgeon =

physician

undergo    做（指病人）

=saw

=witness

China ___  GCR

perform    做（指医生）

upper passage (上呼吸道)

waterway=

vote==veto

否决

loop--pool

lobster

gossip

piss

fucking head

hell damn

bloody

lower

 

physical therapist

methodology

cooking

soap

therapy = recipe = treatment

dis- =not

disinterest=

gernerous

be uninterested

dis-integrate = die off = perish

union

state

organization

theory

 

 

elementary==

primary school

grammar

secondary 继发性（感染）

high school

diagnose 诊断

home---self

be home to

homicide 自杀

sui-side

skelenton    骷髅 骨架

outline==

carbohydrate 碳水化合物

 

eternal   永生

ring

wedding ceremony

high dose 高剂量

AI=

artificial

intelligence

cell==life

lung

kidney

transplant

 foreign  异体

decept=fraud=

make up

deceive=fabricated=frake

baby boom

welfare

the elderly=

the gray=

the weakness

disabled

 

conception=

pregnant =

expectant

妊娠

attack发作=shock

heart attack

（sun）stroke 中风

bacteria  细菌=

polluted=

contaminant

tissue 组织

texture

secret 分泌物

gland腺体

epidemic 流行

plague

black death

mouth-and-teeth

SARS

Concept

De---down

Denote===

Con- com-=with,

Together

compose

Conform to=

suspected疑似的

confirmed确诊的

egg受精卵

sperm精子

ovum卵子

womb

fetus胎儿

reproductive

system 生殖系统

obstetrician 妇科医生

tumor肿瘤

cancer

humor

symptom症状

Primary Minister

Blair

miniature

at maximum==

at most

at minimum=

at least

minute

sample=

subject=

volunteer=

interviewee=？

 

Examinee

addressee

 

交通类

crash

=accident

1, speed

2, passenger

3, night

4, greenhand

license

adult monitor

penalty

=----------

expressway

1, modification

modify-ing

magnifying

2, auto

traffic island 环岛

freight fee

       运费

cargo

shipment     运货

shipper       托运商

fee

destiny   命运 归宿地          

destination   目的地

（steering ）wheel 方向盘

stern    船尾

Mobil

auto=

vehicle=

car

crash  车祸

part 零件

casual wear

 

casualty 死伤人数

panel

furnish data  to ?

=inform…of

= enter

=log

=press the button on the keyboard

inertia  惯性

toll gate

onramp 引道（高速公路）

interrupt  

intersection十字路口

brake刹车

=cooling down

ignite torch=

missile

launch=starts

donator

accelerate

=speed up

clutch离合器=

switch

zebra斑马线

lane（双行）道

electronically

= automatically

=without manual=？

Labor

natural

license=certificate 证书

政治类

top layer = executive = policy makers=government =superior =Congress

legitimate  合理的

legislation  立法

judiciary    司法

instability 不稳定 ,动荡

municipality市政的

patent专利

appoint任命

recommendation 提名

veto=deny否决

ballot无记名投票

decentralized 非中央集权的

authorities 官方

check and balance 制约和平衡

table   提案

passage 通过

resign  下台

community民间

feudal monarchy 封建体制

laxness= ?无效率

deport     驱逐

tighten up  = ? 加强

sector=line=organization=? 行业

sue           上诉

subordinate 服从，下级

successor   继任者

环保类

toxic =harmful =poisonous =contaminant = polluted 

edible可食用

conservative 

processing 加工的

invalid    伤残的 病弱的

parameter  参数

nature    先天

nurture   后天

ozone     臭氧

plague    瘟疫

husbandry畜牧业

marine   海洋的

predator = killer ，

biomass

carbon  dioxide 二氧化碳

concerned  with……研究的是

law       规则、法则

degradable可降解的

demographer人口学家

tentative   尝识性的

经济类

dividend  股息

bonus红利

revenue收入

fund拨款

subsidiary拨款

fluctuate=ups and downs=?

swing

decline

standstill停滞

depression，gloomy

bleak

looming

recession

recovery

boom

prosperous=  ?

gene pool

downscale=downsizing

haves=? 发达国家

have-nots落后国家

inventory库存

Parliament政府（议会）

concentration=combination =consolidation= merger集约化

squeeze 衰败

myth=tale=fiction ?

hamper=block=obstacle

spur刺激

security 证券业

re-engineering重组

economies     各国经济

unparalleled=unsurpassed

devalued贬值

business cycle商业周期

products & services 制造业和   ？

reap =harvest 收获

industrialized=developed  corporate 商界

stake风险（资金）

capital / labour  party （ 劳）方

社科类

elite

fabricate=make up捏造

distinct区别

natural selection物竞天择

cosmology宇宙学

manipulation操作

counterpart=对应物

core =home= heart本质

publicity舆论界

pioneer先驱

implicit内涵

elderly=senior

insecurity不安定感

individual=taker=subject

=sample 样本

assumption=hypothesis

diversity多样性

elementary=primary

industry=?行业

fulfillment履行

make sense有道理

envisage=predict

victim 牺牲品

culture community spectrum field  circle scope

教育类

school system校方

dramatization生动性

superficial肤浅

superstition迷信

flaw缺陷

credit学分

discourse交谈

fit 适合

publication出版

distribution发行

science理科

art文科

discipline科目

religious礼仪的

politics交往之道

doctrine原则

incorporated割裂的incomprehensible令人费解的comprehensive全面的

spiritual精神的

pursuit追求

impetus动力

enrollment入学

primitive =tribal原始的

culture文化

褒义的 贬义的 中性的

impressive 印象深刻的

reliable  可靠的

insidious  阴险的

anguish   痛苦

adverse  不利的

aggravate  恶化

distorted  歪曲的

exaggerate 夸大

其它

typically，typical，

二、考词

1，听力中的词汇特点

A，         经典话题及核心词汇

对话：房屋租赁与维修类；求职应聘策略与求职面试；旅游与度假；休闲娱乐与社区服务；文化活动；看病就医；校园服务设施、服务与活动；图书馆设施与服务；提供个人信息；指路和地点；购物；校园内外就餐。

段落：大学教育体系；课程咨询；论文写作咨询及指导；饮食健康与疾病防范；环境与资源；企业招聘与公司运作；人物传记；英美文化。

B，         词汇复现效应（原词、同义、近义、上下义、互补，部分与整体）

furniture—table，chair，refrigerator………. inexpensive=cheap

suburb=outskirt，fitness center=fitness suit ，

international = from around the world

C，         语法衔接效应

1)人称照应；2）指示照应；3）替代照应 4）逻辑联系语（注意收听）

D， 背诵与默写（语音、语调）

2．阅读理解（含快速和仔细阅读）中的词汇特点

(一) 关键词汇把握 

1) 起承转合词汇指明9大关系

表示递进、强调、相似、对比、时间、因果（解释说明）、转折、举例，总结9 大关系必须熟练掌握,帮助速读！

2) 抓“题眼词汇”,“高频词汇”，得分更轻松！

1，转折处but，yet, however, the opposite is，the truer is….., though, despite,

while

2，“三最”最佳否定，肯定，判断

no, most, worst, indeed, inevitably, must, revolutionary, fundamental

3, 状语 nowadays, new, today, lately, these days, fresh，lately，currently，

at the beginning of this year….

4，否定词

not uncommon, nobody will deny….., more, far, not least ,

undoubtedly,  did’t…without…., it’s no secret that ____........

5，现在时态 is, has, will, can,

   过去时态？虚拟语气？

6，人名，组织，实验，数据，阿拉伯数字

Pr Smith, *** University,  senior  source, critic, experiment，Dr， 72%,189,000，3/4......

7，贬义词（褒义词，中性词）

paradox, not coincident with…… conflicting, sad to say, assumption that….., distorted, take__ for granted,

8, 虚拟语气could, were, would, might, if ……

(二) 语义场（上义词，下义词，反义词，互补表达，概括表达）

阅读考点命题办法：

词性转化；逻辑转化；句型压缩

1) 原文devise= 答案innovate

2) invention= devise

3) restructure = re-engineering

4) ultimately depends on____   = 题干陈述  the most important is____

5) on drawing board = is planning

6) _甲___may have more to do with__乙__ =甲____ may chiefly responsible for_乙

三、用词

 一）用词的丰富性

 名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、词组、句型

1. more and more ( a large variety of, a growing number of , a good many

of，increasing number of ……)

2. people ( Pr, Dr, educationalist, researcher, specialist, expert……)

3. old people (senior, the gray, the elderly, the experienced……)

4， for example (To illustrate this，……is a leading example. In the case of……) 

5．we must (few people won’t refuse……)

 6．happy (delighted, cheerful, hearted……)

7．I think ( S+ hold, contend, comment, maintain……或用被动句)

8.  often (frequently, more often than not, tend to, be inclined to, typically……)horribly, illogically, ironically, wholly, strangely, badly, arguably,  unexpectedly, cheerfully, reasonably, truly……

9， 数词

附录一、文化点

Congress, Senator, Representative, cabinet, Lord, Common, Sunny belt, Renaissance, Golden Age, Baby Boom, lobbyist, She, scapegoat, Appalachian, Yellowstone, Gold Rush, Medieval age, the Settlers, the Interior, the Father，The Institution, FBI, CIA, OPEC, INS……

附录二、俚语及搭配

On the rope，take off the gloves，flash  in the pan, good game in the

 town, raise eyebrows.......

附录三、记忆单词

  1、语音语调   

  2、拼写     

  3、词性转化

  4、逻辑意思及深度理解（文化感）