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二、【要点解读】

1. besides prep. 除…以外（还有）   ad. 还有，此外（一般用于句子之前）

[典型例句]

Besides literature, we have to study history and philosophy.

除了文学，我们还得学历史和哲学。

It's too late to go to the football match now; besides, it's beginning to snow.

现在去看足球比赛已经太晚了，何况，又开始下雪了。

[词语辨析]

▲besides与beside的区别

作介词时,两词词义有别。beside意为"在....旁边"。besides还可作副词,但beside只作介词。

I'd like to sit beside you, you know. 

你知道,我愿意坐在你旁边。

Besides knowing some Greek, she was fluent in Italian.

她除了懂些希腊语之外,意大利语也说得很流利。

▲besides与except、but以及except for的区别

1） besides意为"除...之外"(包括后者在内)，通常与other，also等词连用。

What other languages do you know besides English?

除了英语之外，你还懂什么语言?

Besides being wrong, your proposed action is also unwise.

你所建议的行动不仅是错误的，而且是很不明智的。

2）except意为"除...之外"(不包括后者在内)

They all went to sleep except the young Frenchman. 

除那个年轻的法国人外，他们都睡着了。

注:在否定句中，当表达"不包括后者在内"时，也可用besides。

No one passed except / besides Richard. 

除了理查德外,谁也没有考及格。 

此外，except后可接从句作宾语，也可接不定式作宾语。当其前的动词是实义动词do及其变化形式时，不定式常省去to。

He hasn't changed at all except that he is no longer so talkative.

他一点也没有变，只是不像以前那样爱说话了。

She always goes to school by bike except when it rains. 

除非天下雨，她总是骑自行车上学。

The bear has no choice except to lie down and sleep.

熊没有别的选择，只好躺下睡觉。

I couldn't do anything except just sit down and hope.

我坐在那儿盼着，简直毫无办法。 

3） but与except同义，表示排除，但but多用在every，any，no等和由这些词构成的复合词如everything，anywhere，nobody等词以后及all，none之后。Everybody was invited to the evening party but/except me.

除我之外，所有人都被邀请参加那次晚会。

Yesterday evening, I had nothing to do but/except watch TV. 昨晚除了看电视,我无事可做。

4） except for意为"除去...之外;只是"，表示对一个人或事物先作一个总体评价，然后就其局部提出一点看法，所排除的不是同一范畴的东西。

Your composition is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes.

除了有几个拼写错误外，你的文章写得很好。

▲besides与apart from的区别

与besides不同之处，apart from既可表示"排除;例外"的含义(相当于except)，也可以表示"包括;补充"的含义(相当于besides)。

The children hardly see anyone apart from their parents.

除了他们的父母，孩子们很少看见其他人。

Apart from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.

除了是有趣和很好的身体锻炼之外，游泳还是一个很有用的技能。

2. impress vt. 留下极深的印象

[基本构词]

impression n. 印象，感觉

impressive adj.予人深刻印象的;感人的;令人钦佩的

[短语搭配]

be impressed by/at/with 被…深深打动/感动

impress sth on/upon sb =impress sb with sth 使某人将某事物铭记在心

impress sth in/on one's memory 使某事铭记在某人心中

[典型例句]

The book impressed a lot of people.

这本书在很多人心中留下深刻印象。

I was deeply impressed by his speech.

他的演讲给我留下深刻印象。

My father impressed on me the value of hard work.

我父亲让我铭记勤劳的价值。

I impressed on him the importance of his work.=I impressed him with the importance of his work.

我向他强调了他的工作的重要性。

3. announce vt. 宣布，宣告

[基本构词]

announcement n. 通告，通知

announcer n. 播音员

[短语搭配]

make an announcement 通告，通知

[词语辨析]

▲announce更接近于汉语“公布”、“告知”的意思，它所涉及的是一件对方原来不知道的事，后接名词或代词或that宾语从句，如：

The accident was announced to his family by telephone.

已将事故用电话告诉了他的家属。

▲declare含有庄严宣告或交代清楚的意思，它所涉及的事不一定是对方所不知道的，除接名词、代词和that宾语从句以外，还可接复合宾语等结构。如：

The accused declared himself to be innocent.

被告宣称自己无罪。

Soon Germany declared war on France.

不久德国对法宣战。

    以上各句中的announce与declare不可互换。但有时两个词用在同一句中都说得通。 如：

The committee announced/declared the results of the experiment. 委员会宣布了实验的结果。

简单地说,同样表示"宣布"的意思，announce用法较为普遍，declare 只用于正式场合。但有时会有大词小用的情况，即英语里的夸张修辞,这时用declare可代替announce。

4. therefore ad. 因此，所以

[词语辨析]

therefore和so的用法比较

▲therefore 在英语中比so更正式化，多用于书面语，是副词，表示“因此，所以”，如：

He has never studied English before, and therefore we should give him more help.

他以前从来没有学过英语，因此我们应该给他更多帮助。

▲so 是连词，通常用于口语中比较随便的场合，表示“因而，所以”。如：

He has never studied English before, so we should give him more help.

他以前从来没有学过英语，所以我们应该给他更多的帮助。

5. force vt. 强迫，迫使 n. 力量

[短语搭配]

force sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事

[典型例句]

The porter had to force the window open.

门房只好用力硬把窗户打开。

Don’t force your child to play the piano if he doesn’t want to.

如果你小孩不想弹钢琴就不要强迫她。

[词语辨析]

force, power, energy和strength的用法比较

▲force 多指外力，如武力，暴力，魄力, 势力，用于复数表示军队。如：

The Qing Dynasty was finally overthrown by the people by force.

清朝政府最终被人们用武力推翻了。

Our forces have at last defeated the enemy.

我们的军队最终战胜了敌人。

▲power多指势力、能力、本事；也可指功率、动力、电力等。如：

The manager in the company has special power to deal with urgent affairs alone.

这家公司的经理有特权独自处理紧急事务。

Nowadays, any people in the world are opposed to the use of nuclear power.

如今，世界上许多人反对使用核能。

▲energy 主要指精力，能量，多指自然能量,如natural gas, wind, solar等。如:

After their holidays, these students are full of energy to deal with their studies.

放假回来后，学生们精力充沛地应对学习任务。

▲strength 主要指力量，强度，尤指身体、精神或道德上的坚强力量或活力，如反抗力、意志力、忍耐性等。如：

His granny was badly ill that she didn’t even have the strength to stand up.

他的奶奶病得厉害，她连站起来的力气都没有。

三、【习题训练】

A组

单项填空  从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. My money is beginning to ______ at the end of this month, so I have to ask my parents to give me more.

A. give in                        B. give out            C. give up                    D. give off

2. Does John know any other foreign language ______ French? 
  A. except                         B. but                    C. besides                     D. beside 

3. We were most impressed ______ her influent English.

  A. in                              B. on                   C. with                        D. upon

4. A robber with a mask over his face ______ her to hand over her necklace and money.

  A. let                             B. forced             C. forbade                   D. made

5. I decided to put your name _______ for basketball club secretary.

   A. on                            B. in                     C. forward                  D. through

6. Pass the book ________ to me when you’ve finished with it.

   A. out                           B. by                    C. on                          D. over

7. It is said that the fingerprints found on the floor will be used to ________ the murderer.

   A. accuse                       B. blame                C. scold                     D. show

8. Several new events ______ the programme in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

A. added                        B. were added        C. added to                 D. were added to

9. Practising Yoga ______ me to become confident and open-minded.

   A. lets                            B. forces               C. allows                    D. enables

10. — How did you find him out ?

   —I ______ his name by chance on a list.

A. came down                B. came about      C. came up                D. came across

B组

完成译文   根据中文原文完成下列各英文译文。（每空限填一个词）

1.有人指控这年轻人犯了谋杀罪。

The young man ______ ______ ______ murder.

2.每个人都应该通过自己的行为为下一代树立榜样。

Everybody should ______ ______ an example to the next generation via his own behavior.

3.最后但同样重要的是我要感谢我的家人一直以来的支持和帮助。

 Last ______ ______ least, I want to thank my family for their support and help.

4.一到达山顶你就会体验到一种幸福感。

______ _____ the top of the mountain, a feeling of happiness will be experienced.

5.老师通过将学生置身于一场著名的战役使历史再现。

  Teachers could ______ ______ ______ by placing students in a famous battle.

6.由于感到恐惧和寒冷，这位时空旅行者开始回到现在。

  ______ _____ ______, the Time Traveller starts back towards the present.

C组

根据中文和首字母提示以及上下文完成句子。

1. Dickens created many wonderful c______ in his novels.

2. Parents should allow children the space to v______ their opinions, even if they are different from their own.

3. If you prepare yourself, you will be able to grasp every possible ______（机会） for broader experience when it appears.

4. The comedian enjoyed great ______（欢迎）during the 30's.

5. Thank you so much for your ______ （拯救）me from an embarrassing situation.

 

Module 5   Unit 1  Getting along with others

一、【学习目标】

1.学习与友谊有关的单词、词组与句型。

2.运用所学词汇读懂与友谊有关的文章，并能就此发表个人观点。

★本单元重要词组：

get along well with sb与某人友好相处      feel betrayed  感到背叛了 be/feel ashamed of 对…感到惭愧        be proud of 以…为自豪 feel like (doing) sth 想, 感觉像              admit doing sth 承认做了某事 keep one’s word 信守诺言                 in trouble 有麻烦，处于困境 go straight to 直奔                       as a result 结果 break one’s word 食言                    focus one’s attention on 集中精力于 yell at sb 对着某人大叫                can’t stand (doing) sth 不能忍受某事 apologize to sb for doing 向某人道歉          blame sb for sth 因为某事而责备某人 can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事        feel jealous of 嫉妒 in public 当众，在公众场合             feel guilty about 因为…感到内疚 before long 不久                       put off 耽搁，推迟 make it 成功                           take care 保重，小心 discourage sb from doing sth                 speaking of 谈到；说到 阻止某人去做某事                        without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 rather than 而不是                        ever since自从那以后 would rather do sth than do sth 宁可…而不…  can’t wait to do sth 等不及去做某事 get through to 打通…的电话            be absorbed in 全神贯注于 have/take different attitudes towards           in the world 到底，究竟 对…有不同的态度                        one another互相 be consistent with 与…一致                 regardless of 不管，不顾 be based on shared activities or interests 建立在共同的兴趣基础之上

二、【要点解读】

1. admit v. 承认，准许（入场，入学，入会）

[基本构词]

admission n. 准许

[短语搭配]

admit (doing) sth 承认

admit to 承认

admit sb to (into) 允许某人进入(某一组织、机构、学校、团体等)

 

[典型例句]

No admission without tickets.

无票不准进入。

He admitted (to) the murder.

他供认了谋杀罪。

He admitted (to) having taken the money.

他承认拿了那笔钱。

How many students have been admitted into the school this year?

今年这所学校有多少学生入学?

[词语辨析]

allow, permit, let和admit的用法区别

▲allow强调”默许“。用法: allow sb to do; allow doing

▲permit有时可与allow通用，不过它更强烈些，用法：permit sb doing ; permit sb to do可用于“明文规定允许或不允许”，如：The policemen permitted him to park here.

▲let与上面两个可以通用，不过更口语话，而且用法不同：let sb do

▲admit 表示“允许进入，接受（入学，入会）等”。用法：admit sb to some place，这里to是介词。另外，admit 还有“承认”的意思。

2. blame n.& v. 责备；责怪

[短语搭配]

blame sb for (doing) sth 责备某人做了某事

blame sth on sb= put/lay the blame on sb 把某事归咎于某人

be to blame (for) 应(为…)承担责任; 该(为…)受责备（不能用被动语态）

accept/bear/take the blame for sth 对某事负责任

[典型例句]

Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.

许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误而受责备。

The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack's careless driving.

警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。

The children were not to blame for the accident.

那次事故怪不着孩子们。

We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.

我们愿对所发生的事负责。

3. doubt n.& v. 怀疑，疑惑

[基本构词]

doubtful adj. 怀疑的

[短语搭配]

in doubt怀疑；拿不定主意

no/without/beyond doubt无疑地；必定；当然

[典型例句]

I don’t doubt that he can finish the task on time.

我相信他能按时完成任务。

Do you doubt that she will succeed?

你怀疑她会成功吗？

He doubts if/whether she will keep her word.

他不敢肯定她是否会遵守诺言。

There is no doubt about/of it.

此事无可怀疑。

There is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter.

毫无疑问，他们在这件事上会同意你的意见的。

4. persuade vt. 说服，劝说

[基本构词]

persuasive adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的

persuasion n. 说服；信服；信念

[短语搭配]

persuade sb of sth 使某人相信某事

persuade sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事

persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不要做某事

[典型例句]

I persuaded him of its truth.

我使他相信这是真的。

We will persuade him to take the medicine.

我们将说服他把药吃下去。

I persuaded my father out of smoking.

我劝服了我父亲戒烟。

5. absorb v. 吸收，吸引

[基本构词]

absorbed a. 全神贯注的,一心一意的

[短语搭配]

be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心于

[典型例句]

His business absorbs him.

他的业务使他全神贯注。

The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.

那个聪明的男孩把他老师所能教他的所有的知识都吸收了。

He was too absorbed in the newspaper to hear the bell.

他专心读报, 连门铃也没听见。

Will was so absorbed in reading that he went without his dinner.

威尔非常专心读书, 以至于晚饭都没有吃。

6. hesitate vi. 犹豫，迟疑

[基本构词]

hesitation n. 犹豫

[短语搭配]

hesitate about/ in/ at/ over doing sth

=hesitate to do something 做某事犹豫不决

have no hesitation in doing sth 毫不犹豫地做某事

without hesitation 毫不犹豫地, 立即

[典型例句]

Don't hesitate about that. Do it at once.

对于那件事不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧。

Do not hesitate to give me a call if you need help.

如果你需要帮助就打电话给我，不要犹豫。

He asked her to sit beside him without hesitation.

他毫不犹豫地请她坐在他身旁。

Whenever I have difficulty in learning English，I have no hesitation in turning to Mr Ding’s space for help.

每当我学英语有困难就马上向Mr Ding的空间求助。

三、【习题训练】

A组

单项填空   从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. Jim was not ______ to the club, because at that time he was not a member of it.

A. allowed                B. permitted                 C. admitted                  D. let

2. Alice trusts you; only you can ______ her to give up the foolish idea.

A. suggest                B. attract                     C. absorb                     D. persuade

3. I don’t think it is teachers who ______ for giving students too much pressure.

  A. are to blame     B. are going to blame   C. are to be blamed      D. should blame

4. Paul strongly denied that he was guilty ______ cheating innocent customers.

  A. against                  B. about                      C. of                            D. for

5. You must apologize ______ her ______ what you have done.

  A. /; for                 B. for; to                   C. to; /                      D. to; for

6. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______ to eat more fruit and vegetables.

A. will be persuaded  B. will persuade          C. persuade                D. are persuaded

7. It was ______ of you not to give others a ride in your new car.

A. jealous                B. unfair                       C. greedy                          D. mean

8. ______ is no doubt that the Rockets will defeat the Washington Wizards in the next game.

A. It                    B. As                       C. That                   D. There

9. The bad weather discouraged us ______ on the picnic and we had to stay at home.

A. from going       B. to go                C. go                     D. in going

10. He is suffering from a heart disease, and I am afraid his weak heart cannot ______ any bad news like this.

A. stand                 B. hold                       C. carry                    D. support

B组

完成译文   根据中文原文完成下列各英文译文。（每空限填一个词）

1. 每当我处于困境时，我的朋友们总是毫不犹豫地来帮助我。