大爱无疆的博客

【Text】

Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!

 

参考译文

乔.桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园. 几乎每个人都参加每年举办的 “最佳花园竞赛” , 而每次都是乔获胜. 比尔.弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大, 他比乔也更为勤奋, 种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多, 但乔的花园更富有情趣. 他修筑了一条条整洁的小路, 并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥. 我也喜欢花园, 但我却不愿意辛勤劳动. 每年的花园竞赛我也参加, 但总因是镇上最劣的花园而获得一个小奖!

【New words and expression_rs】

competition      n. 比赛，竞赛

neat             adj. 整齐的，整洁的

path             n. 小路，小径

wooden           adj. 木头的

pool             n. 水池

 

【课文讲解】整理

1.Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. 乔.桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园.

★形容词，副词的比较级、最高级

　　一、规则变化：

　　（1）一般情况下，单音节或部分双音节（以-er/-le/-ow/-y结尾）的形容词（或副词）比较级＋er ， 最高级＋est
clever－cleverer－cleverest； few－fewer－fewest ；small－smaller－smallest等
（2）以e结尾的词，比较级＋r，最高级＋st即可 nice－nicer－nicest；cute－cuter－cutest；large－larger－largest
（3）以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i＋er或est: easy－easier－easiest；happy－happier－happiest再如：early , busy , heavy , dirty , lazy . 也如此
(4) 以后缀ly结尾的方式副词在前面加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级 quickly---more quickly----most quickly
（5）重读闭音节的词尾是一个辅音字母时，双写最后一个辅音字母＋er或est
fat－fatter－fattest thin－thinner－thinnest
hot－hotter－hottest red－redder－reddest wet－wetter－wettest big－bigger－biggest
（6）多音节和部分双音节的词需要在形容词原级前＋more构成比较级，＋the most构成最高级。 beautiful －more beautiful － the most beautiful . delicious , popular , important , interesting , expensive 双音节的词如careful－more careful －the most careful useful －more useful －the most useful . 少数单音节词也是这样如：pleased－more pleased －the most pleased tired－more tried －the most tired
★不规则变化：
不规则形容词的变化
good----better-----best well----better----best bad----worse-----worst many----more----most much----more----most little-----less-----least
far-----further , furthest（表示程度）
far-----farther, furthest（表示远近）

二、形容词与副词比较级和最高级的重点句型：

表示两者(人或物)比较时，相比较的对象应是同类事物，不同类的事物无法比较，我们常用以下句型：

⑴ A>B或A<B（…比较级+than…）

   This room is smaller than that one.

   This story is more interesting than that one.

 ⑵ A=B（…as+原级+as…）

  This cake is as big as that one.

  Swimming is as exciting as climbing.

⑶ A≠ B (① not as/so+原级+as… 与……不一样,②more+原级… 超过……)

   Jim is not as/so tall as Li Lei.

   John is more hard-working than Joan.

   English is more useful than Japanese.= Japanese is not so/as useful as English.

⑷表示程度的递增（-er+-er或者more and more +多音节的形容词原级，越来越……）

   When winter comes, the days get colder and colder.

   My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.

(5)表示两种情况同时变化。（the+比较级…, the+比较级 越来越……）

   The busier she is, the happier she feels.

   The less she worried, the better she worked.

   The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.

(6)A>B>C… (…the+形容词或副词的最高级+in/of/among+比较范围…，最……)

  He is the tallest of the three.(of表示所有关系时，介词后的词与主语同类。)

  Jim writes most carefully in his class. (in表示范围。)

  This picture is the most beautiful among these.(among后接代词或没有修饰语的名词。)

(7)A=B>C>D>…（…one of the+最高级+可数名词的复数形式+in/of… ,最……之一）

  Rose is one of the most careful girls in her class.

  Ann studies the hardest of all the students in our class.

.(8)不用比较级的形式对事物进行比较，我们常见有以下词组：

  be like, look like, look the same, be the same as…,be alike, be different from…,be unlike, be alike.

  This story is like that one.

  Ann looks like her mother.

  Lily and Lucy look the same.

  Lily and Lucy are alike.

  Han Mei’s shoes are the same size as mine.

  Steel is different from   / unlike iron.

(9)强调比较程度时，比较级可用的修饰词有：much, far, still, even, no, any, a lot, a little, a bit,等.

  A kangaroo is even taller than a man.

  Please come here a little earlier.

  The job is far more difficult than he thought.

  Li Lei jumps much farther than Jim does.

转自：http://www.ewteacher.com/r1-article-35413.html

 

2.Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. 几乎每个人都参加每年举办的 “最佳花园竞赛” , 而每次都是乔获胜.

★nearly, almost 的区别

 (1)只能使用almost的场合：
a.修饰no, none, never, any以及no和any的合成词
I have almost nothing to do today. 我今天没什么事做。
There is almost none left. 几乎没剩下什么东西。
b.修饰表示感觉或心境的动词和形容词
I almost think you're right. 我还不完全相信你是对的。
c.修饰more than和too
That's almost too much. 那简直太过份了。
(3)只能用nearly的场合：
a.被very, not, pretty所修饰时
I'm not nearly ready. 我还没有准备好。
b.表示快要做什么事但后来“没有做”或“避开不做”时
We nearly called to see you last Saturday. 我们上星期六差点来看你。

辨析: nearly 和 almost

A.在表示思想状况和情感时, 通常用 almost

B. almost + no, nothing, none, never, nobody, nowhere 等表示否定意义的词。

C. almost + too, more than。

D. very, pretty, not + nearly.

★enter vt.: to start to take part in a particular activity or work in a particular job:

1. 进入 .

He entered the classroom. 他进了教室。
2. 参加;加入

His brother entered the Party last year. 他的哥哥去年入党了。
China has entered the WTO. 中国已加入了世贸组织。

3. enter  vi. : if you enter a race or competition, or someone enters you, you put your name on the list of those taking part:

He rose as she entered. 他在她进来时站起身来。

Please do not enter before knocking on the door. 进来前请先敲门。

4.enter for+表示比赛、竞赛、考试的名词     报名参加, 强调报名

enter侧重于参加考试。eg. enter an examination
enter (sb) for sth 侧重于参加竞赛。

I've entered for the high jump. an important race across the Atlantic    横渡大西洋的比赛（介词短语做定语放在被修饰词的后面）

She entered (her name/herself) for the mathematics competition.   她报名参加数学竞赛。

Are you going to enter for that contest?你准备参加比赛吗？

Are you going to enter yourself for the contest? 你打算报名参加比赛吗？

enter for a race 参加赛跑

5. enter into进入,后加抽象名词,主要表示进入某种状态.着手做某事
Let's not enter into details at this stage. 咱们不要在现阶段著手处理具体问题。
The country entered into a state of war. 这个国家进入战争状态。

enter into a contract 订立合同

enter for  (=put the name on a list for)  报名参加

enter into (=begin) 开始(谈话, 谈判等)

enter on upon (=begin) 开始 (一个时代. 一种生涯. 一段任期等)

 

★win, beat, defeat  表示获胜、取胜的词语

(1) win v. 赢……，获胜，接比赛或奖项 win a game / a prize / an honor / a race. / Our team won the game 8 to 7. / He won by five points. / He won her love at last. [win+事、物（作“赢得”解时，宾语不能接人）。]

Their school won the match.他们学校赢了这场比赛。

I think Jack will win the race．我认为杰克在这场赛跑中会赢。

 (2) beat + 对手，表打败(尤指体育比赛) [beat+人（作“击败”解时，宾语只能接人）。]

Our football team beat theirs yesterday. 昨天我们的足球队赢了他们的。

I beat John at chess yesterday． 昨天我和约翰下棋，赢了他。

(3) defeat 表战胜，接对手[defeat+人（作“胜过”解时，只能接人为宾语）。]

Class Two defeated/beat Class Three in the basketball match.二班在篮球赛中赢了三班。

　　He was defeated in the election. 他在选举中被击败。

I defeated him in the contest and won the prize．在比赛中我击败了他而赢得奖品。

★competition     n. 比赛，竞赛（暗地里的竞争）

He was in competition with 20 others for the job.为了得到这份工作他与二十人展开竞争。

He takes part in a swimming competition.他参加游泳比赛。

搭配：stand in competition with sb./ sth.与……某人、事竞争

      be in competition with sb. for与……某人、事竞争

      compete against/with sb.(in sth.) (for sth.)与某人/事（为某事）竞争

race    n. 比赛，竞赛

car race

match    n. 比赛

 football match

contest   n. 比赛（更广泛）

baby contest  宝宝大赛；beauty contest 选美

game : 游戏, 运动

 

3.Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting. 比尔.弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大, 他比乔也更为勤奋, 种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多, 但乔的花园更富有情趣.

★名词加-’s表示所属关系，构成名词的所有格。这类名词往往指有生命的东西，特别是人。所有格的语法作用相当于形容词，限定后面的名词。这个被限定的名词在上下文中第二次被提到时可以省略，只要不引起误解。

-’s名词所有格的构成:

1,单数名词词尾加-’s 。

2,若名词已有复数词尾-s的，只加（’）

3,不以-s结尾的复数名词直接加-s。

4,如果用and 连接两个并列单数名词，表示共有关系时，在后一个名词词尾加-s，如表示不共用时每个单数名词后都加上-s。

5,复合词只在最后加上-s 。

-’s 所有格的用法:

1,用于有生命的名词（如人，高级动物）表示所有关系。

Mr. Cool’s clothing store 库尔先生的服装店

Today is September 10th, Teachers' Day. 今天是九月十日，教师节。
Children's Day is coming, I should buy something new for my son. 儿童节马上就要到了,我应该为我的儿子买一些新东西。
my mother’s birthday 我母亲的生日

 2,用于表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等。

New Year’s Day 元旦

an hour’s walk 步行一小时的路程

There is something important in today's newspaper. 今天的报纸上有一些重要的东西。
　　It's about ten minutes' walk from school to our home every day. 每天从学校到我们家步行大约需要十分钟。
3. 表示词组内的并列名词各自的所有关系时，须在各个名词后加's；如果一个东西为两个人或者两个以上的人共同拥有，只在最后一个名词后面加's。
Mark’s and Sam’s backpacks 马克和萨姆的双肩背包(两人各有一个背包)

Mark and Sam’s room 马克和萨姆的房间(两人同住一个房间)

They are John's and Kate's rooms. How beautiful they are! 这是约翰和凯特的房间。它们(指房间)太漂亮了！
He is Lily and Lucy's father. 他是莉莉和露西的爸爸。
4. 表示某人的家、店铺等的所有格，一般可以省略它后面所修饰的名词。
　　at my uncle’s = at my uncle’s house 在我叔叔家

　　the doctor’s = the doctor’s office 医生的诊所

　　My father and I will have dinner at the Johnson's (home ). 我爸爸和我将要去约翰逊的家吃晚饭。
　　We will have our hair cut at the barber's (shop) tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们要去理发店理发。

5. 英语名词所有格修饰的词，如果前面已经提到过，后面则可以省略，以防止重复。
　　This is not Dick's dictionary, but is Tom's. 这不是迪克的字典，但是是汤姆的。

 

★ 不及物动词 vi.

1. 成长,生长;发育
She has grown into a beautiful young lady. 她长成一位年轻漂亮的女子。

2. 增大,增加;发展
John's reputation is growing fast. 约翰的名声正在迅速扩大。

3. 渐渐变得[L][+to-v]
His cold is growing worse. 他的感冒正在加重。

及物动词 vt.

1. 种植,栽培
We grow flowers and vegetables in our garden. 我们在庭园里种植鲜花和蔬菜。

2. 使生长;留(须、发)
David is growing a beard. 戴维在蓄须。

 

4.He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. 他修筑了一条条整洁的小路, 并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥.

★neat    adj. 整齐的, 整洁的，井井有条

neat指“干净而整齐的”，含“细节不乱”的意思，a neat house干净整齐的房子

tidy侧重“整齐的、有条理的” ，She keeps her room tidy.她的房间保持的井然有序。

clean 指“干净的，无杂质的”clean air洁净的空气，a clean room干净的房间

tidy v. (up) the room 整理房间

 

make和build在这里是同义词，“修建，建造”。

make的词义比较笼统、广泛。通常表示“做”蛋糕、模型、风筝等。此时的“做”实为“制作(造)”；

build主要限于建筑业，指“建造，建设，盖房子，修筑（桥梁）等”。

do多表示“做”作业、练习、工作、体操等。

Mary made a paper boat. 玛丽做了一只纸船。

Can you make any mooncakes?你会做月饼吗？

He can make kites.他会做风筝。

make a banana milk shake(制作香蕉奶昔)

make词组秀：

1.make a telephone 打电话

I made a telephone to you yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午给你打了一个电话。
2. make a face / faces 做鬼脸
  The child made a face / faces at his father. 那孩子冲他爸爸做鬼脸。
3. make a living 谋生；维持生活
  I don't think making a living there is easier than here.我认为在那里谋生并不比这里容易。
4. make a mistake / mistakes 弄错；犯错误
    He made many mistakes in his spelling. 他在拼写方面犯了许多错误。
5. make a noise / noises 嘈杂；发出噪音
   Don't make a noise / noises, the baby is sleeping. 别制造噪音，小孩在睡觉。
6. make a record 录音；录制唱片
   We made a record for this song last year. 我们去年为这首歌录制了唱片。
7. make a sentence with 用……造句

Please make a sentence with“after”, Tom. 汤姆，请你用after造一个句子。

Build sb, sth,为某人(做）某物

They built me a house. 他们为我建了一座房子。

一座房子。 His father buiHis father built him a model plane. 他父亲给他做了一架模型飞机。

build短语与搭配用法大全  注：该句型也可改为 built sth for sb, 如以上各句也可说成:

一座房子。 His father buiThey built a house for me.

build短语与搭配用法大全  His father built a model plane for him.