加载中…| 分类： 外语导游 |
思想家、墨家Mo-tse
墨子
Mo-tse (468_376 B.C.), whose given name was Di, was born in the State of Lu (now part of Shandong Province). He was a great philosopher in the early Warring States Period and founder of the Mohist School. In his early years, Mo-tse studied Confucianism, later he founded Mohism, and Finally he became an opposition faction of the Confucianism. His thoughts went mainly reflected in the book Mo-tse.
墨子（约公元前468——前376年）名翟，鲁国人，战国初年的思想家，墨家学派的创始人。早年曾学习儒术，后出走而创立了墨家，成为儒家的反对派，其思想主要反映在《墨子》一书中。
The core of Mo-tse thought is “discriminate love”: he opposes
the Confucian thought of benevolence, thinking that love should not
be granted indiscriminately. He puts forward the thought of
non-aggressiveness and opposes war of any kind. He spreads the
thought that there is no fate to oppose the idea of fate. In
particular, he stresses subjective effort, emphasizing that one
should live on his own labor. He advocates the ideas of obedience
to the ruling class, and the upright personality. The first idea
reflects the tendency to value autocratic centralization of power
while the second reflects a desire to break down the hereditary
power and
墨子思想的核心是“兼爱”。他反对儒家的“仁爱”，认为爱无差别，，主张人与人之间应“兼相爱，交相利”，并由此提出了“非攻”思想，反对一切战争。他宣扬“非命”思想，反对“天命”观，特别强调了人的主观努力，认为“赖其力者生，不赖其力者不生”，又主张“尚同”和“尚贤”。“尚同”即要求人民和统治者保持一致，反映了维护专制集权的价值取向。“尚贤”即要求统治者打破官吏的世袭制度，不拘一格选拔人才，特别是把下层人民中的人才选拔出来。他还提出了“非乐”、“节用”、“节葬”的主张，反对儒家的礼乐文化和厚葬风尚，劝戒统治者节约用度，以减轻人民的负担。这些主张典型地反映了墨子所质的小生产者的阶级立场。但墨子宣扬“天志”、“明鬼，借天的意志和鬼神来强化自己的政治主张，表现出愚昧落后的一面。墨子创立的墨家是一个组织严密、纪律严明、富于道义感和牺牲精神的团体，故有 “墨侠”之称。墨家在汉代以后湮没无闻。
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