The State of Arizona is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. The capital and largest city is Phoenix. The five next largest cities are Tucson, Mesa, Chandler, Glendale, and Scottsdale.[3] Arizona was the 48th and last of the contiguous states admitted to the Union on February 14, 1912.[4] Arizona is noted for its desert climate, exceptionally hot summers, and mild winters, but the high country in the north features pine forests and mountain ranges with cooler weather than the lower deserts. New population figures for the year ending July 1, 2006 indicate that Arizona was at that time the fastest growing state in the United States, exceeding the growth of the previous leader, Nevada.

Arizona is one of the Four Corners states. It borders New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, California, touches Colorado, and has a 389-mile (626 km) international border with the states of Sonora and Baja California in Mexico. In addition to the Grand Canyon, many other national forests, parks, monuments, and Indian reservations are located in the state.

II. Warming up

Class Work: discussion

1. What comes to mind when you hear the word "home"?

2. What's your purpose of going to college?

3. Did you have any experience with leaving home and being away from your parents when you were a child??Try to recall your feelings at that time and tell your classmates.

Ⅲ. New Words and Phrases

1.huge adj. 1) extremely large 巨大的;庞大的

He made a huge effort and forced the door open. 他用了极大的力气把门强行打开.

The company has incurred a huge debt and no bank will lend it any money.

公司欠下一大笔巨大的债务,没有一家银行愿意贷款给它.

2) very great in degree 程度很大的

Her first film was a huge success. 她的第一部电影取得了巨大的成功.

The huge influence of the May 4th Movement is still felt in today’s China.

在今天的中国仍能感受到五四运动的巨大影响.

Extending Knowledge:

C.f. huge, big, large, great

1) Huge 指尺寸或容量的庞大 (反义词mini)

a huge wave巨浪 a huge success巨大的成功。

2) big通常指具体事物的大小，如容积、体积、重量、程度等，是一个很常用的词，多用于口语中。

(反义词little/small)

Is there a big tree beside the house? 房子旁边有一棵大树吗？

3) large侧重于面积、范围、容量、数量等方面，常与big 互用，但不如big口语化。(反义词small)

They say China is a large and beautiful country. 他们说中国是一个辽阔而美丽的国家。

4) great常修饰抽象的、无形的东西，表示精神上、程度上的大；用在具体名词前，表示异乎寻常的大，给人留下深刻的印象，其词义常有一定的感情色彩。 (反义词little)

You're great!你真行！ Edison was a great scientist. 爱迪生是位伟大的科学家。

http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/7725779.html?fr=qrl &《英语疑难词典》P129

Reference:

1) C.f. : big, large, great, huge, vast, immense, enormous, giant, tremendous, titanic, colossal

big: You give me a big surprise. He is a big person.（重要）The box is big.（large and heavy）

large（体积大、数量大）: an empty large box（体积大） / a large number of people（数量大）

great（伟大）

Huge: 强调体积大a huge stone / 数量巨大a huge sum of money

vast（辽阔、广阔）: vast desert

immense（极广大的, 无边的）immense = immeasurable 不可测量的 （measurable可测量的）

an immense stadium / an immense iceberg

enormous（重点突出数量、程度、体积）---强调程度时比big语气, 且更正式。

We had an enormous lunch. He made a big success. / He made an enormous success.

giant（n.巨人, 大力士 adj.庞大的, 巨大的）= gigantic（adj.巨人般的, 巨大的）: a giant person

tremendous （= big、fast、powerful）: The plane is travelling at tremendous speed.

Titanic（用于修饰人和物、体积大、力量大）: The ship is titanic.

colossal庞大的（= large in size）: A ship Titanic was colossal. A colossal monument / A colossal statue

http://www.tingroom.com/ddimg/uploadimg/20060704/155530514.swf ( On line)

http://www.veryen.com.cn/veryen/20060829/1951.html

2) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DnrIUnJIMAQ (Chinese character “Da”)

2. greenhouse n. [c] a building with a glass roof, sides, and often some form of heating, used for plants that need heat, light, and freedom from winds 温室;花房

Flowers nurtured in greenhouses cannot withstand the cold winter.

在温室里培养出来的花朵是抵挡不住寒冬的.

Many scientists attribute global warming to the greenhouse effect.

许多科学家把地球变暖归诸温室效应.

3. labor (labour BrE) 1) [u] effort or work, especially tiring physical work 努力;劳动

Building roads still involves manual labor. 修筑道路还需要人工劳动.

The garage charged us for parts and labor. 汽车修理厂向我们收取零件和人工费用.

Labor Day, labor market, a labor of love

2) [u] worker, especially those who use their hands, considered as a group or class 工人;工人阶级

labor relations劳资关系 There is a shortage of skilled labor. 缺少熟练工人.

4. asleep adj. sleeping 睡着的

He was fast asleep when I entered the room. 我走进房间时他正在熟睡.

Fast asleep: a. 熟睡的 He seems to be fast asleep. 他好像睡得很熟。

Note that “ asleep” is a predicative adjective(表语性的形容词); that is, it cannot precede the noun it modifies. For instance, we say “sleeping beauty” (睡美人), not “asleep beauty”. Similar adjectives that begin with the letter “a” and can be used as predicatives adjectives only are: afraid (the child is afraid, but not *He is an afraid child), alive (The fish is alive, but not *This alive fish is mine), alone (The boy is alone by himself, but not *I met the alone boy yesterday.)

Extending Knowledge:

C.f. asleep, sleeping, sleepy, fall asleep, sleep

sleepy是形容词，意思是：困倦的，想睡的。

asleep是形容词，是表语形容词，只能做表语，意思是：睡着的。例如：He is asleep now.

sleeping是形容词，意思是：睡着的，不一定用做表语，可以用做定语，另外它还是个动名词。

fall asleep是动词词组，表示睡着了。例如：He has fallen asleep.

sleep是动词，意思是睡觉。a sound sleep 酣睡，take a fox-sleep 假睡

sleep soundly: 睡得香甜酣畅/ well 睡得安稳/ sweetly睡得香甜

http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/53047743.html； http://dict.hjenglish.com/w/sleep

5. surroundings n. (plural) everything that surrounds a place or person, especially that which influences the quality of life 周围的事务;环境,气氛

It's important to work in friendly surroundings. 在友好的环境中工作最重要.

The house is situated in very pleasant surroundings. 那所好房子坐落在宜人的环境中.

Note that in this sense, the word “surrounding” always takes the plural form (surroundings). Compared with surroundings, the word “environment” seems to be more strongly suggestive of the natural conditions, such as air, water, and land, in which people and animal live.

Exercise:

The surroundings of his house ______ clean now. (B)

A)is B)are C)was D)were surround vt. 包围,环绕,围绕

As a doctor, he is especially conscious of the many dangers surrounding us.

作为医生，他对我们身边的危险特别敏感。

6.fate n. [u] the power or force that is supposed to be the cause of or in control of all events, in a way that is

beyond human control 命运,天命,运数

Fate was against me all the time. 命运一直和我作对。

We mustn/t submit to fate. 我们决不能听天由命。

Extending Knowledge:

C.f. fate, destiny, doom

fate 指“宿命”, 具有神话或迷信色彩, 使人有畏惧和无可奈何之感。

He thought his failure in exam is due to his poor fate. 他认为考试没通过是因为他命不好。

destiny 除含有“命运注定”之意外, 还暗示“充满美好希望”。

It was her destiny to become famous. 她命里注定出名。

doom 指“最终的、常常是毁灭性或灾难性的命运”。

The Battle of Stalingrad sealed Hitler's doom 斯大林格勒战役决定了希特勒的灭亡。

7. depart v. to leave, to take off, especially when starting a journey (书)起程,出发;离开,离去[(+from/for)]

The train was departing slowly from the platform. 去纽约的火车徐徐离开了月台。

We departed for London at 10 a.m. 我们于上午10时出发前往伦敦。

2) to turn away from or stop following 背离

On this occasion, the company departed from its normal practice of holding the meetings in public.这一次公司一反常规，不举行公开会议。

(depart v. departure n. / arrive v. arrival n. )

8. resume v. 1) begin again after a pause重新开始，继续

We resumed our work after a rest. 休息之后我们重新开始工作。

After the tea, the meeting resumed. 茶点之后，会议继续。

Extending Knowledge:

C.f. resume, continue

“resume” and “continue ” share the meaning of “going on with something” or “going on doing something”, but

the former emphasizes the idea of an interruption of something (rusume强调中间有过间隙，一般是在某事结束

后再次继续的情况). Also, just like the verbs “depart” and “leave”, the verb “resume” is more formal than “continue”.

The students resumed their discussion after the teacher left. 老师离开后，学生继续他们的讨论。

The fighting continued for a week. 这场战斗持续了一星期。

2) take again 重新占据

The audience were asked to resume their seats to watch the game after the rain had stopped.

雨停后，观众被要求重新回到各自的座位上观看比赛。

Extending Knowledge:

构词法学习：re- 再，重新+sum取得 resart 重新开始 rebuild 重建

9. replace v. 1) take the place of 取代，代替

No one can replace George as forward in the next round.

在下一轮的比赛里没有人能取代乔治的前锋位置。

Private cars are replacing bicycles in big cities. 在大城市里，私家车正在取代自行车。

2) to put (sth.) back in the right place 把…放回原处

Please replace the newspapers after reading them. 看完报纸后请放回原处。

Extending Knowledge:

构词法学习：re- 回+place安放 return 回来，返回 recall 召回，回忆

10. missing adj. that cannot be found, not in the proper or expected place, lost 丢失的，找不到的

My keys are missing, and nobody has seen them.

The police have received reports of many missing persons. 警察已经收到有关许多人员失踪的报告。

Extending Knowledge:

C.f. miss, missing, missed

1) miss ①= fail to make contact with

The railway station is right at the end of this road. You can't miss it!

②= be sorry to be without / In this sense, we can miss both people and things.

What do you miss most about the south of France now you're in Britain?

~ I miss my family, I miss the people, I miss the sunshine, I miss the cheese and the wine.

2) missing / missed (adjs) = lost / cannot be found

When missing and missed are used as adjectives, they behave like present and past participles, e.g missing pages are pages that are missing, a missed opportunity is an opportunity that has been missed. Note also that missing is often placed after the noun it qualifies, rather than in front of it. Compare the following:

Ten people are known to have died in the blast and a further fifteen are still missing.

Did you know there are five pages missing from this book? It goes from 32 to 43.

The weather cleared. We should have climbed the mountain. It was a missed opportunity.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv188.shtml

11.soul n. the part of a person that is not the body and is thought not to die; the central or most important part

of a person; the quality that makes a person human 灵魂，心灵

He is the soul of our team. 他是我们队的灵魂。

heart and soul / with one’s heart and soul 全心全意地

Jane plays tennis badly, but with heart and soul. 简网球打得不好，但却全力以赴。

serve the people with heart and soul 全心全意为人民服务

12. be keen on : ( of a person) have a strong active interest in doing something (人)热衷；渴望(做某事)

I am keen on fishing. 我热衷于钓鱼。