fairly, quite, rather
这三个副词都可用来说明形容词和副词的程度,十分容易混淆。
1.fairly意为“相当,还算”,是这一组词中语气最轻的一个。quite为“相当,或多或少地,在某种程度
2.fairly只用于修饰褒义的形容词和副词,如可以说She is fairly clever,不可说She is fairly
3.rather可与too及比较级连用,而fairly和quite则不可。如:
4.quite和rather还可和动词连用,fairly则不可和动词连用。如:
5. quite和rather都可修饰名词,但须放在不定冠词前。如:
当名词前有形容时,quite和rather可放在不定冠词后,也可放在不定冠词前。如:
They had a quite good time. 也可说quite a good time。
It is a rather cold day. 也可说rather a cold day。
familiar with, familiar to
这两个形容词短语都表示“熟悉”的意思,但用法不同。
familiar to表示“(某事)对(某人来说)是熟悉的”意思;因此,句子的主语总是表示事物的名词,介词to后接人称名词或代词的宾格形式。例如:
This subject is familiar to us.
我们熟悉这个课题。
These are the rules that are familiar to every schoolboy.
这些是一个学童都熟知的规则。
familiar with则表示“(某人)对(某事)是熟悉的,精通的”的意思。因此,句中的主语总是人称名词或代词,介词with后接事物名词。如:
We are all familiar with the three states of matter.
我们都熟悉物质的三态。
They are familiar with English.
他们精通英语。
fall, drop
两者均表示“落下”。
fall表示物体由于本身的重量失去平衡或其他原因向下坠落,多为无意识的行为。它是不及物动词。fall也常作连系动词,表示“变得,进入某种状态”。
drop表示物体由高处往低处落下,或让物体落向低处。它既可指有意识的行为,也可指无意识的行为,当指无意识的行为时,可与fall交换使用。drop为及物动词或不及物动词。如:
The man fell/dropped from the top of the building.(两者都指无意识的行为。)
Her hair falls to her shoulders.(指无意识的行为。)
Many trees fell in the storm.(指无意识的行为。)
One after another, all three of them fell asleep. fall作连系动词。)
He dropped a letter into the post-box.(指有意识的行为。)
The enemy plane dropped several bombs.(指有意识的行为。)
famous for, famous as
这两个形容词短语都表示“以……而出名”的意思。但在用法和含义上有异。
famous for 主要有三种用法:
1.主语是表示人的名词或代词时,意为“以某种知识技能,作品或特征而出名”。
2.主语为地点名词时,表示“以某种特产或特征出名”。
3.主语为事物名词时,表示“以其内容,特征,价值等而被人所知”。如:
He is famous for his skill in playing football.
The area is famous for its green tea.
Guilin is famous for its beautiful scenery.
This grammar book is famous for its practical usage.
famous as 也有三种用法:
1.当主语是表示人的名词或代词时,意指“以某种身份或职业而出名”。
2.当主语为地点名词时,表示“作为什么产地或地方而出名”。
3.当主语为事物名词时,表示“以某种形式而出名”。如:
Mark Twin was famous as a children-story writer.
This area is famous as a green tea producing place.
This book is famous as a reference book.
farther, further
这两个词都是far的比较级形式。
1.farther和further都可指具体的距离,即空间时间上的“较远”。如:
2.further还可用于抽象的引申义,如时间,程度和数量等,表示“进一步,更进一层”,此时,不能与
favourable, favoured, favourite
这三个形容词尽管词根相同,但在意义上有所差异。
favourable主要有下列三种意思:
1. 赞许 2.有利的 3.讨人喜欢的,良好的。例如:
The teacher made a favourable report on the boy's work at
school.
教师报告说,该生在校成绩优良。
It was a favourable time for our trip, since business was
light.
生意清淡,正是我们旅行的好时光。
He made a favourable impression on his future colleagues.
他给他未来的同事留下良好的印象。
favoured在表示“有利的(条件或地位等)”的意义时,一般可用favourable代替;有时favourite也有这一含义。此外,它还可表示“受优惠的,优惠的”意思。如:
He has gained a favoured (or: favourable/favourite) position.
他已取得了有利的地位。
This country cannot have the treatment of the most-favoured-nation
clause.
这个国家不能享有最惠国条款上的待遇。
favourite作形容词时,主要表示“最受人喜欢的”意思。它还可用作名词,表示“最受人喜欢的人或物”。如:
My favourite type of food is Chinese
food.
Who is your favourite
novelist?
He is a favourite
writer.
This book is a great favourite of
mine.