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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

(2012-10-13 13:07:10)
标签:

杂谈

分类: 考博写作

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类

(一)医疗、医院、医生

  1 、医生

  ① doctor medical worker

  ② physician 内科医生

  ③ surgeon 外科医生

  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生

  ⑤ intern 实习医生

resident doctor 住院医生

 

  2 、医院

  ① hospital

  The specialized hospital 专科医院

  The general hospital 普通医院

  The community hospital 社区医院

  The public hospital 公立医院

  The private hospital 私立医院

  ② clinc 门诊

  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊

  ③ ward 病房

medical team 医疗队

 

3 医疗手段

(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗

(2)              medical treatment 医疗

(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械

(4)              diagnose v 诊断 n diagnosis

(5)              prevent v 预防

(6)              sterilize v 消毒 |

(7)              administrate a drug 给药

(8)              prevent and treat disease v 预防和治疗疾病

(9)              TCM 中医

(10)          chemotherapy 化疗

(11)          medical service 医疗服务

(12)          complain of v 主述

(13)          health checkup 健康普查

(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗

(15)          consult the doctorv 咨询 ;

 

  4 、医疗体制

  (1 healthcare system 医疗体制

  (2 medical disputes 医疗纠纷

  (3 medical accident 医疗事故

  (4 the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系

  (5 medical insurance system 医疗保险体系

6 medical aid fund 医疗救助基金

 

  5 、医德

  (1 medical ethics 医德

  (2 patient-oriented 以病人为核心

  (3 humanistic 人道主义的

  (4 compassionate 富于同情性的

  (5 considerate 体贴周到的

  (6 resolute 果断的

  (7 service quality 服务质量

8 to give top priority to the lives and health of people

 

  6 、病人

  (1 patient

  (2 the sick

  (3 the invalid

  (4 sufferer

  

(二)疾病

  1 患病的表达方式

  ⑴ suffer from v

  (2 contract v

  (3 people with some disease 患病人群

4 the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人

 

  2 、必知疾病名称

  heart disease 心脏病

  hypertension 高血压

  kidney problem 肾病

  stroke 中风

    shock 休克

  the blood pressure 血压

  diabetes 糖尿病

  obesity 肥胖

  terminal illness 绝症

  incurable illness 不治之症

  cancer 癌症

  tumor 肿瘤

  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期

  emergency case 急症

  serious illness 重症

  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病

  short breath 短气

  syndrome 综合症

  complications 并发症

  process 病程

  bone loss 骨质疏松

short-sighted adj)近视

 

  3、传染病

  (1 感染源

  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介

  (2 )传染疾病

  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫

  influenza (简)flu 流感

  infection contagion 传染病

  infectious diseases 传染病

  AIDS 艾滋病

  SARS

  (3 传染

  epidemic a 流行的,传染的

  block the channel v

  disseminate 传播

cross infection 交叉感染

 

  5 、疾病、病痛

  illness

  sickness

  disease

  ailment

suffering

 

  6 、疾病的转归

  (1 )疾病的恢复

  recover recovery

  recuperate

  resume

  recruit

  reinstate

  (2 疾病的恶化

  deteriorate

  aggravate

  exasperate

  make worse

  worsen

  

    7、其他相关词汇

  outbreak and spending

  break out v 疾病的爆发

  spread v 疾病的扩散

  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率

  taboo 禁忌

  speed up blood circulation v

  improve the cardiac functions v

  side effects 副反应

complain of 主述

 

  

(三)药物

  1 、药物名称

  medicine

  drug

  remedy

  medicinal herbs

  power

  tablet

pill

 

  2 、药物用法

  开药

  prescribe some medicine for some diseases

  write out a proscription

  服药

  take a medicine

  治的疾病

a remedy for some diseases

 

3 、其他相关词汇

  drug therapy 药物治疗

  side effects 副反应

  drug abuse 药物滥用

  drugstore 药房

  over the counter 非处方药

  drug allergy 药物过敏

  drug poisoning 药物中毒

  prescription 处方

  expenses for medicine 药费

  charges for medicine

drug rebate 药品回扣

 

  

(四)心理疾病

  1 、心理学专业词汇

  subhealth 亚健康

  psychological benefits 心理健康

  psychological problem 心理问题

  psychological consultation 心理咨询

  psychological obstacles 心理障碍

  mental obstacles 心理障碍

  psychological massage 心理按摩

  psychology 心理学/ 心理

  psychotherapy 心理治疗

psychological expert 心理专家

 

  2 、情绪词汇

  overcome

  disappoint

  disappointed

  shy

  flush

  frustration

  failure

  willpower

  optimism

  optimistic

  be sensitive to

  nervous

  tensional

  sad agony pessimism pessimistic

  confident confidence

  stress pressure

  depress depressed

  depression depressive

  

3 、疲劳相关词汇

  fatigue tire v weariness n tireda exhausteda fatigued a weary

  

(五)肥胖与营养

  1 、营养物质

  nutrient 营养素

  protein 蛋白质

  fat 脂肪

  glucose 葡萄糖

  vitamin 维生素

  sugar 糖类

  heat calories quantity of heat 热量

  carbohydrate 碳水化合物

  soft drink beverage 软饮料

cholesterol胆固醇

 

  2 、营养与饮食

  a well-balanced diet

  nutrition 营养

  nutritional 营养的

 

二、医学写作其他常用词汇

 

1.       下降、减少 reductiondecreasedeclinediminution, dropdescendgo / come downfall

2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascendincrease

3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu;

4.       食品安全 food safety

5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies

6.       应急反应 immediate response to

7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU

8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system

9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care

10.   服务体系service system A

11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene

12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i.

13.   清淡的lite

14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet

15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN

16.   人畜共患病zoonosisanthropozoonosis.人兽共患病

17.   虫媒insect pollination

18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease

19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome

20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion

21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable!"

22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/windperson to person transmission

23.   传播,散布:diffuseprevalencespreadtransmitdisseminatepropagate/ propagation{D

24.   污染pollution/ pollutecontamination/contaminate

25.   福祉 well-being, happiness

26.   衰老grow oldagingsenilitysenile s

27.   每况愈下from bad to worse

28.   相似的akin to=similar to

29.   脓的,化脓的purulent

30.   脂肪肝fatty liver

31.   血压 hypertension

32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon

33.   亚健康 sub-health 8

34.   过劳死death from overwork [

35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0

36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health

37.   分类 be divided intofall into three categoriesbe grouped according to their origin, into three classes.be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds

38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations

39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle

40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含道德之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。

41.   民众the (general) publicthe masses of the peoplethe common people

42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent

43.   死亡人数death tolldeathsthe number of people killed in/dying from

44.   .归结为 boil down tocome down to

45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable tobe attributed toascribe or attribute… to owe…to

46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sbblame…onascribe or attribute… toimpute… to

47.   大规模on a large scaleextensivelarge-scalemassive

48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmissionbecome a pandemicmassive attack/outbreak

49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly

50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations

51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon

52.   复杂的complicatedcomplexsophisticatedintricate

53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy

54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances

55.   养老保险 endowment insurance

56.   退休养老金retirement n

57.   医疗改革health care reform

58.   激烈运动strenuous exercisevigorous activity

59.   月经期menstrual period S

60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace

61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care

62.   安乐死euthanasia

63.   得绝症的terminally ill

64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care !

65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patientsterminally ill patientsincurable patient

吸二手烟secondhand smoking also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. _u

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