北京翻译－华文翻译

金融工作组简介 - 1

(英中对照)

1 Introduction to the Banking Working Group  金融工作组简介
2 The Banking and Securities Working Group represents about 30 European financial institutions in China, mainly active in commercial banking.  金融与证券工作组代表了30个在中国的欧盟金融机构，它们主要从事商业金融业务。
3 Traditionally these are foreign banks primarily focused on servicing long-standing domestic clients in China.  按惯例，这些外国银行起初在中国重点服务于成立已久的国内客户。
4 However, with the increasing opening-up of the Chinese banking sector, the range of products and services offered is expanding.  然而，随着中国金融行业的不断开放，它们所提供的产品和服务范围在不断扩展。
5 As a consequence, the members of the Working Group have different operational structures: some only have one representative office, others have established branches across the country and the larger ones have incorporated locally in order to provide Chinese customers with a full range of services as this becomes allowed.  因此，工作组成员拥有不同的经营机构：一些成员仅拥有一个代表处，另一些在全国建立分支机构，而大多数成员在中国建立合资公司，以便在得到允许时为中国客户提供全面的服务。
6 Working Group members bring vast international banking experience to China by virtue of their successful operations in financial markets around the world.  由于工作组成员在全球金融市场中的成功经营，它们给中国带来了丰富的国际金融经验。
7 They regard China as a long-term priority market and are fully committed to their investments as banks play a key role in the economic and social development of China.  它们视中国为优先的长期市场并为其投资承担全部责任，因为银行在中国的经济、社会发展中发挥了重要的作用。
8 Members remain willing to share technical expertise with regulators and therefore, the Working Group would like to continue regular and active dialogue with the banking regulators to exchange views, concerns and know-how.  成员们仍然愿意与中国的监管机构分享技术上的专家意见，因此，工作组希望继续与中国的金融监管机构开展经常的、积极的对话，以交流观点、问题和技术决策。
9 This year, a Private Equity and Strategic Mergers & Acquisitions Sub Working Group was established within the Banking Working Group.  今年，在金融工作组内建立了一个私募股权与战略并购子工作组。
10 With the growing importance of Private Equity and strategic mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in China, there is an increasing need to share experiences and exchange information.  在中国，私募股权和战略并购越来越重要，对经验分享与信息交流的需求随着不断增长。
11 Recent Developments  近期发展
12 Almost two years have passed since China’s State Council set a historic milestone with the promulgation of the Regulations on the Administration of Foreign-funded Banks in China.  距离中国国务院发布历史上具有里程碑意义的法律《中国外资银行管理条例》已经差不多两年了。
13 This law has further opened the Chinese banking market to foreign enterprises allowing them to provide Chinese customers with an increased range of services.  这部法律进一步向外国企业开放中国金融市场，以允许它们为中国客户提供范围更广泛的服务。
14 These regulations were warmly welcomed by the Working Group at the time and indeed foreign banks have seized this unprecedented opportunity and are incorporating at a steady pace.  对这些法律，工作组表示热烈地欢迎，外国银行也真正地抓住这个前所未有的机遇，成立合资企业的步伐稳定地向前迈进。
15 According to the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC), 21 foreign banks in 2007 received approval to incorporate locally.  根据中国银行监督管理委员会（CBRC），有21家外国银行在2007年被批准在华成立合资企业。
16 The continued investment of foreign banks in China, and their commitment to the Chinese economy, is also demonstrated by their increased market share in terms of total assets.  外国银行在总资产方面不断增长的市场份额也是它们在中国持续投资以及对中国经济负有责任感的很好证明。
17 This figure grew last year by 47% to CNY 1,200 bn. 这个数字在去年提高了47%，达到12,000亿人民币。
18 The largest part of this belongs to locally incorporated banks, representing 66% of the total foreign banks’ assets.  其中最大部分的增长来自在华合资银行，它们在整个外国银行资产中占到66%。
19 However, foreign banks still represent just a tiny market share of 2.4 % at the end of 2007.  但是，外国银行截止至2007年末其所占的市场份额仍然很少，仅有2.4%。
20 The continuing constructive dialogue between CBRC and the Banking Working Group has facilitated better understanding of each other’s concerns and has led to the sharing of know-how and experience.  CBRC和工作组之间持续进行的建设性对话推动了彼此更好地理解对方的问题，并促使技术诀窍和经验得以分享。
21 The Banking Working Group encourages CBRC in its efforts to further develop and enhance its supervisory and regulatory practice in line with international standards for our mutual objective to develop a sound and sustainable financial market in China.  为了我们共同的目标，工作组积极建议CBRC通过努力按照国际标准来改进和加强监管措施，以便在中国发展健全而持续发展的金融市场。
22 Over the past year, the Chinese banking sector has seen the promulgation of a wide range of new guidelines and regulations.  在去年，中国的金融行业已经颁布了范围广泛的新法律、新法规。
23 This has contributed to the opening of the market, to greater transparency and wider supervision, to cultivating the young credit culture and to stimulating banks to invest in rural areas where obtaining financing can be a difficult endeavour.  这给市场带来了开放，使透明程度更强、监管范围更广，培育了成长中的信用文化并刺激银行投资于难以获得融资的农村地区。
24 The Working Group sincerely hopes that the new regulations, expected to be issued at the time of writing, will establish a much needed new source of rural funding.  工作组诚挚希望新的法律及早制订并颁布，这将为农村融资提供急需的新来源。
25 The Working Group is delighted that some recommendations from last year’s Position Paper, have now been addressed by the relevant authorities.  令工作组感到欣慰的是：上一年意见书中的某些建议已被相关政府机构所采用。
26 In the past, it appeared that major state-owned banks’ sub branches could operate without a CNY 10 mn capital requirement.  在过去，主要国有银行的分行在没有达到1,000万资本金要求的情况下就可以开展经营。
27 CBRC has assured the Working Group that major state-owned banks have recapitalised their second tier sub branches and therefore this recommendation has been removed.  CBRC向工作组保证主要国有银行已经重组了它们的二级分行，因此这个建议已被取消了。
28 Another positive development is that foreign banks have recently been granted access to the People’s Bank of China (PBOC)’s credit bureau.  另一个积极的改进是：外国银行现在可被允许进入中国人民银行（PBOC）的征信局。
29 This is an important step towards increasing transparency and creating a level playing field.  对于提高透明度和创建公平竞争环境，这是重要的一步。
30 A recent announcement also suggests that PBOC is considering the introduction of nationwide membership in China National Advanced Payment System (CNAPS) to enable banks to build up a centralized CNY clearing structure. 最近一项声明还建议PBOC在中国国家现代化支持系统（CNAPS）中引入全国性会员，以使银行能建立一个集中的人民币结算结构。
31 The current CNY clearing model requires foreign banks to hold a CNAPS membership for every single city, resulting in multiple clearing accounts and the need for inter-branch fund transfer to manage the bank's liquidity.  当前的人民币结算模型要求外国银行在每一个城市都要成为CNAPS的会员，这造成银行需要建立多个结算账户并进行分行内部的资金划转，以便对银行的流动性进行管理。
32 A nationwide membership with a dedicated sub-account structure will enable banks to consolidate their daily liquidity/clearing position, thus decreasing operational and regulatory risk.  而拥有专门的子账户结构的全国性会员将使银行能够强化它们的日常流动性或结算地位，从而降低经营和监管风险。
33 Xinhua, ‘China announces establishment of national advanced payment system’,People’s Daily Online, 29 August 2007, viewed 14 September 2007, http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90778/6250838.html>  新华通讯社、人民网：2007年8月29日中国宣布建立国家现代化支付系统，并于2007年9月14日审议通过。 http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90778/6250838.html>
34 The international trend towards greater integration between insurance brokerage, securities firms, and banking services is now also occurring in China.  在国际上，保险经纪、证券公司以及金融服务正朝向更加统一的趋势发展，而这一趋势目前也正在中国出现。
35 The Working Group takes a very positive view towards the increased interaction between the various financial regulators.  对于中国各级金融监管机构之间不断增长的交流活动，工作组持有十分积极的观点。
36 The group has been advocating for many years that a one-stop regulatory body would facilitate and increase the performance of the financial services in this country.  工作组多年以来一直倡导在中国建立一站式监管机构，以提供便利而优质的金融服务。
37 The Working Group therefore applauds the joint efforts of CIRC and CBRC to promote cross-investment between banks and insurance companies, and encourages all financial service regulators to follow this promising path.  因此，工作组对中国保险监督委员会（CIRC）和中国银行业监督管理委员会CBRC）的相关作法拍手称赞，即在银行和保险公司之间推动交叉投资以及鼓励所有金融服务监管机构遵循这个有效方法。
38 Despite these positive developments over the past year, regulatory treatment remains unequal.  即便在去年出现了这些积极的发展，但监管措施依然不平等。
39 Foreign banks that have chosen to locally incorporate have found themselves operating on a different level than their domestic counterparts.  选择在华合资的外国银行发现：对比中国国内的竞争对手，它们并在同一个标准下经营。
40 The issuance of credit cards and personal loans, for instance, is subject to unclear implementation guidelines and in practice, locally incorporated foreign banks are not receiving the approval to offer this service to Chinese customers.  例如，信用卡发行以及个人贷款发放所依据的执行方针并不明确，而且在实际上，在华合资的外国银行尚未获准向中国客户提供这种服务。
41 In the same line, the locally incorporated banks cannot take up the mandatory 30% capital deposits from other foreign banks.  对相同的产品，在华合资银行不能从其它外国银行那里取得30%的法定资本金存款。
42 This capital has to be deposited in a domestic bank.  这笔资本金不得不保存在某个国内银行。
43 The past year has also been dominated by increased concerns of an overheating Chinese economy which has resulted in a tight monetary policy.  在过去的一年里，金融市场均受到不断增长的对过热中国经济表示担忧的影响，并导致中国实行从紧的货币政策。
44 While the members of the Banking Working Group share the same diagnosis on the state of the economy, rising inflation and liquidity excesses, the Working Group has a different opinion with regards to the instruments used to control lending activity.  当金融工作组的成员对通货膨胀不断增长和流动性过剩的中国经济持有相同的诊断时，工作组在用于控制货款活动的金融工具方面存在不同的看法。
45 Chinese regulators are using lending quotas to avoid an overheating of the economy.  中国监管机构通过对贷款实行限额以防止经济出现过热。
46 Based on international experience, the Working Group would like to advocate using more stringent internationally accepted prudential ratios and through the adoption of risk weighted value added concepts as well as sector and portfolio concentration thresholds, the Chinese authorities could achieve their objectives without undermining the sound economic development of a keystone sector in the Chinese economy.  基于国际经验，工作组希望中国采用更加严厉的在国际上获得认可的稳妥比率，以及通过采用风险加权概念、行业与投资组合最低综合限度，中国的监管当局将会实现它们的目标，而不会对中国经济关键行业中健全的经济发展造成破坏。
47 The Banking Working Group is committed to supporting the development of the financial services sector in China and is excited at the prospect of big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin amongst others developing into real financial centres.  金融工作组在中国致力于支持金融服务行业的发展，并对诸如北京、上海以及天津等大城市发展成为真正的金融中心而充满信心。
48 Nevertheless, regulations that burden foreign banks only go contrary to the idea of developing a truly world-class financial centre.  不过，给外国银行带来负担的法规只会对建设真正世界一流金融中心的想法产生相反的作用。
49 In this context, the reduction of foreign debt quotas, issued by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) and the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is causing great concern to the Working Group.  因此，减少由国家外汇管理局（SAFE）和国家发展与改革委员会（NDRC）所发布的外债限额正给工作组造成很大的问题。
50 This puts an onerous burden on foreign bank branches’ operations and goes contrary to the idea of developing a world-class real financial centre.  这给外国银行分行的经营带来沉重负担，对建设真正世界一流金融中心的想法产生相反的作用。
51 Finally, although the Banking Working Group highly commends CBRC for producing regulations allowing foreign banks to locally incorporate in the Chinese market, the Working Group stresses that other European banks, who strategically decide to continue their presence in the form of a branch of a foreign bank or a representative office, should not be side-lined either.  最后，虽然金融工作组极力推荐CBRC制定法律以允许外国银行在中国市场上成立合资公司，但工作组强调：其它作出战略决策继续以外国银行分行或者代表处形式出现在中国市场的欧洲银行也不能被置之一边而不予顾及。
52 Most branches of foreign banks still have ambitions to expand their activities in China in the wholesale sector and sincerely hope that the recommendations made below will be seriously considered. 大多数外国银行的分行仍然抱有雄心壮志，欲扩大它们在中国的批发业务，并且诚挚希望以下建议得到认真考虑。
53 The Banking Working Group presents the following suggestions for the regulators’ consideration with the aim of opening China’s financial markets more quickly, creating more depth to these markets and, as a result, widen product choices for retail and corporate customers alike.  金融工作组向监管机构提出如下建议以供参考，其目的是为了使中国金融市场的发展更加快速、更加深入，从而为零售及公司客户等提供更广泛的产品选择。
54 For ease of reference, we have divided the issues into sections according to the type of enterprise they affect: all foreign-funded banks regardless of their legal structure; wholly foreign-funded (locally incorporated) banks; branches of foreign banks; representative offices and securities related recommendations.  为了便于参考，我们将问题按其所影响企业的类型划分为以下几个方面：全外资银行（不考虑其法律结构）、全外资（ 在华合资）银行、外国银行分行、代表处以及与证券相关的建议。
55 BANKING  金融
56 I General Issues 一、基本问题
57 Coordinated Supervisory Approach of Regulatory Authorities  监管机构经调整的监管措施
58 Allow one-stop authorisation process at the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) Headquarters (HQ) with local CBRC authorities’ filings for more efficient and consistent product launches in wholesale and retail business.  允许在中国银行业监督管理委员会（CBRC）总部（HQ）建立起一站式的授权程序，使地方的CBRC机构在处理批发与零售业务时能够以更高效率和统一程序来注册新的产品。
59 Establish a regulatory unit that can act as a one-stop unit to co-ordinate the formulation of policies and guidelines related to various different regulatory departments such as People’s Bank of China (PBOC), China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC), State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE), State Administration of Taxation (SAT), China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC), China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC).  设立一个监管小组作为一站式小组对各种不同监管机构的政策和法规的解释进行协调。这些监管机构包括；中国人民银行（PBOC）、中国银行监督管理委员会（CBRC）、国家外汇管理总局（SAFE）、国家税务总局（SAT）、中国证券监督管理委员会（CSRC）以及中国保险监督管理委员会（CIRC）等。
60 Centralise reporting requests (i.e. business continuity plans, audit-, control-, data reports) from the different regulators to avoid duplication of work.  将报告请求（例如业务连续计划、审计报告、监控报告、数据报告）从不同的监管机构那里收归中央总部，以避免重复工作。
61 Foreign Debt Lending  外债贷款
62 Increase corporate foreign debt quota to reflect companies’ organic business growth and carve out offshore collaterals from the corporate foreign debt quota.  提高公司外债限额反映了公司的内生业务增长，并可从公司外债限额中开拓海外债券抵押业务。
63 Increase short-term debt quota for genuine trade related uses which are not affecting the monetary supply within China.  为了内生业务相关的外债使用而提高短期债务限额不会对中国国内的货币供应产生影响。
64 Deepen onshore liquidity by putting in place market-based means of funding with PBOC acting as lender of last resort using international rates as a benchmark. 作为将国际比率作为基准的最终贷方，PBOC可通过实施基于市场的融资手段来加快国内的流动性。
65 Waive the 5% business tax on onshore and offshore funding.  对国内和海外融资停收5%的营业税。
66 Local Lending Restrictions  地方贷款限制
67 Offer some flexibility to smaller banks in view of their very modest starting base.  考虑到较小银行在成立初期的规模较小，为它们提供一些灵活性。
68 Applying strict linear rules for all banks equally puts smaller banks at a comparative disadvantage to bigger banks.  对所有银行都提供相同的严格直接管理使较小银行对比较大银行将处于劣势。
69 Carve out committed facilities granted before the lending restriction from the quota to make more room for new commitments.  致力于开拓在对外债限额作出贷款限制之前批准的金融业务将为新产品提供更大发展空间。
70 Allocate special quotas to certain industrial and geographical sectors, which are in line with China’s macro-economic requirements.  根据中国宏观经济要求对特定的工业和地域性行业进行具体的限额分配。
71 Make public the lending restrictions and quota allocation methodology in order to improve transparency and predictability.  将贷款限制和限额分配方法对外公开，以提高透明度和可预见性。
72 Ownership Restrictions  所有权限制
73 Clarify ownership rules of Chinese funded banks by foreign funded banks to be in line with government statements and the agreed WTO commitments.  通过遵循政府报告和一致同意的WTO义务，明确中国内、外资银行的所有权规定。
74 Data Processing Systems  数据处理系统
75 Maintain section 13.5 of the current existing bank card policy stating data processing systems should be “safe and efficient” without specifying where they should be located. 继续适用当前的银行卡政策中第13.5节中的规定，即数据处理系统需达到 “安全有效”，而没有指明这些系统将位于何处。
76 II Wholly Foreign-funded (Locally Incorporated) Banks  二、全外资（在华合资）银行
77 Branch/Sub Branch Network Expansion  分行支行网络拓展
78 Allow multiple branch and sub branch simultaneous expansion submissions.  允许多个分行以及支行同时进行业务开拓。
79 Consumer Finance restrictions  消费金融限制
80 Expedite the issuance of regulations and detailed implementation guidelines for credit cards and specific personal loans (e.g. education, cars).  加快制定有关信用卡和特定个人贷款（如教育、汽车）方面的法律以及详细的实施指导方针。
81 Enable the creation of dedicated credit card companies.  使专门的信用卡公司发挥出它们的创造性。
82 Capital Requirements  资本金要求
83 Allow locally incorporated foreign banks to take 30% capital deposits from other foreign banks, on an equal basis with local banks.  在与本土银行同样的基础上，允许在华合资银行从其它外国银行那里获取30%的资本金存款。
84 Loan Deposit Ratio  存贷款比率
85 Broaden the definition of deposits used to compute the loan to deposit ratio or abolish the 75% loan deposit ratio as other ratios are already in place to monitor bank operations.  拓宽用于计算存贷款比率的存款定义，或者取消75%的存贷款利率，因为在监控银行经营方面已经应用了其它比率。
86 III Branches of Foreign Banks  三、外国银行的分行
87 Waiting Period for RMB Licences  人民币业务牌照的等候期
88 Abolish the waiting period for RMB licences  取消人民币业务牌照的等候期
89 Capital Requirements  资本金要求
90 Eliminate the mandatory 30% deposit of working capital or at least incorporate the 30% into the liquidity ratio calculations.  取消30%的法定营运资金存款，或者取消至少要在流动性比率的计算中加入30%的法定营运资金存款。
91 Reduce the capital adequacy ratio for branches or at least allow calculation on a consolidated basis for all Chinese branches of a same foreign legal entity.  降低分行的资本充足率，或者至少允许所有中国的银行分行与外国法定机构采用同样的计算标准。
92 Prudential Ratios  稳妥比率
93 Remove the net of long-term borrowings from overseas branches from the current liabilities, to compare assets and liabilities with the same tenor.  对于中国在海外的银行分行，将长期借款总额从流动负债中予以扣减，按同样的程序对资产和负债进行比较。
94 IV Representative Offices  四、代表处
95 Allow more than one representative office per foreign bank. 允许一个外国银行可设立一个以上代表处。
96 Securities  证券
97 Securities and Fund Business  证券和基金业务
98 Raise the 33% limit on foreign ownership in Joint Venture (JV) securities firms to allow 50-50 JV.  提高外国资金在证券合资企业（JV）中33%的限定，允许设立中外资本各占50%的合资企业。
99 Remove the restriction that the domestic partner in a JV securities firm has to be an existing securities firm.  取消证券合资企业的国内合伙人必须是已经成立的证券企业的限制。
100 Grant JV securities’ firms a full license instead of the present one which allows only underwriting and distributing.  准许证券合资企业获得完全的业务牌照，而不同于当前只允许保险业和分销业。

(待续)

资料来源：北京华文翻译公司
 
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