现在分词短语作结果状语的用法_阿富汉

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现在分词短语作结果状语的用法

(2011-04-29 09:33:49)

标签：

杂谈

先请看下列两道高考试题：

1.The storm left , a lot of damage to this area .(2005年全国Ⅰ卷)

A．caused B．to have caused C．to cause D．having caused

2.European football is played in 80 countries,____it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET98)

A.making B.makes C.made D.to make

Key:1D,2A

这两道试题考查的是现在分词短语作结果状语的用法。中英合作编写的高中英语（SEFC）和人教社“新高中英语”(New SEFC)中都出现过现在分词短语作结果状语的句子。如：

1.Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds,blocking roads,paths and railway lines.( SEFC 2A.p62)

1,500万棵树被狂风刮倒，把大小道路和铁路都堵塞了。

2.Her parents had died,leaving him a lot of money.( SEFC 2B.p84)

她父母死了，给他留下了许多钱。

3.In Sydney the Chinese team got 28gold medals,ranking third of all the competing countries.( New SEFC 1A.p53)

在悉尼奥运会上，中国队共获28枚金牌，在所有的参赛国中金牌总数名列第三。

4.Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature,thus creating a stable environment.( New SEFC 2B.p20)

水可以吸收或放出大量的热量而其温度不会变化很大，因此能创造一个稳定的环境。

5.Estuaries are also important because they absorb nutrients and pollutants from water coming inland sources,thus cleaning our water.( New SEFC 2B.p23)

河口之所以重要还因为它吸收来自内陆的各种营养物和污染物，从而使水得以净化。

要掌握好现在分词短语作结果状语的用法，须注意以下几点：

一、句子的主谓部分与分词之间含有逻辑上的因果关系，关于这一点可以从上述几个句子的翻译中不难看出。再如：

1.Winter in India sets in November and continues until February, permitting the cultivation of wheat.

印度的冬季从11月开始延续至下年的2月，所以可以种小麦。

2.He didn' t come today, making it necessary for us to find someone to do his work.

他今天没来，因而我们必须找人干他的工作。

3、When minerals are extracted from land surface mines, grasses and trees must be removed, causing erosion of the bare earth.
从地表露天矿开采矿物时，必须割伐草木，从而导致植被破坏和土壤流失。

二、表示结果的现在分词短语通常放在句子的后头，其前常有一逗号隔开，分词短语前有时可加上副词thus或thereby（因而、因此）。如：

1.Carbon burns in oxygen or air, thereby forming carbon dioxide.

碳在氧或空气中燃烧，因而形成了二氧化碳。

2.A number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus resulting in an increase in production.

这家工厂安装了许多新机器；因而增加了生产。

3.When these industries are established in the market area , more workers are employed, thereby adding to its economy.

当这些工业在市场区建立起来时，更多的工人被雇用，因此就增强了本地区的经济。

三、这种作结果状语的现在分词短语的逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以前边的整个句子。因而，在前一中情况下现在分词短语相当于由and连接的并列谓语；在后一中情况下现在分词短语相当于一个非限制性定语从句。例如：

1.He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. = … and broke it into pieces.

2. At the age of three his mother died, leaving him an orphan.= … and left him an orphan.

3.Plant height was highly correlated with(有密切的关系) maturity(成熟),indicating that population with short stems tends to be early in maturity. =… , which indicated that population with short stems tends to be early in maturity.

4.In 1905 the wild Colorado River cut through an outlet and rushed across the fields, forming a lake that became 72 kilometers long. =… , which formed a lake that became 72 kilometers long.

四、现在分词短语和不定式短语作结果状语的区别。从以上例句可以看出，现在分词短语作结果状语表示一种合乎情理的,顺其自然的结果；而不定式短语作结果状语，通常表示事先未曾预料到的情况或结果，有时不定式前用only，以加强“意想不到”的语气。如:

1. After the meeting, they parted company, never to see each other.

散会后他们分了手，从此再也没有见面。

2.He was then allowed by the natives to proceed, only to enter another hostile area.

以后土著人准许他通过，不料又进入了另一个怀有敌意的地区。

3.I rushed to the station in a hurry, only to find the train already gone.

我匆忙赶到火车站，不料火车己经开走了。

此外，在so（+形容词或副词+）as to，such+名词+as to，too…to，enough to等结构中，不定式短语也作结果状语。如：
4.My home town has changed too much for me to recognize. 我的家乡变化太大了，我简直认不出来。

5.We found the room not big enough to hold so many people.

我们发现这房间不够大，坐不了这么多人。

6.She shouted so as to be heard all along the street.

他喊得全街听见了。

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