加载中…新概念英语第二册（1-8）词汇课文语法全讲
(2016-04-19 09:11:55)
标签：
新概念英语第二册词汇 |
分类： 新概念英 |
新概念英语第二册（1-8）词汇课文语法全讲
NEW
CONCEPT ENGLISH BOOK 2
Lesson 1
A private
conversation
private
adj. 私人的
conversation
n. 谈话
theatre
n. 剧场，戏院
seat
n. 座位
play
n. 戏
loudly
adv. 大声地
angry
adj. 生气的
angrily
adv. 生气地
attention
n. 注意
bear
v. 容忍
business
n. 事
rudely
adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地
★private
adj.私人的
① adj.
私人的
private life
私生活
private school
私立学校
It's my
private letter.
（如果妈妈想看你的信）
It's my
private house.
（如果陌生人想进你的房子）
② adj.
普通的
private
citizen 普通公民
I’m a private
citizen. （citizen n.
公民）
public
adj. 公众的，公开的（private的反义词）
public school
公立学校
public letter
公开信
public place
公共场所
privacy
n.隐私
It’s privacy.
这是我的隐私!(不愿让别人知道的)
★conversation
n.谈话
have a +
talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名词变动词
conversation
一般用于正式文体中, 内容上往往不正式
subject of
conversation 话题
They are
having a conversation.
talk
内容可正式可不正式, 也可以私人
Let’s have a
talk.
dialogue 对话,
可以指正式国家与国家会谈
China and
Korea are having a dialogue.
chat
闲聊，就是北京人说的“侃”，说的是无关紧要的事。
gossip 嚼舌头,
说长道短
★theatre
n.剧场, 戏剧
cinema
n.电影院
★seat
n.座位
have a good
seat/place，这里的seat指place(指地点)，而不是chair.
take a
seat/take your seat 坐下来, 就坐
Is the seat
taken? 这个位置有人吗?
请坐的3种说法
:
Sit down,
please. (命令性)
Take your
seat, please.
Be seated,
please. (更礼貌)
作为动词的seat与sit的区别
sit（sat，sitten） vi.
就座
He is sitting
there. 他坐在那儿。
seat
vt.让某人就座
seat sb.
让某人就坐，后面会加人
Seat
yourself.
You seat
him.你给他找个位置.
When all those
present(到场者)_D_ he began his lecture.
A. sit
B. set C. seated
D. were seated
sit down
坐下；be seated=take a seat
就坐
★angry
adj. 生气的
★angrily
adv. 生气的
angry =cross
I was angry.
/He was cross.
annoyed:
恼火的;
be blue in the
face 脸上突然变色
程
I was
annoyed.
度
I was angry/cross.
加
I was very angry.
深
I am blue in the face. (脸色都青了,
相当生气了)
★attention
n. 注意
Attention
,please. 请注意(口语)
pay attention
注意
pay attention
to … 对……注意
You must pay
attention to that girl.
pay a little
attention 稍加注意
pay much
attention 多加注意
pay more
attention 更多注意
pay no
attention 不用注意
pay close
attention 特别注意
★bear(bore,
born) v. 容忍
① vt.
承受，支撑，承担，负担
Can the ice
bear my weight?
Who will bear
the cost? 谁来承担这笔费用？
② vt.
忍受（一般与can/could连用于疑问句及否定句中）
She eats too
fast. I can’t bear to watch/watching her.
她吃得太快。我看着受不了。
How can you
bear living in this place?
你怎么能受得了住在这个地方？
bear =stand
=put up with
I can't
bear/stand you.
endure:忍受,容忍
put up with
:忍受
I got
divorced（离婚）.I could not put up with him
bear/stand/endure
忍受的极限在加大
bear n.熊
white bear 白熊
bear hug
:热情(热烈)的拥抱
give sb. a
bear hug
★business
n. 事, 生意
① n.
生意
business man
:生意人
do business:
做生意
go to some
place on business:因公出差
I went to
Tianjin on business.
② n.
某人自己的私人的事情
It's my
business. (指私人的事, 自己处理的事)
It's none of
your business. 不关你的事。
★rudely
adv. 无礼地, 粗鲁地
rude adj.
粗鲁的，无礼的
★pay
vt. &vi. 支付
① vt. &vi.
支付（价款等）
Have you paid
the taxi-driver?
You can pay a
deposit of thirty pounds…
您可以先付30英镑的定金……
I’ll pay by
instalments.
I paid 50
dollars for this skirt. （pay…for sth.
花/支付……（钱）买……）
② vt. &vi.
给予（注意等）；去（访问）
They did not
pay any attention.
We paid a
visit to our teacher last Sunday.
上星期天我们去拜访了老师。
③ n.
工资，报酬
I have not
received my pay yet. 我还没有领到工资。
【Text】
Last week I
went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very
interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were
sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I
could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and
the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I
could not bear it. I turned round again. "I can't hear a word!" I
said angrily.
"It's none of
your business," the young man said rudely. "This is a private
conversation!"
参考译文：
上星期我去看戏.
我的座位很好, 戏很有意思, 但我却无法欣赏. 一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后, 大声地说着话. 我非常生气,
因为我听不见演员在说什么. 我回过头去怒视着那一男一女, 他们却毫不理会. 最后, 我忍不住了, 又一次回过头去, 生气地说 :
“我一个字也听不见了!”
“不关你的事,
“那男的毫不客气地说, “这是私人间的谈话!”
【课文讲解】
1、Last week I
went to the theatre.
动词go的原义是离开一个地方去另一个地方，与介词to连用后，常加上主语所要去的目的来代表主语的动作目的。
go to the +地点
表示去某地干嘛
go to the
theatre = go to the theatre to see a play去剧场看戏
go to the
cinema =see a film 去电影院看电影
go to the
dairy 去牛奶店
go to the + 人
+ 's 表示去这个人开的店
go to the
doctor's 去看病；go to the butcher's 买肉
以下短语中名词前不加冠词：
go to school
去上学；go to church 去做礼拜；go to hospital(医院) 去看病；go to bed
上床，睡觉；go
home（跟home相连一定表示没有事情可做,回家休息）
I am at home.
在家休息
2、I had a very
good seat.
seat一般指戏院、汽车等配置的固定座位，也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”等概念。
the front seat
of a car 汽车的前座
Take a seat,
please. 请坐。
3、I did not
enjoy it.
enjoy
vt. 欣赏，享受，喜爱
① enjoy +n.
喜欢,从当中得到一种享受（后面不能跟人）
I enjoy the
music.
enjoy the
dinner/film/program/game
② enjoy
oneself/代词 玩的开心
We always
enjoy ourselves.
③ enjoy
+动名词
Jane doesn’t
enjoy swimming. She enjoys going to the theatre.
4、I got very
angry.
get在这里有“逐渐变得”的含义，接近become，是个表示过程的动词，表示状态的变化。而I was
very angry则仅表示当时的状态是生气，并不暗示过程。
I am/was
angry. 是一个事实
I got angry.
强调变化过程
It is
hot.
It got
hot.
got取代be动词，got是一个半联系动词,可以直接加形容词。
5、I could not
hear the actors. I turned round.
hear+人:听见某人的话
I could not
hear you. Beg your pardon?
I couldn't
hear you./I couldn't hear a word./I couldn't catch your
words.
I couldn't
hear you clearly./I couldn't catch your words.
Beg your
pardon? /I couldn't catch your words.
turn round
=turn around 转身
6、In the end,
I could not bear it.
in the end
最后，终于，表示一段较长的时间之后或某种努力之后
I could not
bear it/you/the noise.
7、I can't hear
a word!
I can't hear a
word.
美音:肯定I can
[] 否定,I can't[],它的/t/是吞进去的, 在读音上很难区别,
只能根据上下文来定
hear a word of
sb. （a word 等于一句话）
He didn't say
a word.
May I speak to
Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?
8、It's none of
your business.
one’s business
指某人（所关心的或份内）的事
It's none of
your business./None of your business./It's my business.
不关你的事。
It is my
business to look after your health.
我必须照顾你的身体健康。
none相当于not
any或no one，但语气较强。
She kept none
of his letters. 他的信件她一封也没有保留。
none of
这个短语有时可以表达一种断然、甚至粗暴的口气，尤其是在祈使句中：
None of your
silly remarks! 别说傻话了！
【Key
structures】
简单陈述句的语序
陈述句一定是有主语,有动词,有宾语,有句号
when?
Who?
Action
Who?
How?
Where?
When?
1
---主语，一般由名词、代词或名词短语构成，通常位于动词之前，动词必须与主语一致，即主语决定动词的单复数形式
2
---谓语，由动词充当
3
---宾语，一般为名词、代词或名词短语
4
---副词或介词短语,对方式或状态提问,往往做状语 I like her very much
5
---地点状语，一般在方式副词之后，时间副词之前
6
---时间状语，可以放在句首或句末
简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语, 谓语.
如果问何时何地,是一个固定搭配 when and
where
【Multiple
choice questions】
1 The writer
turned round. He looked at the man and the woman angrily ___b___
.
a. and they
stopped talking
b. but they didn't stop talking
c. but they
didn't notice him d. but they
looked at him rudely
"They did not
pay any attention."
不是没看见，只是思想上没在意
pay attention:
从思想上注意、在意，如交通安全应注意.
notice:
眼睛上注意(=see 眼睛看)
I notice
her.
4 The young
man and young woman were sitting behind him. He was sitting ___d___
them.
a. before
b. above c. ahead of
d. in front of
behind:
在……后面
in front of
在……前面 (相对静止的概念)
before
在……前面 (后面加词或句子，一般和时间相连)
He arrived
before six o'clock.
before he came
back
above
在……上面
ahead of
在……前面 (+时间、位置)(动态的行为)
ahead of
time
He goes ahead
of me.
5 ___c___ did
the writer feel? Angry.
a. Where b.
Why c. How d. When
特殊疑问词对后面的答案提问
how(adv.)——对一个方式、状态提问，对形容词、副词、介词短语提问
7 The young
man and the young woman paid ___d___ attention to the
writer.
a. none b. any
c. not any d. no
any
——用在否定句和疑问句中
some——用在肯定句中
none——代词，没有任何东西、没有任何人
None
knows./None of us knows.
not——否定词,要放在非实义动词后面
not
any=no
He didn't pay
attention.
no——形容词、修饰名词
I don't have
any friends./I have no friends.
I have no
time./I don't have any time.
11 The writer
could not bear it. He could not ___c___ it.
a. carry b.
suffer c. stand d. lift
bear
忍受=stand
suffer
遭受,忍受 (精神或肉体上)痛苦，suffer后面必须加一种痛苦
I suffer the
headache.（肉体上的痛苦）
He often
suffers defeat.（精神上的痛苦）（defeat n.
失败）
Lesson 2
Breakfast or
lunch?
until
prep. 直到
outside adv.
外面
ring
v. （铃、电话等）响（rang, rung）
aunt
n. 姑，姨，婶，舅母
repeat
v. 重复
★until
prep.直到
until用于表示动作、状态等的持续，可译为“一直到……为止”或“在……以前”。在肯定句中，它与表示持续性状态的动词连用，表示持续到某一时刻：
I’ll wait here
until 5. 我会在这里等到5点钟。
His father was
alive until he came back.
直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的.
在否定句中，它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用，表示“到……为止”、“直到……才”：
She cannot
arrive until 6. 她到6点才能来。
His father
didn't die until he came back.
直到他回来,他爸爸才死.
until（后的从句）的时间终止之前,这个动作做了还是没做？做了前面的主句用肯定；没做前面的主句用否定
For he
___A(C)___(wait) until it stopped
raining.
A. waited
B. didn't
wait
A. leave
B. left
C. didn't
leave
I stay in bed
until twelve o'clock.
I didn't get
up until 12 o'clock.
★outside
adv. 外面（作状语）
He is waiting
for me outside.
It is cold
outside.
★ring(rang.
rung)
v.(铃、电话等)响
① vt.
鸣，(铃、电话等)响(这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事)
Every morning
the clock rings at 6.
The
telephone(door bell) is ringing.
而风铃等响要用jingle，jingle (bell) (铃儿) 响叮当
② vt.
打电话给（美语中用call）
ring sb.
给某人打电话
Tomorrow I'll
ring you.
③ n.
（打）电话
give sb. a
ring
Remember to
give me a ring. /Remember to ring me.
④ n.
戒指
★aunt
n. 姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼)
男性则是uncle: 叔叔
他们的孩子：cousin
堂兄妹(不分男女)
cousin的孩子：nephew 外甥；niece
外甥女
★repeat
v. 重复
① vt.
重复
Will you
repeat the last word?
They are
repeating that wonderful paly.
② vi.
重做，重说
Please repeat
after me.
Don’t
repeat.
【Text】
It was Sunday.
I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until
lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the
window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining
again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. 'I've
just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see
you.'
'But I'm still
having breakfast,' I said.
'What are you
doing?' she asked.
'I'm having
breakfast,' I repeated.
'Dear me,' she
said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one
o'clock!'
参考译文：
那是个星期天,
而在星期天我是从来不早起的, 有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候. 上个星期天, 我起得很晚. 我望望窗外, 外面一片昏暗. “鬼天气!”
我想, “又下雨了. “正在这时, 电话铃响了. 是我姑母露西打来的. “我刚下火车, “她说, “我这就来看你. “
“但我还在吃早饭,
“我说.
“你在干什么?”
她问道.
“我正在吃早饭,
“我又说了一遍.
“天啊, “她说,
“你总是起得这么晚吗?现在已经1点钟了!”
【课文讲解】
1、It was
Sunday.
it指时间、天气、温度或距离，it被称为“虚主语”（empty
subject）。作为第三人称单数的中性代词，it可以指一件东西、一件事件或用来指是什么人：
It is a lovely
baby.
2、I never get
up early on Sundays.
on Sundays:
所有的星期天,每逢星期天,与一般现在时连用，表示经常性的行为。
介词on一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on
that day
当使用last，next，this，that时，介词（以及定冠词）必须省略：
I’ll see you
next/this Friday.
never 从来不
(可以直接用在动词前面)=助动词+not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词)
I don't like
her.=I never like her.
3、I sometimes
stay in bed until lunchtime.
在表达卧床时bed前不需加冠词：
It’s time for
bed now.
You must
stay/remain in bed for another two days.
你必须再卧床两天。
4、Just then,
the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.
just then:
就在那时
如果不知道对方性别,
他/她可以用it取代
Who are
you?/Who is it ?
5、I've just
arrived by train,
by
直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词, 复数)；如果加修饰词, 就要换掉by用in或on
I go out by
bus.
I go out in/on
two buses. （指具体的两辆车介词用in/on）
Long ago
people could go to America only by ship/sea.
如果是特指的交通工具，则要加冠词或其他限定词：
My aunt left
by the 9:15 train.
by air
乘飞机 by bicycle/bike
骑自行车
by boat 乘船 by
bus 乘公共汽车
by car 乘小汽车 by
land 由陆路
by plane 乘飞机
by sea 由海路
by ship 乘船 by
train 乘火车
6、I'm coming
to see you. 我将要来看你.
用 come 的现在进行时态
be coming
表示一般将来，表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。同样用法的动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join…
7、Dear
me!
天哪!英国人说Dear
me!或My dear!
美国人说 : My god!
[] ([]发啊的音)注意美英的发音不同.
【Key
structures】
现在进行时和一般现在时
现在进行时表示说话的当时正在发生或正在发生的事件,也用来表示现阶段(一段时间)的动向。现在进行时常与now，just，still等副词连用：
I am working
as a teacher. "现阶段"
He is still
sleeping. （现在还在睡觉）
Jane is just
dressing up. 简正在打扮。
一般现在时表示习惯性动作,
真理,
是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情。一般现在时一般与频率副词often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever等连用。
Helen never
writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings
him.
频率副词往往放在句子中的实义动词前, 非实义动词后；如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词,
要放在两个之间；疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面。在否定句中not必须放在always之前，而且也出现在generally、normally、often、regularly和usually之前；not必须出现在sometimes和frequently之后。表示肯定的速记可以用在句尾；在特别强调和需要对比时，frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually等副词可用于句首。
非实义动词
:
①
系动词(be)
②
帮助动词构成时态的助动词(do, does, will, shall, have, had,
has)
③ 情态动词(must,
can, may) 除此之外都是实义动词.
I frequently
go to bed hungry. （形容词作状语）
He went to
school hungry.饿着肚子上学.
You must come
here hungry.空腹来这里.
【Special
Difficulties】
以what开头的感叹句：
在英语中可用what引导的感叹句来表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等感情，在感叹中主谓语采用正常语序。
What
对名词感叹，感叹句的结构为：What +a/an (+adj.)+n.(+主语+谓语)!
What a good
girl (she is)! （主、谓可省）
有上下文和一定的语境,
才能省略形容词。一般省略形容词表示批评或不大好的意思。
What a thing
to say! 多么难听的话啊！
What (a lot
of) trouble( he is causing)!
【Multiple
choice questions】
5.He doesn't
get up early on Sundays. He gets up ___a___ .
a. late
b. lately c. slowly d. hardly
late
晚的
lately
=recently 最近的, 近来的.
How are you
going lately? 最近一段时间身体还好吗?
8
He ___a___ out of the window and saw that it was
raining.
a. looked b.
saw c. remarked d. watched
look
表示看的动作，后面一定要加介词
see
表示看的结果，后面直接加宾语
watch
表示观看，后面直接加宾语, 但宾语一定是能够活动的东西
look at
pictures (对)；watch pictures(错)
11
Breakfast is the first ___d___ of the
day.
a. food b.
dinner c. lunch d. meal
lunch
中餐 food
食物
dinner
正餐
一天中最丰盛的那顿饭,
可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但决不会是早餐.
meal
一顿饭
Lesson 3
Please Send Me a
Card
send
v. 寄，送
postcard
n. 明信片
spoil
v. 使索然无味，损坏
museum
n. 博物馆
public
adj. 公共的
friendly
adj. 友好的
waiter
n. 服务员，招待员
lend
v. 借给
decision
n. 决定
whole
adj. 整个的
single
adj. 唯一的，单一的
★send
v. 寄, 送
send a letter
寄信
send sth. to
sb. /send sb. sth. 给某人送（寄）什么东西
send/take
children to school：take强调某人亲自送；send则是通过第三人去送,
如美国的校车
take flowers
to his wife 自己送
send flowers
to his wife 叫店里的人送
★postcard
n. 明信片
两个爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。这里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音
name card
/visiting card 名片
Here is my
name card. (口语常用, 同时伴随着递出的动作)
ID card
身份证 （ID
身份）
credit card
信用卡
cash card
现金卡, 储蓄卡,
工资卡(不能透支的那种)
★spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然无味,
损坏
① vt.
弄坏，损坏，糟蹋
The sad news
spoiled our weekend.
这不幸的消息使我们没能过好周末。
The rain
spoiled the school sports.
这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。
This spoiled
my day.
What you said
spoiled me.
His arrival
spoiled my holiday.
② vt.
宠坏，惯坏，溺爱
Don’t spoil
your children. 不能太惯孩子。
His parents
spoiled the boy.
spoil:
把东西的质量变得不好; 生活中不顺心的事;宠坏, 溺爱
break: 打破;
break the windows 打破玻璃
damage: 破坏,
程度不一定很重
destroy : 破坏,
彻底摧毁
以上三个是指物理上的破坏,
而spoil主要指精神上的
★museum
n. 博物馆
Palace Museum
故宫
★public
adj. 公共的
① adj.
公共的，公众的，社会的
There is a
public library in this town.
I always sit
in public gardens on Sundays.
② adj.
公开的，众人皆知的
Their secret
meeting was made public 20 years later.
他们的秘密会晤20年以后才被公开。
public
house（酒吧）简称pub
public place
公共场所
in public
公开的；in private
私下里的
Let’s have a
conversation in private.
让我们私下谈谈?
Why not have a
conversation in public?
为什么不公开谈呢?(当面说呢?)
③ n.
公众，群众，大众
The public
is/are pleased with his explanation.
公众对他的解释很满意。
The museum is
open to the public on Sunday.
★friendly
adj. 友好的
friendly是形容词，单独使用时一般做定语；作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a
friendly way
He is not very
friendly to John.
She gave me a
friendly greeting.
He always
greets me in a friendly way.
以-ly结尾的形容词还有lovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherly
★waiter
n. 服务员, 招待员
waiter(男服务员),
waitress(女服务员), 只出现在餐馆里
chief waiter
领班
shop assistant
商店里的店员
attendant
n.
（其他公共场所的）服务员
★lend
v.
借给
lend
to（借出）：lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.
borrow
from（借进）：borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. （borrow不能用 borrow sb
sth.）
★decision
n. 决定
make /take a
decision作出决定
It was not
easy for me to make/take this decision.
Are you
made/taken a decision?
make a
big/great decision (big：重大；great：伟大, 更重大)
decide
v. 决定
★whole
adj. 整个的
a whole bottle
of milk 一整瓶牛奶
the whole…，the
whole day 整天 ，two whole weeks
整整两星期
all th…，all
the day (the可省略) 整天
all of后面如果加代词,
代词前面不需要修饰词；一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the
all of us；all
of the students
★single
adj. 唯一的, 单一的
反义词 : double
双倍的
【Text】
Postcards
always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited
museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a
few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines,
but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about
postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to
my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early
and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room,
but I did not write a single card!
参考译文：
明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁.
去年夏天, 我去了意大利. 我参观了博物馆, 还去了公园. 一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语, 之后还借给我一本书. 我读了几行,
但一个字也不懂. 我每天都想着明信片的事. 假期过得真快, 可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片. 到了最后一天,
我作出了一项重大决定. 我早早起了床, 买来了37张明信片. 我在房间里关了整整一天.
然而竟连一张明信片也没写成!
【课文讲解】
1、Last summer,
I went to Italy.
last：
① adj.
上一个
last
summer里的last表示 “上一个”
② adj.
最后一个，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词the
the last day
最后一天
（具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on）
2、A friendly
waiter taught me a few words of Italian.
Italian[]于Italy[] :
注意重读音的位置不同
teach sb. sth.
教某人做某事
He teaches our
English.(错)
He teaches us
English.(对)
语言不可数, 所以要用a
little Italian或a few words of Italian
I can speak a
little English/a few words of English.
a
few可与复数可数名词连用，表示肯定，含有some，a small number
of（一些，少数几个）的意思。
The police
would like to ask him a few questions.
警察要问他一些问题。
3、Everyday I
thought about postcards.
think about/of
考虑, 思考，指某一段时间一直在想/考虑某事, think
of还可指想到
What do you
think of?
What do you
think of TV program last night?
What do you
think of the weather today? 你觉得天气怎么样?
think over
仔细考虑，反复思考
What’s the
weather like today?
cold,
chilly（非常非常冷）, freeze
I'll
freeze.我要冻僵了
4、I spent the
whole day in my room, but I did not write a single
card!
spend与表示时间的词或短语连和时，意思为“花（时间）”、“度过”
spend+时间+地点 :
在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间
I spend three
hours in the sea.
I spend my
weekend at my mother's.
I spend three
hours in the classroom everyday.
I spend a lot
of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)
spend还可以表示“花钱”
If we spend
all the money, we’ll be poor again.
I can’t spend
any more on this car.
【Key
structures】
一般过去时
一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生，而不指动作持续多久。
Do you ever
catch a cold in the winter?
Yes, I caught
a cold last winter.
【Special
Difficulties】
直接宾语与间接宾语
双宾语：直接宾语(表示动作结果，动作所涉及的事物)和间接宾语(动作目标，动作是谁做的或为谁做的，通常是人)。间接宾语大多数情况下置于直接宾语之前，如果间接宾语在后，间接宾主前必须加“to”（表示动作对什么人做）或“for”（表示动作为什么人而做）。
give sb.
sth./give sth to sb
间接宾语在后面时,
其前必须加to(对……而言)或for(为……而做)。可以翻译为“给”、“替”、“为”的，就用for；如果只能翻译为“给”的,
就用to
与to相连的give,
take, pass, read, sell,
buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe
take flowers
to my wife.
与for相连的
buy, order, make, find
I buy a book
for you .
make a cake
for you
find sth. for
sb.
do sb. a favor
帮某人一个忙
Do me a favor
please./Do a favor for me? 帮我一个忙
I do something
for you.
Can I order
something for you?
Can I buy you
a bottle of beer ? 意为我请你喝杯酒的意思
【Multiple
choice questions】
4
___a___ him a few words of Italian? The
waiter.
a. Who taught
b. Who did
teach c.
What did he teach
d. Whom did he teach
人做主语提问——who
对宾语提问——whom
who既可以对主语提问也可以对宾语提问, 而whom只能对宾语提问
如果对主语提问,
则句子的语序和陈述句语序一样；如果对非主语来提问, 则句子要使用特殊疑问词+一般疑问句的语序
Who/Whom did
the waiter teach a few words of Italian?
5
He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the writer
___d___ .
a. friend
b. as
friends
c. like friends d. in a
friendly way
He spoke to
the writer like a friend.
in...way
:以...方式
作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly
way
7
He spent the whole day in his room. He was in his
room ___c___ day.
a. the hole
b. the all c. all d. all
of
all (the) day
all of
后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词all of us；一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the
all of the
friends all of my friends all
of the students
10
On the last day he made a big decision. It was
the ___a___ day of his holiday.
a. final
b. end
c. latest
d.
bottom
final——形容词
end——名词/动词 latest——形容词
bottom——名词
latest
adj. 最新的
latest
news；latest style 新款
11
He made a big decision. He ___b___
.
a. thought
about it b.
made up his mind
c. changed his mind
d. made a
wish
think
about:考虑、思考、想
make up one's mind:下定决心
change one's
mind:改变主意
make a wish : 许个心愿, 愿望, 许愿
Lesson 4
An exciting
trip
exciting
adj. 令人兴奋的
receive
v. 接受，收到
firm
n. 商行，公司
different
adj. 不同的
centre
n. 中心
abroad
adv. 在国外
★exciting
adj. 令人兴奋的
exciting
adj. 令人兴奋的；excited
adj. 兴奋的
-ed: 自己感到 /
-ing:令人感到
The news
exciting.
exciting boy
令人兴奋的男孩
I am
excited.
excite
v.
激动（这类动词的宾语一定是人，让后面的人感到……）
The news
excited me.
interesting
adj. 令人感到有趣的；interested
adj. 感到有意思的
interesting
man
The man is
interesting.
interest
v. 对……感兴趣
The book
interests me. 那本书让我感到很有趣
★receive
v. 接受, 收到
① vt.
接到，收到，得到
When did you
receive that letter?
② vt.
招待，接待
You need a
large room if you are going to receive so many
guests.
receive是“收到”，指的是一个被动的动作，主观上接受与否不清楚。
receive/have a
letter from sb.
accept
同意接收
This morning I
received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept
it.
take则是主动的“拿”、“取”
I received a
beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me
yesterday.
take
也可以作收到
take the exam
接受考试； take advice
接受建议
★firm
n. 商行, 公司
company
n. 公司
★different
adj. 不同的
① adj.
不同的，相异的（经常与from连用）
We are
planning something different this year.
我们今年有不同的打算。
My room is
different from yours.
② adj.
各种各样的，不同的
This
department store sells a large number of different
things.
这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。
He has visited
many different places in China.
他去过中国的不少地方。
★abroad
adv. 在国外（副词, 直接和动词连用）
go abroad
去国外
live abroad
国外定居
study abroad
国外学习
【Text】
I have just
received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has
been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a
big firm and he has already visited a great number of different
places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has
gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He
will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My
brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip
very exciting.
参考译文
我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信, 他正在澳大利亚.
他在那儿已经住了6个月了. 蒂姆是个工程师, 正在一家大公司工作, 并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了. 他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车,
现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯. 他不久还将到达达尔文去, 从那里, 他再飞往珀斯. 我弟弟以前从未出过国, 因此,
他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心.
【课文讲解】
1、I have just
received a letter from my brother, Tim.
同位语：一个名词（或短语等）与另一个名词（或短语）并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。
在译成汉语时，同位语或者插入主句中，或者另译为一句，很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。
This is John,
one of my best friends.
这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。
Mrs. Smith, my
neighbore, has never been abroad.
我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。
2、He has been
there for six months.
one
month[]；two months[] 注意读音 将//省略
I have arrived
in Beijing. （arrive
是瞬间动词不能和段时间连用）
has been + in
地点
He has been in
Beijing for one year.
He has been in
America for tow years.
3、He is
working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of
different places in Australia.
work for
在……上班/任职，强调work
I am working
for a school.
work in
强调地点（在哪个地方上班）
I am working
in the New Oriental school.
work at
上班
a number
of后面一定要加可数名词复数；通常number前有great，large，good，small，certain等形容词，数量大小也随之改变。a
great number of 类似于, 约等于a lot of；
A large/great
number of our students are Danish.
There are a
small number of spelling mistakes in your
homework.
a lot of
可加可数名词也可加不可数名词
I have a lot
of friends
I have a great
number of friends.
4、He has just
bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small
town in the centre of Australia.
has gone to
去了某地没回来
has been to
曾经去过某地, 现在不在那个地方
Have you been
to Paris?
5、From there,
he will fly to Perth.
from
there:从那地方起
from
即可以加时间又可以加地点
from half past
8 to half past 11
from Beijing
to Tianjing
fly to Perth =
go to Perth by air
6、My brother
has never been abroad before, so he is fending this trip very
exciting.
before在句子后是副词,
译为“在此之前”，是现在完成时态的标志
find作“发现”、“发觉”讲时宾语往往带补足语（一般为形容词），说明宾语的状况、性质等。
find
+宾语+形容词做宾补
find the room
clean
find her
happy
be
finding在口语中经常使用
I'm finding...
. . We’re finding... ...
下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时：believe，doubt，see，hear，know，understand，belong，think，consider，feel，look，seem，show，mind，have，sound，taste，require，possess，care，like，hate，love，detest，desire
【Key
structures】
现在完成时
现在完成时表示动作现存的结果，或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。常与现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语：before
(now)（以前）；it’s the first tiem（第一次）；so for（到目前为止）；so far this
morning（到上午为止）；up to now（直到现在）；up to the
present（直到目前）；just（刚刚）；recently（最近）；already（已经）；lately（最近）；now（现在）；for
一段时间；since+时间；still（还；仍）；at
last（终于）；finally（最终）；疑问句和否定句中常用ever，yet，never，not…ever等。
现在完成时还可和表示频度的副词连用，表示反复和习惯性动作，如often（经常），frequently（屡次），three
times（三次）等。
【Multiple
choice questions】
3
Tim is in Australia. He went ___a___ Australia
six months ago.
a. to b. in c.
at d. into
at…
表示位置 （be at是典型表示位置的介词短语）
go to…
只要有to这个感念, 它的后面一定要有宾语, go to the
theater
go in…
(in 做副词)很少加宾语 He went in.
go into…
有去向的动作, 还有进入的动作 go into the
room
move常用的意义是“动”、“移动”，在表达“搬家”这个意思时move可以单独使用，也可组成短语move
to，move into，move in，move out。
move
in:搬进来
move to the
new house:正在搬
move into
:搬进去了
move out
搬走
4
Tim is in Australia. How long ___b___
there?
a. is he b.
has he been c. has he d. was he
how
long...对段时间提问, 跟现在完成时相连
11
He will soon visit Darwin. He will visit
Darwin＿c＿.
a. quickly
b. for a short time
c. shortly
d. in a
hurry
quickly
指的是动作上的快
He went
quickly .
for a short
time 不久, 表示动作延续一段时间
soon = shortly
不久以后, 表示在这段时间之后，强调的是时间上的快
in a
hurry:匆忙的（指动作）
Lesson 5
No wrong
numbers
pigeon
n. 鸽子
message
n. 信息
cover
v. 越过
distance
n. 距离
request
n. 要求，请求
spare part
备件
service
n. 业务，服务
★pigeon
n. 鸽子
It's not my
pigeon. ＝None of my business.
不关我的事。
★message
n. （口头或书面的）信息
Here is a
message for you from your sister.
an
oral/written message
口信/便条
leave sb. a
message
给……留便条
I'll leave you
a message.
take a message
for sb. 替某人捎口信
Can I take a
message for you?
我能替你捎个口信吗?
Can you take a
message for me?
你能替我捎个口信吗?
take a message
to sb. 给某人口信
打电话
:
Hello!--May I
have a word with Tom ?/May I speak with/to Tom?
--Can you
take a message for me?
information
n. 信息（不可数）
messenger
n. 送信人，信使
★cover
v. 越过；覆盖
① vt.
盖，覆盖
Snow covered
the whole village.
She covered
the child with a coat.
她给孩子盖了件外衣。
② vt.
行过（一段距离），走过（通常不用被动语态）
cover+距离
越过……
You can cover
the distance to the museum in ten minutes.
③ n.
覆盖物，盖子，罩子，套子
Put a cover on
the box!
★distance
n. 距离
keep distance
保持距离
distant
adj.远距离的
Can I share
this table?
Can I join
you?
importance
n. 重要 important
adj. 重要的
difference
n. 不同
different adj.
不同的
★request
n. 要求, 请求
①
n.
request for
对……有请求, 有需求
I have a
request for the cake.
He granted my
request for more time.
他同意了我延长时间的请求。
She sent a
request for help to Gary.
她向加里请求帮助。
② v. 要求,
请求
request sb.to
do sth. ＝ask sb.to do sth.
要求某人做……
require sb.to
do sth. 要求某人做……
You are
required/asked to do sth.
（对人要求习惯用被动语态）
★spare
adj. 备用的
① vt.
抽出（时间等），让给
Have you got
five minutes to spare?
I cannot spare
the time.
I have no time
to spare.
② vt.
饶恕，赦免
The robbers
spared his life.
‘Share
me!’begged the prisoner.
③ adj.
多余的，空闲的，剩下的，备用的
You can sleep
in the spare bedroom.
Where can I
get spare parts for this machine?
I have no
spare time now.
‘Have you any
old clothes that you do not want?’ he asked.
=‘Have you any
old clothes to spare?’he asked.
★service
n. 业务, 服务
service作为不可数名词时通常用于表示旅馆、餐馆以及商店等对旅客、顾客等的侍候、接待或服务；作为可数名词时可以表示为帮助他人所采取的行动或所做的工作。
service既可以指公用事业的业务，如：the mail service（邮政业务）、the
telephone service（电话业务）；也可指办这些业务的机构，如：a travel service（旅行社）、a news
service（通讯社）。
At your
service. = Glad to be at your service. = I am glad to be at your
service.
我很乐意为您效劳.
serve
v. 服务, 接待
——Thank
you.
——You are
welcome.(下次又需要再来找我)/Not at all.(根本完全不用谢)/That's (all)right./That's
ok.(绝对正确, 绝对过时)/(It's) My pleasure.(我很高兴这么做, 把自己放得很低,
把对方抬得很高)
Thank you for
your listening.在讲课, 演讲结束时说, 即感谢大家的合作的概念（应以鼓掌回应）
情急之下, 可用No
thanks.回答
——Sorry.
——No sorry.
【Text】
Mr.James Scott
has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage
in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr.
Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just
bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first
message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in
three minutes. Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests
for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the
other. In this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone'
service.
参考译文
詹姆斯.斯科特先生在锡尔伯里有一个汽车修理部, 现在他刚在平赫斯特买了另一个汽车修理部.
平赫特离锡尔伯里只有5英里, 但詹姆斯.斯科特先生未能为他新的汽车修理部搞到一部电话机, 所以他买了只鸽子. 昨天,
一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫特带到锡尔伯里. 这只鸟只用了3分钟就飞完了全程. 到目前为止,
斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件. 就这样, 他开始自己的私人 “电话”
业务.
【课文讲解】
1、Mr.James
Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another
garage in Pinhurst.
garage[]
n. 车库,
车行（英美读音不同）
another(+单数名词)
其它的很多个中的一个，
Can you show
me another?
other(+名词)
adj.其它的(可加单/复数名词)
the other
两个之中的另外一个
one…the other…
一个……另一个……
One is
watering the flowers, and the other is reading.
others(不用再加名词)= other + 名词复数
Some boys are
playing football, and others are rowing/(going
boating).
2、Pinhurst is
only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone
for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve
pigeons.
介词from在这里表示距离上相隔，作“距……”、“离……”讲，常与away连用
It is far
(away) from here.
Bus stop is
only one mile from school/here.
Bus stop is
only one mile (away).
How far...?
多远（对距离提问）
How far(away)
is the bus stop?
How far is
your home(from here)?
My home is ten
miles away from here.
get a
telephone 得到电话,
安装电话
3、Yesterday, a
pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to
Silbury.
carry
v. 带着,
携带（其强调所携带的东西不会着地）
I carried my
son. （背或抱着）
I carry the
bag.
take
v. 带着
I take my
sister to the cinema.
from…to…表示从一个地方到另一个地方
He looked at
the girl from head to foot.
The news
spread from house to house.
家家户户都得知了这条消息。
4、The bird
covered the distance in three minutes.
cover the
distance
飞过那段距离
5、Up to now,
Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other
urgent messages from one garage to the other.
up to now =up
till now
到目前为止，到现在为止(作时间状语，时态多用现在完成时，相当于until/till now)
request for
对……的需求
a great
many(+可数名词复数)
许多……
a great
many可以做形容词短语：
A great many
trees were destroyed in the storm.
也可作代词短语：
a great number
of(+可数名词复数) 许多……
urgent
adj. 紧急的
something
urgent 紧急的事情
【Key
structures】
一般过去时与现在完成时
在表示过去某个特定时间发生的事情或动作时，要用一般过去时。在表示刚刚或者已经完成一个动作并且对现在有影响时，则要用现在完成时，时间状语可以是不特指的now，just或者for引导的一段时间，或者不加任何时间状语。
一般过去时与现在完成时的共同点：动作在过去都做过了；区别：过去式只能强调过去的事,
和现在没有任何关系.
I ate a piece
of bread.
现在完成时,
强调过去的事情对现在产生的影响.
I have eaten a
piece of bread this morning. I'm not hungry.
The clock
stopped. 陈述事实
The clock has
stopped. 过去的事实对现在造成影响
It snowed
yesterday.
It has snowed
yesterday. 强调对现在造成影响
【Special
Difficulties】
带way的短语
in the way
按照，以……方式
Do your work
in the way I have shown you.
按我给你示范的方法来做你的工作。
I do the work
in the way you showed me.
I fly the kite
in the way you showed me.
in the/one’s
way 挡路；妨碍（某人）
Sorry, you are
in the way.(在口语中很少用, 一般直接用Excuse me.就可以了)
in this way
这样,以这种方式
in a way
从某种意义上来说，在某种程度上
In a way, you
are kind.
in a friendly
way 用友好的方式
in the family
way 怀孕了, 快有小孩了(have a
baby)
The woman is
in the family way.
by the way
随便说一声,
随便问一下(插入语，改变话题时用)
on the/one’s
way(to) 在去……的途中(陈述句)
:
on the way to
school/the office；on the way home
out of the way
让路
Get out of the
way! 你给我滚出去!
get one's own
way 随心所欲 (at one’s
pleasure)
关于系动词 : 一般来说,
如be become 一定不单独使用, 往往要在后面加上表语,
我们称它为系动词.
但另外还有一些系动词同时又是不及物的实义动词, 常见的有 : seem, look, appear,
sound, taste, feel, smell, stay, remain, keep, grow, turn, go, run,
get, prove, stand等,
这些词有的语法书上称为半联系动词.
【Multiple
choice questions】
4
Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his garage.
___b___ he has just bought twelve pigeons.
a. That's so
b. That's why c. Because d. For
so表示前面是原因,
后面是结果
That's why+从句
那就是……原因, 前者是原因, 后者why后面是结果was
caught in the traffic jam. That's why I was late.
That's后面的表语从句常常用特殊疑问词引导, 再加一个句子
That's when we
can start class.
That's where
we will have a meeting.
That's how I
get to school.
8
Mr. Scott has a garage in Silbury. His ___b___
garage is in Pinhurst.
a. another
b. other c.
else d. different
在语法上,
冠词（an/a）、形容词性物主代词（his/my/your）、名词所有格（my mother's）不能同时并存的,
一般要用只能用其中一个
another=an
+other 另外一个，强调的是剩下的还有好几个当中的一个,
强调的是有三个以上
other
其它的, 加单数就表示一个, his取代the的位置
语法的范围正在放宽松,
his another 也对, 但不太好
else
其他的，放在被修饰词的后面, 会修饰两种词, 疑问词和不定代词
修饰疑问代词： who
else,…
What else can
I do for you?
修饰不定代词：anyone
else, anything else
Lesson 6
Percy Buttons
beggar
n. 乞丐
food
n. 食物
pocket
n. 衣服口袋
call
v. 拜访，光顾
★beggar
n. 乞丐
beg
v.乞求
I beg your
pardon?
beg for
乞求得到
ask for
请求得到（ask sb. for sth. 向某人索要某物）
★food
n. 食物（不可数）
a lot of
food
★pocket
n. 衣服口袋
inner pocket
内口袋；jacket pocket 夹克的口袋；coat
pocket 大衣口袋
pocket book
袖珍书；pocket dictionary
袖珍词典
pocket pick
车上的小偷
pocket money
(小孩的)零花钱
change
零钱
get exact
change
准备好正确的零花钱
beer money
(男人的)零花钱
★call
v. 拜访, 光顾
① vt.&vi.
叫，喊
I heard
someone calling.
call out
=shout 大声喊
② vt.
呼唤，召唤
Lucy is sick.
Please call a doctor.
③ vi.
访问，拜访；（车、船等）停靠
Amy called (at
our house) yesterday.
The train
calls at large stations only.
这列火车只停大站。
call on
sb. 拜访某人
I will call on
you. 我要去你家。
call
at+地点＝visit someplace 拜访某地
I will call at
your home. 我要去你家。
④ vt.&vi.
打电话
call sb =call
up sb. 给某人打电话
call back
回某人电话
Can you take a
message for me? =Can you tell him to call back?
call in sb.
招集和邀请某人
For the
project, the government called in a lot of
experts.
【Text】
I have just
moved to a house in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my
door. He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for
this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs. I gave him a
meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of
cheese in his pocket and went away. Later a neighbour told me about
him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at
every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal
and a glass of beer.
参考译文
我刚刚搬进了大桥街的一所房子. 昨天一个乞丐来敲我的门, 问我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒. 作为回报,
那乞丐头顶地倒立起来, 嘴里还唱着歌. 我给了他一顿饭. 他把食物吃完, 又喝了酒. 然后把一块乳酪装进衣袋里走了. 后来,
一位邻居告诉了我他的情况. 大家都认识他, 他叫珀西.巴顿斯. 他每月对这条街上的每户人家光顾一次,
总是请求给他一顿饭和一杯啤酒.
【课文讲解】
1、Yesterday a
beggar knocked at my door.
★knock
v. 敲门
① vi.
敲门
I knocked, but
no one answered.
knock at
敲（门、窗等）
knock at the
door；knock at the window
② vt.&vi.
碰撞
You always
knock things off the table.
你总是碰掉桌上的东西。
Jim was
knocked over by a bus this morning.
今天上午吉姆被一辆公共汽车撞倒了。
She has
knocked a cup over again.
她又碰倒了一个杯子。
③ vt.
把（某人）打成……状态
He knocked Tom
out yesterday. 他昨天把汤姆打昏过去了。
④
与off连用时有一些特殊含义，一般用于口语
vt.
（价格上）减去，除去，打折扣
They knocked
five dollars off the price of the coat.
The shop
assistant knocked 10% off the bill.（He reduced the price by
10%.）
vi.
下班，停止，中断（工作等）
When do you
usually knock off? 你一般什么时候下班？
He knocked off
for lunch at half past eleven.
他十一点半休息吃中午饭。
2、He asked me
for a meal and a glass of beer.
ask (sb.) for
sth =request for sth.
问某人要什么东西
（for为了这个目的去请求某人, sb.更多的时候不出现, ask for
sth.）
The boy asked
(his parents)for money again/once more.
3、In return
for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang
songs.
in return for
this 作为对……的回报，作为交换（this
在代词当中常常指代上文的一件事情）
I'll buy a
present for him in return for hospitality. （hospitality
adj. 热情）
in return
作为回报
He doesn't
want anything in return.
他不想得到任何回报
stood on his
head 倒立
stand on one's
hands 用手着地(hand单数就是一只手, 双手复数)
stand on one's
knees 跪着,
膝盖
lie on one's
back 仰面躺着
lie on one's
side 侧躺
lie on one's
stomach 趴着
4、Later a
neighbour told me about him.
介词about可以和一些动词连用，以表示“关于……（的）”、“涉及……（的）”
tell sb. about
sth. 告诉某人某事（about关于,
通过其他事自己得出的结论）
tell you about
him
tell you about
the word 解释这个单词的意思
tell sb. sth.
告诉某人某件事(把事情直接告诉)
tell you the
news
tell you the
word 直接告诉这个单词
5、Everybody
knows him.
everybody作为主语一定作单数看待, 属于不定代词
所有的不定代词作为主语一律为单数看待 :
somebody，anybody，everything等
6、He calls at
every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal
and a glass of beer.
calls at
光顾，拜访
in the
street（英国）/on the street（美国）
once a month
一个月一次, 单位表达方式
once
adj. 表示每……一次（表示频率时后面直接加表示时间的名词）, 计量单位 “/”
（每……）
five
kilometers an hour
He goes back
to the South once a year.
【Key
structures】
A, The and
Some
当表示不确定的某个人或物时，用不定冠词a/an（单数,
可数名词）；当表示不可数的名词时，则需要由不定冠词加量词组成词组。
在表示一种笼统概念（某某一类/一种东西）的陈述句中可以省略a和some
A tiger is a
dangerous animal.
Tigers are
dangerous.
Salt is
necessary for/to us all.
表示某个确定的人或事物或者上文已提到过的人或事物，则要用定冠词the（有时相当于this/that/these/those）,可数名词单/复数或不可数名词均可。
在姓名、地名、国名（非复合词）以及月份、星期等前面不加任何冠词。
a和the的区别：a是泛指,
a man；特指, the man
在文章当中第一次出现名词的时候往往用a和an修饰,
第二次出现的时候用the
A man is
walking towards me. The man is carrying a parcel. The parcel is
full of meat.
I have just
drunk a glass of milk. Milk is very
refreshing.
I ate an
apple. Apples are delicious.
She always
buys flour, sugar and tea at the grocer's.
一般姓名前一般不能加冠词，表示“某某一类人当中,
具有这种特征当中的一个”，加不定冠词a
a Mr. Zhang
张先生这类人
【Special
Difficulties】
短语动词
某些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义, 这种新的组合称作短语动词
put
v. 放
put on
穿上，戴上
tak
v. 拿走
take off
脱掉，摘掉
look
v. 看
look at
看；look for 寻找；look after
照顾；look out 当心；look out of
向外看
call
call at；call
on；call in；call back；
call for
去取某物,
去接某人；需要
The problem
calls for immediate action.
这个问题需要立即采取行动
knock
v. 敲
knock at
敲门
knock off
下班
He knocked off
earlier.
knock off
打折
Knock 10% off
the price.
把……撞倒，如果有地点，用介词off；无地点，用介词over
knock sth.
off+地点
knock the vase
off the table
I knocked the
boy off the bicycle.
knock
over
A car knocked
the boy over.
knock out
打晕, 在拳击场合中, 把人打倒在地叫knock
out(专用术语)
【Multiple
choice questions】
5
A neighbour told me about him. He ___d___ Percy
Buttons was a beggar.
a. told b.
said me c. told to me d. said
He says +
句子；He says +that+句子；say to sb.
tell sb.
+that+句子
He said to
me/He told me
他告诉我
He told me he
was a Beggar./He said he was a Beggar.
6
Everybody knows him. ___a___ know
him.
a. They all
b. Each c.
Every d. All they
all of us, we
all 我们所有人
every
adj. 每一个
every +n.
每一个(书, 本, 人等)
every person
likes…
each
adj.&pron.
每一个
each +n；each
直接作主语或者宾语
each person
likes.../each likes...
every只能是形容词性，强调整体，常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目，不能直接做主语；each既可作形容词，又可作代词，强调个体，常用以一个确定的并通常是有限的数目，在作代词时，直接作主语或宾语，使用第三人称单数
7
___d___ does he call? Once a
month.
a. How seldom
b. How long c. How soon d. How often
once a month
每月一次, 属于频率
对频率提问 : how
often
How often do
you visit your mother? 对时间和次数提问
提问多久 : how
long
How long do
you visit your mother?
对时间提问
提问次数 : how
many times
How many times
do you visit your mother each month?
how soon
多久以后
How soon will
you finish your homework?
8
A beggar is a person who ___a___
.
a. asks for
money but doesn't work b. asks for food
c. works hard
d. is out of work
out of work
失业
I am out of
work./I lose my job.
10
She gave him a piece of cheese. He put the
___a___ of cheese in his pocket.
a. bit b. bar
c. block d. packet
a bit of /a
piece of 在英文中经常互用
bar 门闩 : 长条状
:
a bar of
chocolate; a bar of soap
block
n. 房子；块, 一大块；v.
堵塞
packet
一包
12
All the houses in our ___a___ are the same age
and size.
a. street
b. way c. road
d. route
same age and
size 同年代同样式
street
两边有房子的街道, 强调城市里的街道
way, on the
way, in the way 挡住某人的路(强调方向)
road
路的通称
road home
通往家的路 (张艺谋的影片《我的父亲母亲》的英文名)
route
路线
〖语法精粹〗
1.How can
you___B___if you are not ____?
A.
listening/hearing B. hear/listening
C. be
listening/hear D. be hearing/listening to
如果你不听,
怎么可能听见呢?
listen听/hear听见
2.The girl
even won't have her lunch before she__D__her
homework.
A. will finish
B. is finishing C. had finished D. finishes
状语从句中,
用一般现在时取代将来时.
3.Those who
have applied for the post__A__in the office.
A. are being
interviewed B. are interviewing
C.
interviewing (光动词+ing不能构成谓语)
D. to be
interviewing (不定式不能构成谓语动词)
apply for
申请
interview
面试
在英文中,
只能领导对员工面试，员工只能被面试，动词用被动
4.The old
scientist __C___to do more for the country.
A. is wishing
B. has been wishing
C. wishes D. has been wished
D为被动语态，从语法上说合理, 但不合情
表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时态.
wish sb. to do
希望某人做某事
5.If
he___B___,don't wake him up.
A. still
sleeps B. is still sleeping
C. still had
been sleeping D. will be sleeping still
如果他在睡觉的话,
不要吵醒他
Lesson 7
Too late
detective
n. 侦探
airport
n. 机场
expect
v. 期待，等待
valuable
adj. 贵重的
parcel
n. 包裹
diamond
n. 钻石
steal
v. 偷
main adj.
主要的
airfield
n. 飞机起落的场地
guard
n. 警戒，守卫
precious
adj. 珍贵的
stone
n. 石子
sand
n. 沙子
★detective
n. 侦探
detective
story 侦探小说
★airport
n. 机场
★airfield
n. 飞机起落的场地
port
港口；airport
航空港
at the airport
在机场
field
田野；airfield 停机坪
on the
airfield
在停机坪上
★expect
v. 期待, 等待
① vt.&vi.
预计，预料
Jim has failed
in mathematics as his teacher expected.
正如他老师所预料的那样，吉姆数学考试没及格。
② vt.
等待，期待，盼望（心理上的等待）
They are
expecting guests tonight.
今晚有人要去他们那里作客。
expect所表示的等待一般暗含着根据某些信息或规律而作出相应反应的意思，而wait
for主要接续“等待”这个动作本身。
expect
sth.
I expect a
letter from Jimmy.
expect sb.to
do sth. 期待某人做某事
I expect you
to write back.
I expect my
mother to come back.
wait for
sth./sb. 动作上的等待
I wait for my
mother.
③ vt.
认为，猜想（一般用于口语）
I expect so./I
think so. 我希望如此［口语］
I expect
you’ve heard the news.
我想你已经听到这个消息了。
★valuable
adj. 贵重的
★precious
adj. 珍贵的
value
n.&v. 价值；valuable
adj.有价值的
sth.is
valuable/sth.is precious
precious
adj. 珍贵的（带有一定的感情色彩）
precious photo
珍贵的照片
-less
表否定;
priceless
adj. 没有价格的,
无价的
valueless
adj. 没有价值,
不足道的
worthless
adj. 无价值的
★diamond
n. 钻石
diamond ring
钻石戒指
precious stone
宝石；crystal 水晶；jade
玉
★steal（stole，stolen） v.
偷
① vt.&vi.
偷盗，行窃
英语中“偷”用steal和rob来表达，宾语是物，用steal；宾语是人，用rob；跟地点相连，也用rob
steal sth.
偷(某物)
My wallet was
stolen.
rob sb.
抢(某人)
I was
robbed.
rob the
bank
② vt.
巧妙地占用，偷偷地弄到手
He has stolen
away Mary’s heart. 他已赢得玛丽的芳心。
③ vi.
偷偷地行动，悄悄靠近
He stole into
the room. 他悄悄地进了房间。
★main
adj. 主要的
main
building；main street；main sentence；main
idea
main不能与人连用
★guard
n. 警戒, 守卫
life guard
救生员
body guard
保镖
keep guard
守望，警戒
stand guard
站岗，放哨
【Text】
The plane was
late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They
were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa. A
few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would
try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the
detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were
waiting on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and
carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were
keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their
surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and
sand!
参考译文
飞机误点了,
侦探们在机场等了整整一上午. 他们正期待从南非来的一个装着钻石的贵重包裹. 数小时以前, 有人向警方报告, 说有人企图偷走这些钻石.
当飞机到达时, 一些侦探等候在主楼内, 另一些侦探则守候在停机坪上. 有两个人把包裹拿下飞机, 进了海关. 这时两个侦探把住门口,
另外两个侦探打开了包裹. 令他们吃惊的是, 那珍贵的包裹里面装的全是石头和沙子!
【课文讲解】
1、The plane
was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all
morning.
all一般直接加表示时间的单数名词构成副词短语，如：all day，all night，all
week，all winter，all year等。但不说all hour。
whole在表达同样的意思时一般要加冠词或数词，如a whole day/year，two whole
weeks。
all
morning=all the morning
The plane was
late 飞机晚(点)了
The bus was
late./The train was late.
detectives
没有强调一些侦探或者那些侦探, 强调侦探这种人，笼统感念, 可不加some, the
2、They were
expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South
Africa.
a valuable
parcel of diamonds
a cup of tea
强调的是茶
South Africa
南非
3、A few hours
earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to
steal the diamonds.
a few hours
earlier 几个小时以前
= a few hours
before/a few hours ago
would +do
过去将来时,间接方式, 转述, 站在过去看未来
4、When the
plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main
building while others were waiting on the
airfield.
代词others常常和some连用，表示“有些（人）……，也有些（人）……”或“有的……，其余的……”
one…the other…
一个……另一个……
some…others…
一些……另一些……
others=other+名词复数
5、Two men took
the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs
House.
take sth.
off…=take sth. away from…
and carried it
into…carried 表示看得很重
Customs House
海关
6、While two
detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the
parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones
and sand!
…were keeping
guard at the door, two others opened the parcel.
表面上是分工,
两个动作同时发生, 不是同时开始同时结束, 延续时间不一致, 长一点时间的动作用进行时态,
短时间的动作用过去时.
When someone
knocked at the door, I was having dinner.
keep guard
守卫
at the door
在门边(固定搭配)
two others=two
other detectives
to one's
surprise,让某人惊讶的是
To my
surprise, the teacher was late.
To one’s
+表达人情绪的名词
to one's
joy
To my joy, my
mother came here yesterday.
to one's
excitement
To our
excitement, our team wins.
be full of
...装满
My bag was
full of books.
The cup is
full of water.
【Key
structures】
过去进行时
过去进行时的构成：be的过去式+现在分词
过去进行时和一般过去时经常同在一个句子里使用。过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作或情况，一般过去时则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。正在进行中的动作或情况往往由连词when，while，as，just
as等引导。
when，while
当……时候（强调动作同时发生）
while+从句,
动词一定是延续性动词
when+延续性动词/瞬间动词
while能用when代替，但是when却不一定能用while代替。while通常只引导持续时间较长的动作，并且主句和从句可以同时用过去进行时，而when和as一般不这么用。
John was
watching TV while his wife was talking with a neighbour over the
phone.
Just as I was
leaving the house, you came in.
when也可以引导比较短暂的动作，while和as则一般不行。
We were having
supper when the lights went out.
过去进行时往往与表示一段时间的状语连用，如all morning，all night，all day，all
evening，the whole week等，表示这段时间一直在干什么。
What were you
doing all evening? I couldn’t find you anywhere.
过去动作同时发生的时态
① 过去两个动作同时发生,
习惯上一个用一般过去时, 另一个用过去进行时；动作长用过去进行时, 动作短用一般过去时; 分工的情况,
动作的开始时间和结束时间几乎相同, 均用过去进行时;
I was
listening to the radio, my sister was dancing.
When my mother
was doing the housework, my father was watching
TV.
② 两个动作在同时段进行,
在不同时间结束, 先发生的动作未结束, 另一个动作发生, 先发生的动作用进行时态,
另一个动作用过去时.
When I was
opening the door, the telephone rang.先开门
When the
telephone was ringing, I opened the door. 电话先响
③
瞬间动词（如：arrive）没有进行时态, 所以两个动作同时发生, 延续性动词用进行时态,
瞬间动词使用过去时态.
When he
arrived, I was having dinner.
I am arriving
进行时态表示将要
Exercises
D
1 As my father
______ (leave) the house, the postman ______
(arrive).
was
leaving；arrived(两个瞬间动词同时发生可能性很小, 应具体分析, 故用进行时态表将来)
5
While mother ______ (prepare) lunch, Janet ______
(set) the table.
set the
table摆桌子
was
preparing；set
【Special
Difficulties】
短语动词中的小品词
许多动词加上介词或副词后就会改变词义，这些介词和副词通常被称为小品词。它们没有词形的变化。有些小品词既可以作介词又可以作副词。判断一个小品词是副词还是介词要看小品词有没有带宾语。有宾语的是介词，没有宾语的是副词，介词的位置相对固定，不能变动。
① vi.&vt.+
prep./adv.+宾语(n.)
She is walking
up the hill.
②
vt.+宾语(n./pron.)+adv.
take off the
coat =take the coat off =take it off
put on your
shoes =put your shoes on =put them on
I always take
money with me.我身上总带些钱
Exercise
11
They have pulled down the old
building.
pull down…
（pull；down）
pull one's leg
开玩笑
You are
pulling my leg.你开我玩笑
12
Make up your mind.
make
up…--->make up one's mind
习惯用法不换,语法上可换
13
He asked for permission to
leave.
ask
for…-->ask (sb.) for sth. 其实是省略sb.故不可换
【Multiple
choice questions】
5
Someone had told the police that thieves would
try to steal the diamonds. This happened ___a___ the plane
arrived.
a. before
b. after
c. when d. as soon
as
两个动作先后发生(一个动作结束, 另一个动作才发生)用过去完成时
before
在……之前；as soon as
一……就
9
The parcel was valuable. It was ___c___
.
a. worth
b. worthy c. precious d. value
valuable=
precious
value
n. 价值
worth
v.
值得……，后面一定要加词
something is
worth…
The book is
worth reading. (动名词)
The book is
worth three dollars.
worthy
adj. 有价值的
be worthy of…
值得……
This book is
worthy of being read [to be read].
这本书值得一读.
acts worthy of
punishment 应该受处分的行为
worthless
adj. 无价值的
something is
worthless(后面不加任何东西)
10
The thieves wanted to ___b___ the
diamonds.
a. rob
b. steal c. take from d. take
to
加something做宾语的一定是steal
Lesson 8
The best and the
worst
competition
n. 比赛，竞赛
neat
adj. 整齐的，整洁的
path
n. 小路，小径
wooden
adj. 木头的
pool
n. 水池
★competition
n.
比赛，竞赛（暗地里的竞争）
race
n. 比赛，竞赛
car
race
match
n. 比赛
contest
n. 比赛（更广泛）
baby contest
宝宝大赛；beauty contest 选美
game : 游戏,
运动
★neat
adj. 整齐的,
整洁的，井井有条
clean
adj. 干净的
neat=tidy
tidy (up) the
room 整理房间
★pool
n. 水池(人工的)
swimming pool
游泳池
pond
池塘（天然的）
《golden
pond》—金色池塘
【Text】
Joe Sanders
has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters
for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every
time. Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder
than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe's garden is
more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden
bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard
work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I
always win a little prize for the worst garden in the
town!
参考译文
乔.桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园. 几乎每个人都参加每年举办的 “最佳花园竞赛” , 而每次都是乔获胜.
比尔.弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大, 他比乔也更为勤奋, 种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多, 但乔的花园更富有情趣. 他修筑了一条条整洁的小路,
并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥. 我也喜欢花园, 但我却不愿意辛勤劳动. 每年的花园竞赛我也参加,
但总因是镇上最劣的花园而获得一个小奖!
【课文讲解】
1、Joe Sanders
has the most beautiful garden in our town.
Joe's garden
is the most beautiful.
Bill's garden
is the largest.
Bill’s garden
is larger than Joe’s.
（比较的东西都是同类的事物
joe’s 的“’s”不能省略）
2、Nearly
everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but
Joe wins every time.
nearly和almost意义相似，表示“几乎”、“差不多”、“差点儿”的意思。
I have nearly
forgotten his name. 我差点把他的名字忘了。
enter for
报名参加（各种竞赛，考试等活动）
win（won，won）
v. 赢
① vi.
赢
I
win.
I lose.
(输了)
② vt.
赢得……
win something
后面往往是奖品,不能接对手
I win the
book.
I win the gold
cup.
win a prize
赢得了一个奖
win a prize
for… 因为……而获奖
defeat+对手
I defeat
you.
3、Bill Frith's
garden is larger than Joe's.
名词加-’s表示所属关系，构成名词的所有格。这类名词往往指有生命的东西，特别是人。所有格的语法作用相当于形容词，限定后面的名词。这个被限定的名词在上下文中第二次被提到时可以省略，只要不引起误解。
4、He has made
neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a
pool.
make和build在这里是同义词，“修建，建造”。make的词义比较笼统、广泛，可解释为“做、作出、制造”等，而build主要限于建筑业，指“建造，建设，盖房子，修筑（桥梁）等”
【Key
structures】
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
比较级相当于汉语中“比……更……”这种句型，最高级则表示在某个范围“最……”的概念。最高级在使用时前面通常要加定冠词the，并有一个短语或从句限定其范围。
1、比较级和最高级的构成：
①
单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加-er，-est，以辅音加-y结尾的词变-y为-i，再加-er，-est
②
以-e结尾的词加-r，-st
③
以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词要双写最后一个字母，再加-er，-est
④
三个或者是三个音节以上（多音节）
比较级的构成 :
more+原级
最高级的构成 : the
most+原级
有一些双音节词既可在单词结尾加-er，-est，也可与more/less和most/least连用，如narrow，clever，common，pleasant等。
clever—
cleverer— more clever
fun
adj. 快乐
more fun
（美国人用）
⑤
有些构成是不规则的：
good/well(better best)；bad/ill(worse
worst)；many/much(more most)；little(less least)；
far(farther
further , farthest furthest)
（farther:距离上的远和更远，further:程度上的更进一步）
further
more(更有甚者)
old(older
elder, oldest eldest)
older
比……大
She is older
than somebody
elder
做定语修饰其他名词
elder sister
(年长的)姐姐
2、比较级和最高级的用法
在使用比较级时，如果需要把所比较的两项都提到，那么就必须比较级后用than：
My room is
cleaner than the one next door.
如果比较级之所指很清楚，它可独立存在：
最高级的限定范围一般用of，among，in等介词短语；限定范围也可以是从句；如果范围很清楚，则可以省略。
【Special
Difficulties】
every构成的合成词
every和one，body，thing可以构成复合不定代词everyone，everybody，everything。Everyone和everybody一般可以替换使用，后面的代词既可以用单数，也可以用复数，但它们本身均被视为单数。
Everyone/Everybody knows what he has to
do.
=Everyone/Everybody knows what they have to do.
每个人都知道自己必须做什么。
Everything is
going well. 一切都很顺利。
each和every均可译为“每一个”，两者常可互换。every只能是形容词性，强调整体，常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目，不能直接做主语；each既可作形容词，又可作代词，强调个体，常用以一个确定的并通常是有限的数目，在作代词时，直接作主语或宾语，使用第三人称单数
Enter and
Enter for
enter
① vt.&vi.
进入
enter+地点名词
Always knock
on the door before you enter.
② vt.&vi.
参加，加入
We’ve entered
into an agreement.
我们已达成一项协议。
He soon
entered their conversation.
enter
for+表示比赛、竞赛、考试的名词 报名参加,
强调报名
enter for the
exam
She entered
(her name/herself) for the mathematics competition.
她报名参加数学竞赛。
take part in
真正的参加
2
Will you enter ___for___ this week's crossword
competition?
crossward
文字游戏
3
Many athletes have entered ___for___ the Olympic
Games this year.
athletes =
sportsman 运动员,
体育家
【Multiple
choice questions】
3
Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. It is
___b___ .
a. larger
garden b. a large garden
c. large garden
d. largest garden
6
The writer is fond of gardens. ___c___
.
a. They like
him b. They like to him c. He likes them
d. He likes
be fond
of=like
I like sth./ I
love sth./ I enjoy sth./I am fond of sth.
8
Joe wins every time. He always ___b___ Bill
Frith.
a. wins b.
beats c. gains d. earns
对手关系不能用win
defeat
v. 击败
defeat
sb.
beat
v. 打败；打
gain =get
sth.
earn
vt. 挣得
earn
money
9
Joe grows more flowers. More flowers ___a___ in
his garden.
a. grow b.
grow tall c. grow up d. grow big
grow
vt. 种植: grow sth; grow
flowers…
vi. 生长: sth.
grow; flowers are growing
grow tall/grow
big
变得……（一般不加形容词）
grow up
只和人连用, 表示人的长大（up adv.表示向上）
10
Joe's garden is interesting. Joe is ___d___ in
gardening.
a. interesting
b. interest c. interestingly d.
interested
sth. is
interesting ……是令人感兴趣的
be interested
in… 对……感兴趣
11
The writer doesn't like hard work. It's ___b___
to look after a garden.
a. a hard work
b. a hard job c. hard job d. hardly a job
it 作形式主语;
真正的主语是to look after the garden
hard work
繁重的工作
work不可数名词；job可数名词
hardly
adv.几乎不
Have you
understood me?
Sorry, I have
hardly understood you.
12
Every year the writer enters for the garden
competition ___b___ .
a. very b.
also c. and d. either
very
不单独使用；and并列连词, 不放在句子末尾；either也, 表否定
also 表示也,
可以放在句子末尾；often 可以放在句子末尾
喜欢
0
赠金笔