必修5  Unit5 Firs aid 核心语言知识梳理

 situation与condition, occasion, point, case一样，后常用where, in which引导定语从句。

 

语法填空→   满分作文)
Good morning，everyone
   I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. I'm very glad to make a speech here, 1.         topic is “Let's Ride Bicycles”．2．     is known to all that with the improvement of people's living standards，cars 3.           (become) a popular means of transport, 4.         (bring) great convenience to our life. 5.         ，they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.
    6．         can we do with the problems then？As far as I'm concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution. For one thing，bicycles don't need any petrol and 7.         are energy­saving.  For another，bicycles are 8.         (environmental) friendly because they won't give off waste gas. What's more，riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial9.           our health.
      Therefore，let's take the responsibility to build up a low­carbon city 10.         riding bicycles. Come on and join us!
     Thank you!   

 

1．whose　2.It　3.have become　

4.bringing  5．However　6.What　7.they　

8.environmentally  9．to 10.by

 

 

课文材料语法填空：

  For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet 1.____( cloth) on 2.____ until the pain is not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by  putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and 3.___(place) them on the 5.____(burn) area over and over again for about an hour 4. ____ the pain is not so bad.

 

 

答案：

  For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by  putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.

 

一、必修 5  Unit 5 单元必背词汇
1. aid n. & vt. 帮助；援助；资助
2. first aid （对伤患者的）急救
3. temporary adj. 暂时的；临时的
4. fall ill 生病
5. injury n. 损伤；伤害
6. bleed vi. & vt. (bled,bled)流血

   My heart bleeds for her.我为她伤心。
7. nosebleed n. 鼻出血；流鼻血
8. sprain vt. 扭伤
9. sprained adj. 扭伤的
10. ankle n. 踝（关节）
11. choke vi. & vt. （使）噎住；（使）窒息
12. cupboard n. 橱柜；衣柜
13. skin n. 皮；皮肤
14. essential adj. 最重要的；不可缺少的；本质的

 

         necessary      essential     vital
都含“必要的”、“必需的”的意思。

• necessary指“必要的”、“迫切需要的”, 如:
  It's necessary for us to study hard .我们必须努力学习。
• essential指“必需的”、“不可缺少的”, 如:
  Food is essential for life.食物是生命所必需的。

   Diligence is a key to success, but in my opinion, a good plan is also essential.

• vital意为 “非常重要的”、“极需的”, 如:
  This point is vital to my argument.这一点对我的论据来说是非常重要的。
  unnecessary

15. organ n. 器官
16. layer n. 层；层次
17. barrier n. 屏障；障碍（物）
18. poison n. 毒药；毒害 vt. 毒害；使中毒
19. ray n. 光线；射线
20. complex adj. 复杂的
21. variety n. 变化；多样（化）；多变（性）
22. liquid n. 液体
23. radiation n. 辐射；射线
24. mild adj. 轻微的；温和的；温柔的
25. mildly adv. 轻微地；温和地
26. pan n. 平底锅；盘子
27. stove n. 炉子；火炉
28. heal vi. & vt. （使）康复；（使）化解
29. tissue n. （生物）组织；薄的织物；手巾纸
30. electric shock 触电；电休克
31. swell vi. & vt. (swelled,swollen) （使）膨胀；隆起 swollen adj. 肿胀的
32. blister n. 水泡 vi. & vt. （使）起泡
33. watery adj. （似）水的
34. char vi. 烧焦
35. nerve n. 神经；胆量
36. scissors n. (pl.) 剪刀
37. unbearable adj. 难以忍受的； 不能容忍的
38. basin n. 盆；盆地
39. squeeze vt. & vi. 榨；挤；压榨
40. squeeze out 榨出；挤出
41. over and over again 反复；多次
42. bandage n. 绷
43. in place 在适当的位置；适当
44. ointment n. 药膏；油膏
45. infection n. 传染；传染病；感染
46. vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的
47. symptom n. 症状；征兆
48. label vt. 加标签或标记；分类 n. 标签；标记
49. kettle n. (水)壶；罐
50. pour vt. & vi. 倒；灌；注；涌
51. wrist n. 手腕
52. damp adj. 潮湿的
53. Casey 凯西（姓）
54. sleeve n. 袖子
55. blouse n. 女衬衫
56. tight adj. 牢的；紧的；紧密的
57. tightly adv. 紧地；牢牢地
58. firm adj. （动作）稳定有力的；坚定的
59. firmly adv. 坚固地；稳定地
60. throat n. 咽喉；喉咙
61. Janson 詹森（姓）
62. ceremony n. 典礼；仪式；礼节
63. bravery n. 勇敢；勇气
64. Slade 斯莱德（姓）
65. stab vt. & vi. 刺；戳；刺伤
66. a number of 若干；许多
67. put one’s hands on 找到 treat vt. & vi. 治疗；对待；款待 n. 款待；招待
68. apply vt. 涂；敷；搽；应用；运用        vi. 申请；请求；使用；有效
69. pressure n. 压力；挤压；压迫（感）
70. ambulance n. 救护车
71. scheme n. 方案；计划
72. Southerton 萨瑟顿（姓）
73. make a difference 区别对待；有影响；起（重要）作用
74. bruise n. & vi. 瘀伤；擦伤

二、回归课文

P. 33  Reading 
                      FIRST AID FOR BURNS

         The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of bums.
Causes of burns
         You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.
Types of burns
         There are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on
which layers of the skin are burned.
◎ First degree burns    These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.
◎ Second degree burns  These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These bums are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.
◎ Third degree burns   These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue（组织） and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.
Characteristics of burns
First degree burns
      ◎ dry, red and mildly swollen
      ◎ mildly painful
      ◎ turn white when pressed
Second degree burns
      ◎ rough, red and swollen
      ◎ blisters              水泡
      ◎ watery surface
      ◎ extremely painful
Third degree burns
      ◎ black and white and charred
      ◎ swollen; often tissue under them can be seen        a tissue of lies.一套谎言
      ◎ little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of injured area.

First aid treatment
1.    Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.
2.    Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and ___(reduce) swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.  (语法填空reduces）
3.    For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by  putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.
4.   Dry the burned area gently. Do not rob, as this may break any blisters （水泡
）and the wound may get infected.
5.   Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place（适当地方） with tape（用胶布把绷带固定）. Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
6.   If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.
7.   If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.

.......

P. 38  Using Language

HEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARD

        Seventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.
        John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.
        John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.

（excitedly, worriedly, contentedly, unexpectedly, repeatedly)
        It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.
       "I'm proud of what I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught," John said.
       John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, "There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school ____(save)saved Ms Slade's life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference."
       Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.

 

P. 72

 Reading Task

        Your home can be a dangerous place. But, if you understand what you can do to make your home ____(save) safer, you can prevent accidents. And always keep a first-aid kit in your home - just in case (以防) there is an accident. The kitchen, bathroom and bedroom are the most unsafe places. Common accidents in these rooms include falls, fires, poisoning, cuts, hot water burns and electric shocks.
THE KITCHEN
◎ Make sure the floor is not slippery.
◎ Always use a ladder to reach high cupboards; never stand on a chair.
◎ Turn saucepan handles away from the front of the stove.
◎ Always cut away from your body when you use a knife.
◎ Follow instructions for all electrical appliances carefully.
◎ Unplug all appliances, especially irons, after use.
◎ Keep matches out of the reach of children.
◎ Store all cleaning materials and poisonous materials in a locked cupboard.

 

THE BEDROOM
◎ Never smoke in bed.
◎ Keep a lamp near the bed.
◎ Unplug electric blankets when not in use.=electric heating appliance电热器具
◎ Have a telephone near the bed, especially if ill.

THE BATHROOM
◎ Don't plug in an electrical appliance or use it while standing in water.
◎ Don't use a hair dryer near a bath containing water.
◎ Never leave a small child alone in the bath.

PREVENTING FIRES
          Fires can cause terrible damage to your home and terrible injuries to people. But people are more important than things; so, if there is a fire, get everyone out of the house safely. Then call for help. Never go back into a burning building to save your things.
◎ Have fire extinguishers in the house.
◎ Buy clothes, curtains and toys that do not burn easily.
◎ Put screens in front of fires..
◎ Use heaters very carefully as they can set objects on fire. Place them away from furniture.
◎ When cooking, do not let oil touch flames or other sources of heat.
◎ Check electrical wires a number of times a year to make sure they are in good condition.
◎ Put covers over electrical outlets if young children are at home.

三、核心词句语法
1. aid   n.& vi. 帮助；援助；资助
            vt.&n. 帮助;援助;救助

 

with the aid of sb.＝with one's aid 在某人的帮助下

in aid of 用以援助

do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid 进行急救

They aided flood victims. 他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。
They aided in solving the problem. 他们帮忙解决这个问题。

They aided the poor country with money. 他们用钱帮助那个穷乡村。
We were aided by the police．我们受到警方的援助

【归纳比较】
(1)with the aid of sb.

    = with sb.'s aid在某人的帮助下
With the aid of a neighbor, he managed to put out the fire.他在邻居的帮助下把火扑灭了
(2)in aid of 为了帮助(或救济)...; 用以援助
The collection is in aid of the blind.这笔募集的捐款是用来救济盲人的
(3)aid sb. to do sth.

    = aid sb. in／with帮助某人去做……
I aided her to continue her study.

= I aided her in continuing her study. 我帮助她继续做研究
Your advice aided her to succeed. 你的忠告使她取得了成功

特别提示：

 

        用作动词时，搭配为aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人（做）某事(其中的 to 不可省略)，也可用于 aid sb. in doing sth.帮助某人(做)某事。

（4）do/give/offer first aid to sb. 对某人施行急救
He hurt his arm during the volleyball match, and some of us gave him first aid.
他在排球赛中胳膊受伤了，我们几个人对他进行了急救

改错
  1）The family lived on government aids for two years. 

（答案：应该为The family lived on government aid for two years. ）

2）We may travel on [under] the aid of a good map.
_____

（答案：应该为We may travel with the aid of a good map.）

 

 

3) We've aided him finish the work ahead of time.

 

3) 答案：应该为

        finish→to finish 或

        in finishing

 

拓展
        表示一般意义的“帮助”或“援助”时，aid 是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“助手”、“辅助用品”时，aid是可数名词。如：

A dictionary is an important aid in learning a new language.(字典是学习一种新语言的重要工具)。

      

辨析
     aid / help / assistance
     aid 表示经济或其他方面给予的帮助或援助，多指强者(或足够者)援助弱者，多用于团体。
    help 指给人精神或物质上的帮助，强调受助者的需要，有利于达到一定的目的或目标。
    assistance 多指个人给予道义、知识、物质等方面的帮助，所提供的帮助往往只起辅助作用。

2. electric shock 触电；电休克
【提示】 electric(电的)+shock(冲击；休克)
【经典例句】 The electric shock deprived him of his life.触电夺走了他的生命。
【考点聚焦】 同根词：

electrical adj.用电的；与电有关的；electricity n.电流；电；

electronic adj. 电子的

    其他与electric相关的搭配
electric cord 电线　electric fan电扇
electric light 电灯　electric current 电流
electric train 电动火车electric stove 电炉
electric power 电力

3. injury    n. 损伤；伤害
Many common injuries happen every day in the home.家庭中每天都有许多常见的意外伤害。
常用结构:
do sb. an injury 伤害某人
be an injury to sb./sth. 伤害；危害某人/某事
escape injury  免受伤害 
repair injury   赔偿损害
serious／severe injuries  重伤
a slight injury    轻伤
In the crash he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.在事故中他头部和双臂受了重伤。

辨析
            injure/wound/hurt
     injure指人在意外事故中受到的伤害,用于无生命物体的损坏，更多用于表示对人的某个部位的损伤。
     wound 指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害。是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤。也指感情受伤。
     hurt 指的伤害与injure 同样严重，也可指较轻的疼痛，常指因不小心而引起的痛苦或意外地受到伤害。hurt 也可指对人的感情的伤害。

Your remark may injure her pride.你的话也许会伤她的自尊。
Blood gushed from his wound.血从他的伤口涌出。
Hurt other people, hurt yourself.害人害己。

       选词填空 (injure/hurt/wound) 

①Ten soldiers were killed and thirty serious                     .
②He was deeply         by her dishonesty.
③I                       my back lifting that box.
      

    ①wounded  ②hurt  ③hurt 

 

④In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were                    .
⑤She felt                               at your words.
⑥The bullet                him in the shoulder.
答案：

     ④injured     ⑤hurt     ⑥wounded

 

4.  It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life.正是约翰的快捷动作和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。
【析】

1）整个句子是一个简单句。
2）本句使用了强调句型，强调句子的主语“John's quick action and knowledge of first aid”。
【拓展】

           强调句结构是英语中最常使用的句型之一，用来强调谓语以外的任何成分。其构成形式是：

  It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分。在本结构中，it无意义，只是改变一个句子的结构，使某一成分得到强调；若原句属于现在或将来时态范畴，be用is的形式，若原句属于过去时态范畴，be用was的形式。
     There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.
          毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术，使得斯莱德女士的生命得救了。
【析】 1）整个句子是一个复合句，that引导的是同位语从句。
      2）同位语从句属于名词性从句，大多由从属连词that引导，常常跟在fact,　idea,　opinion,　news,　hope,　belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同位关系。如：
     They were delighted at the news that their team had won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时，他们欣喜若狂。
【拓展】

  1）There's no doubt that...是固定句式，意为：“毫无疑问……”。
2）There's no doubt 后接名词时，需用介词about或of。如： 
There's no doubt about/of his honesty.
毫无疑问他是诚实的。
3）doubt作动词时，肯定句中宾语从句可用whether，if，that引起宾语从句，否定句中只能用that。如：
He doubted whether they would be able to help.他拿不准他们是否能帮上忙。

5. situation    n. 形势;处境;事态;局面;位置

辨析
     situation/state/condition
     situation指一定时期内总的情况、形势、事态，亦可指国际、国内形势，是可数名词。
      state用单数形式表示人或事物的情况及状况，如外貌、心理、外观等方面，可与不定冠词连用，常用于in a state of或in a... state。
     

    condition的单数形式表示人或物本身的状况，在这个意思上与state相近；而复数形式则指事物之外的环境与情况，与circumstances意思相近。

When he later grew to dislike Eliza, he faced a difficult situation.当他接下来对伊丽莎的讨厌与日俱增的时候，他陷入了一种困难的境地。
After that I give the students various situations and they make up sentences about them.从那以后，我提供给学生各种各样的情境，他们依照这些情境造句。
His business is in a good state. 他的生意很好。
The condition of the house was so bad that nothing could make it safe to live in.
房屋的条件太差了以至于不能安全地住在里面。

       提示
situation与condition, occasion, point, case一样，后常用where, in which引导定语从句。
Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?你能想像出可以使用这个单词的语境吗？

语法填空 
①He's got himself into a dangerous situation        he is likely to lose control over the plane.
②I can ,t think of the situation        I meet my father.
③They have to think of a good idea to cope with the situation        they face.

答案：

①where   ②where   ③that/which

 

4. damage    vt.& n. 损害；毁坏

    辨析
                 ruin/destroy/damage
      ruin强调毁灭的彻底性，并且是一次性的行动。这种毁灭也许力量不是很大，但其严重性却使其不能修复,它强调的是毁坏的长期结果。
     destroy指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复，有时用于比喻意义。
      damage则指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还可以修复。
The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。
The house across the street is in ruins.
街道对面的房子已是一片废墟。
He has destroyed my hope. 他破坏了我的希望。
The earthquake destroyed a lot of buildings.地震毁坏了许多楼房。
The bridge was damaged by the flood.那座桥梁被洪水损坏了。

                提示
destroy只能用作动词，而ruin和damage既能用作动词又能用作名词。

完型填空
An earthquake struck this area,          a lot of damage.      

  A.Making       B. causing   

  C. done           D. caused
     解析:选B。

     make与damage不能搭配使用造成损失、损害

       用do/cause damage表示造成损失、损害；此处的动词与前面的句子构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以需用现在分词作结果状语。

5. present  n.礼物；目前
                   adj.在场;出席;当前的
                       v.颁发;授予;赠给

常用结构：
be present at            出席
the present day=today  今天
at present／at the present time＝now   现在
for the present=for the time being  暂时
the present    现在(相当于名词)
present sb. with sth=present sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人
present day attitudes/fashion现在的态度/流行款式
 

拓展
     present作动词，表示“给予，赠送”之意，常用于present sth.to sb.或present sb.with sth.搭配中，

     present作动词还有“呈现，显示；阐述，表达；引见”等意思。
①作形容词既可作前置修饰语，也可作表语，常意为“现存的；现在的；在场的；出席的”等。
②作不可数名词时，表示区别于过去或将来的“现在”；作可数名词时，意为“礼物”。
The same problem presented itself to her again.同样的问题又在她身上出现。
He presented the school with a check for one million dollars.他赠予学校一张一百万美元的支票。
May I present you to my husband?我可以把您介绍给我丈夫吗?
We learn from the past, experience the present and hope for success in the future.我们学习过去，体验现在，希望成就未来。
I got many presents for my birthday.我收到很多生日礼物。

完型填空
①There are plenty of jobs           in the western part of the country.                           

 

A. Present                   B. available
C. Precious                 D. convenient
②All the people           at the party were all his supporters.  

A. Present               B. thankful
C. Interested           D. Important
    解析: ①选B。present在场的；available可用的;可得到的;precious珍贵的;convenient方便的。根据句意,应选B。
②选A。(be) present at意为“出席、在场”，符合句意。

6. fall ill    生病
Hearing the bad news, he fell ill. 听到坏消息后，他病了。

拓展
fall behind  落后
fall sick   生病
fall asleep 入睡
fall down  掉下；倒塌
fall in love with ... 爱上……
fall off    脱落；减少；从……上掉下  
fall into the habit of ...     养成……的习惯
fall over   跌倒；翻倒；落到……上
fall silent  沉默

 

完成句子

  ①不久后他就病倒了，而且一病不起。
He           soon after and did not recover.
②形势严峻，不进则退。
Given the pressing situation, we must move forward, or we will             .
③这家报纸的发行量开始锐减。
The circulation of the newspaper began to          sharply.
答案：

①fell ill   ②fall behind  ③fall off

7. in place   在适当的位置；适当
I like everything to be in place.我喜欢所有的东西都放在原来的地方。
With everything in place, she started the slide show.一切就绪，她开始放幻灯片。

拓展
be in/out of order  有条理/无条理；坏了
be in/out of control 正常/失控
be in/out of danger有危]险/脱离危险
in place of...＝take the place of... 代替；取代
give place to  被……取代；让位于……
out of place  不在适当的位置；不合适

(1)完型填空
His efforts to raise money for his program were          because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.  

A. in place                      B. in sight
C. in effect                      D. in vain
(2)完成句

①你可以用木柴来取代煤。You can use wood             coal.

②棉花要取代丝绸。Cotton is            silk.  

③你的提议很恰当。Your proposal is quite              .

 

   解析:(1) 选D。考查介词短语。根据下文“no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets”可知,为集资做出的努力都白费了，故选in vain(白费力)。in place在适当位置;in sight 在视线内;in effect 实际上。
(2)①in  place  of   ②taking  the place  of
③in place

8. make a difference有很大差别；有很大不同；有很大的关系/影响

• make no/little difference to对……没有/几乎没有影响
• make much difference to对……有很大影响(作用)
• be of little/no/much difference(某物)几乎没/没有/有很大作用
• make a difference / the difference(s) between...and...区分……，区别……

Whether he could get the support from his parents made a great difference to the plan.他是否能得到父母的支持对这个计划的影响很大。
Does it make any difference whether he'll attend the meeting?他出不出席会议有什么区别吗？

           拓展
make some difference to对……有些关系
make no difference to  

make all the difference 关系重大；大不相同

翻译句子                                                                    
①这次旅行对他以后的人生很有影响。
②让警察知道一些证据关系重大。
答案：

①The travel made a difference to his later life.
②It makes all the difference to inform the policemen of some evidence.
重点句型
9. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。
     unless是连词，意为“如果不，除非”。在真实条件句中，unless引导的肯定条件状语从句，可以和if...not...引导的否定状语从句互换。
     Unless you change your mind，I won't be able to help you.
    =If you dont change your mind，I won 't be able to help you.除非你改变想法，否则我不能帮助你。
     I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.=I want you to keep working if I don’t tell you to stop.
如果我没说让你停，你就得继续干。
      注意：unless 不可用于假想的事情，因此当if...not引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可改用unless。

 

语法填空
② Don't promise anything          you are one hundred percent sure.  

  A. Whether   B. after   C. how   D. unless
③         you have tried it, you can't imagine how pleasant it is.

  A.Unless         B. Because  

  C. Although   D. When
④We don't keep winning games      we keep playing well.

   A.Because     B. unless     

   C. when         D. While
解析:

②选D。句意为：除非你有完全的把握，否则不要做出承诺。unless除非。
③选A。句中unless意为“如果不”,可以与if...not互换。
④选B。unless意为“除非”,强调条件，符合句意。
10. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.约翰正在房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。
     此句型中when作并列连词,相当于and then/suddenly,意为“正当……时，突然”。

 
     常用结构：
be doing...when...  正在做……突然……
had done...when... 刚做了……突然……
be about to do...when... 刚要做……突然……
be on the point of doing sth. when...刚要做……突然……

        语法填空
①

She had just finished her homework            her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
  A. When       B. while        

  C. after         D. since
②We were swimming in the lake             suddenly the storm started.
  A. when       B. while        

  C. until         D. before
③I             along the street looking for a place to park when the accident           .
    A. went; was occurring         

   B. went; occurred
   C. was going; occurred        

   D. was going; had occurred
      解析:

 ①选A。由句意可知此处when用作并列连词，意为“这时”。

②选A。when作连词，表示“正在这时”。句意为：我们正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。

③选C。主句要用过去进行时,表示当时正在路上走着；when引导的从句多用一般过去时。

 

 

四、核心语法突破
                 省略
1.省略是一种避免重复、保持简洁的语法手段
2.凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。
      省略的分类
1.语篇省略和情景省略 
        有的省略句可以从上下文找到被省略的成分，这种省略叫做语篇省略如：
Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world,　if not the largest (city).上海即使不是世界上最大的城市也堪称世界最大的城市之一  
2.情景省略
        有的省略句虽然从上下文中找不到被省略的成分，但是可以从语言情景中推断出被省略的成分。如：
(I am) Glad to see you.见到你真高兴。

       1）简单句、并列句和复合句的省略

简单句的省略

 

  ①不定式的省略

 A:　Will you join us?你要同我们一道去吗？B:　I should love to (join you).我愿意。
   ②介词的省略

  We have lived here (for) ten years.
我们在这儿已经住了10年了
      但是在否定句中,此类for不能省略如：
I haven't seen you for three months.我已经三个月没有见到你了。
It's no use (in) crying.哭也没用。
    ③并列句的省略

        在并列句中 一般说来，在后一并列然中
凡是与上文相同的成分通常都要省略。 

My room is on the fifth floor,　and hers (is) on the eighth (floor).我的房间在五楼,而她的在八楼。
I came at right but Henry (came) at nine我在八点来,但是亨利在九点来
    ④复合句中状语从句 的省略      

        当状语从句 的主语和主句的主语一致，且状语从句中含有be　动词时，省略状语从句中的主语和be 动词。 

When （the novel is）published,the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.那本小说出版的时候就会成为当年的畅销书之一。
      Although (he was) hard-working,he couldn't earn enough to support himself.尽管努力工作,他的收入还是不够自己糊口。
When (the grapes are) ripe,　the grapes will be delicious.当葡萄成熟之后就会很好吃
 

    ⑤定语从句  

如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，这个关系代词可以省略。 

Here is the man (who/whom) you've been looking for.这位就是你一直在找的人。He's the man (who/that) you can safely depend on.他是你能放心信赖的人。
There are many plays (that) I'd like to see.有很多话剧我想看

    ⑥复合句的省略宾语从句 

      引导宾语从句的that 之后接的从句不长时，可以省略。
       如果that 后面的宾语从句较长时，that  不能省略。

 I hope (that) you'll be fine soon.我希望你尽快康复。
    Now scientists warn that if not under control,the unseen energy waves,　“electric smog”, may be dangerous to our health.现在科学家警告说,有一种肉眼看不到的能波,即“电子烟尘”,如果不加以控制,可能危害人类的健康。

 ⑦主语从句 有时整个主句都可省略，只剩下一个从句。这种省略现象通常出现在简短答语中。 

A:You all like the story？你们都喜欢这个故事？
B:Yes, except that the conclusion is too long.是的,只是结尾太仓促

【语法专练】
1. To his disappointment, the opinion he had stuck  ______ out wrong.
 A．to turned   B．to turning  

 C．to turn       D．to be turned
2. _______, the monument could be restored to its former glory.
A. If repairing well  B. If repaired well  
C. To repair well      D. Repairing well
3. _______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be     B.   Could you be    
C. Should you be    D. Might you be
4. I don't like            you speak to her.
A. the way of which  B. the way in that    
C. the way which       D. the way               

5. — Who should be responsible for the accident?
      — The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order ______.
 A. as they told     B. as are told    
C. as telling           D. as told
答案：1~5 ABCDD

高考真题链接
1.（2010•江西卷•T25） Parents _______ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A attach        B pay       C link     D apply
【解析】选A考察动词词组。attach importance to 关注.
2.（2010•湖北卷） It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money          favors to them.
 A. in preference to        B. in place of
 C. in agreement with   D. in exchange for
【解析】选D词组辨析。先理解短语的意思. In preference to（优先于）；in place of（代替）；in agreement with（同意，与…一致）；in exchange for（交换）。其实辨析这几个介词短语的难度不大，只需要认识每一个短语中的核心词preference, exchange, place, agreement的意思即可，猜测较为容易。
3. （2009•山东卷）The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ______  rising steadily since 1990.
 A. is  B. are    C. has been    D. have been
【解析】选C。本题考查主谓一致和时态，主语是 the number，故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1997所以用现在完成时态。
4. （2009•江西卷）

      Some of you may have finished Unit one. ___ , you can go on to Unit Two.
A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so
【解析】选D。本题考查省略句的用法。 If so = If you have done that / so
5. （2009•湖南卷•T21）Every evening after dinner, if not        from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.  
A. being tired   B. tiring 

C. tired                D. to be tired
【解析】选C。考查省略句式。在if引导的条件状语从句中，从句中还原应为if am not tired from work，根据省略的原则，所以答案选C。