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英语词性语法学习法  动词篇(二)

(2009-01-06 07:40:06)
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词性语法学习法

动词篇

杂谈

分类: 语法专家

英语词性语法学习法

第六章  动词篇(二)

      DO

注意do和make:一般说来,“do”含有“进行某项活动”的意思,而“make”含有“造出新东西”的意思。

do business(做买卖),do sb. a favour,

do some / much / my cooking,do wrong,

do sb. good / harm / wrong(do good to sb.)(对……有益/有害/冤枉),

do the room(整理房间),do away with(取消、废除),

do copies(复制),do one’s hair(做头发),

do one’s duty,do the opposite(做相反的事),

do the deed(生效)

      GO

go upstairs,go to prison,go to sea (去航海),

go to the sea(去海滨),go to the cinema / movie / pictures,

go shopping,be gone((人)不在、走了;(物)丢失、用完了),

go hungry,go by((时间)过去;经过(地点)),go down(下去;(船等的)下沉),

go on((时间)过去、流逝(相当于go by);继续),

go out(出去;(灯或火的)熄灭),

go over,go on doing sth.,

go on to do sth.,go on with sth.,

go for a walk,go a visit to,go to college

      SUPPOSE

1.      表“认为、猜想”时否定、疑问、回答的方式。

e.g.  I suppose he’ll trouble you again, won’t he?

    He doesn’t suppose you are right, does he?

简略答语常说:I suppose so / I don’t suppose so (I suppose not.)

具备这种用法的词还有:think, imagine, believe

注意:常说I hope so (not), I’m afraid so (not), I fear so (not), I’m sure so (not).

2.作插入语 e.g. Who do you suppose telephoned me yesterday?

3.接复合宾语用to be做补足语,不用to do结构,但有时可用完成式或进行式。

e.g. I suppose him to be fifty.

     She was supposed to have left home / to be writing.

4. be (not) supposed to do “应当(不应该)”

e.g.

  He was supposed to arrive there an hour ago.(是否到不知道,表示按道理应该……)

  He should have come an hour ago.(表责备,说明没有按时到)

比较:1)He is supposed to be a student.

      2)He is supposed to come early.

5.提出建议,请求

Suppose we go / went for a walk? = What about us going for a walk?(用went语气更婉转)

6.假设

Suppose / Supposing that he comes, what shall we do?

CONSIDER

1. consider + 宾语(名词、代词、从句、动名词或不定式的疑问式)   考虑

2. consider + 宾语 + 宾补(名词、形容词、不定式to be或to have done)认为

3. consider it + 名词或形容词 + to do sth.

4. consider … as …     比较:take … as … 与take … for …

五、常用动词的词义与搭配

      CATCH

1.抓住   catch sb. by the arm,catch sb. by surprise(乘其不备抓住……)

2.钩住、挂住  

  She caught her dress on the nail. = Her dress got caught on the nail.

3.染(患)上;搭(赶)上(交通工具);听(懂、清)

catch a cold,catch the bus,catch what you said,catch up with

4.偶然(突然)撞见、发觉;偶然碰上(风雨等),常用被动结构。

catch sb. stealing money,be / get caught in / by the storm

      GIVE

give a concert,

give lessons to,

give a lecture,

give sb. advice on …,

give sb. a message,

give sb. a ring,

give a report to sb.(向……汇报),

give birth to(产仔),

give medical care to(对……进行治疗),

give out(耗尽),

give off(发出(光、热等)),

give up,

give away(泄露),

give one’s life for(为……而献身),

give in

      TAKE

take pictures / photographs / photos,

take a seat,

take aim(瞄准),

take an interest in(对……发生兴趣),

take notes(记笔记),

take notice(注意),

take one’s chance(抓住机会),

take one’s leave(告辞),

take office,

take pity on(怜悯),

take steps(采取措施),

take the chair(主持开会),

take it easy(别着急),

take sides in(站在……一边),

take one’s time(不急),

take turns to do sth.,

take one’s temperature,

take one’s place,

take … for example,

take charge of,

take pride in,

take an action(采取行动),

take off,

take away,

take up,

take hold of,

take a message for,

take great trouble to do sth.,

take examinations,

take it for granted that …(认为……当然),

take sth. by mistake(错拿某物)

      CALL

call at ( some place ),call on sb. / call on sb. to do sth.,call for,call in (a doctor),call out,call up,call for help,call / draw one’s attention to(引起某人注意某事)

      COME

1.come to

e.g. When I came to cooking, he showed great interest. (谈到)

  We came to know this. (get to know = begin to know)

  He came to see you. (=came and saw)

  Finally it came to (itself). (苏醒)

  The book came to how to learn English. (涉及)

  It comes to the same thing.   (结果是)

  The number comes to 1000. (达到)

2.其它短语:

come after(跟着……、为找……而来),come out(出来、(花)开、出版),come at =jump upon(扑向),come up to sb.,come on / upon = come across,come down(下来、减少),come into power(上台),come into being(形成),come into use(使用起来),come true,come along(一起走、快点)

      GET

get out of = get away from = escape(躲避、逃避),get along / on (well / badly) with,get on the bus,get in(进来),get in the crops,get in touch with,get into trouble,get into the habit of,get off = start off(离去、动身),get off the boot,get off work(下班),get off a good start(起了个好头),get over the difficulties(克服困难),get over the river,get rid of,get round = get about(传开),get through the work(做完工作),get through the test,get sb. through to(给某人接通电话),get down on one’s knees,get down = write down,get to doing sth.(开始做),get down to,get back to sth.(重新做……、重谈……),get sth. back,get sb. to do sth.,get the car going

      TURN

turn against,turn over,turn in,turn up,turn to sb. for help,turn doctor,turn green

      LOOK

look through the book(浏览),look on the book(与某人同看),look into(看里面、调查),look up(查阅、仰视),look about(看四周),look down upon / on,look upon / on … as,look out,look over(看过一遍),look forward to

      PUT

put away(放好),put off(推迟),put on(穿上、上演),put out(发行、熄灭),put down(放下、记下、镇压),put up(张贴、举起、建立),put … into …(送入、输入、把……翻译成……),put sb. to bed(哄某人睡觉),put forward(提出),put one’s heart into………,put up with(容忍、忍受)

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