词性学习法简单易学
第二章
一、考点精析
复习介词时要把握三点:
1.要注意理解情景意义:同一介词可表达多种意义,同一场合意义不同则介词不同。
2.突破几个关键介词in,on,at,with,by,from,of,to,for。
3.注意介词搭配,集中归纳,反复练习。
二、常用介词基本用法
1. at:主要表示方向、场所、时间的某一点
2. in:表示场所、时间与期限、状况、方向。
1)某些形容词/过去分词后接v-ing形式时,v-ing形式前的介词in可以省略。
2)某些动词如busy、occupy、employ等,常与反身代词连用,其后的in也可以省略。
3)某些动词如spend、pass、waste等与表示时间的名词连用,后面的介词也可以省略。
4)在have no difficulty in
doing sth.、have no trouble in doing
sth.、
5)在句型There is no use (in)doing sth.中,介词也可省略。
in the world,in (the)future,in the snow /rain / storm,
in ink,in short,in public,in return,in turn,in danger,
in this way,in that case,in search of,in place of,in the air,
in case,in common,in the hope of,in other words,in praise of,
in silence,in space,in one’s opinion,in modern times,in surprise,
in a queue,in the open air
3. on:主要表示在上面、根据或基础、有关或涉及的方面、表示某天。
on doing sth.,on the afternoon of October,
on Tuesday evening,on foot,hit sb. on the head,
on the right/ left,on fire,
on duty,on sale,on the radio,
on and on,on show,on earth,
on average,on one’s own
注意:一般带有宗教色彩的节日名词前面用at,如圣诞节。
4. by主要表示接近、时限、动作的执行者、方式。
by the village,be paid by the month,by oneself,
by chance,by foot(=on foot),by hand,learn … by heart,
by mistake,by accident,by force,year by year,
side by side,stone by stone,by now / then
5. for主要表示目的、原因、交换值以及时间和距离的长度。
make sth. for sb.,for some reason or other,
thank sb. for sth.,for almost one year,for example,
for the time being,for sale,for free,for one thing,for nothing
6. of表示部分与全体的关系、所有关系、来源和所用的材料。
1)从属关系:the wheel of the car
2)局部----整体关系:some of the water
3)量化关系:a cup of tea
4)描述关系:a professor of learning(知识丰富的教授)
5)同位关系: the city of Beijing
6)动宾关系:the study of the map(研究地图)
7)主谓关系:the determination of the workers(工人们的决心)
be of much use,rob sb. of sth.,be fond of,
make fun of,be tired of,of one’s own,
instead of,run out of
7. to 主要表示方向、程度、结果、关系和位置。
三、容易错、常考的介词及搭配
1.be made of,be made from,be made into,be made in
2.call on = visit,call for = go and pick up,
3.on business (出差)/ strike()罢工 / duty(值日) / holiday / fire / vacation / watch(警戒) / sale(出售) / leave(请假) / guard(警戒)
4. have some trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.,
5.A is pleased to B,
6.be tired of,be tired from
7.with the help of,under the leadership of
8.by means of(使用),by way of(经由),
9.out of question(毫无疑问),out of the question(毫不可能)
10.prevent / stop / keep sb. from doing sth.
11. be thankful to sb. for sth.
12.steal sth. from sb.,rob sb. of sth.
13.insist on doing sth.,persist in doing sth.,
14.set about doing sth.,set out to do sth.
15.look sb. in the face,hit sb. on the face,
16.do a favour for sb. = do sb. a favour
17.cannot tell A from B
四、介词的惯用型
1.above all(首先),after all,at all(全然),in all
2.day after day,year after year,one after one,one after another
3.at peace(和平),at war(战争),at times(时常),at dinner
4. by oneself,by all means(尽一切办法、务必),by chance,by accident,
by no means(决不、并没有),by means of(用、依靠) ,by the way
5.in her teens(十几岁),in pain,in danger,in need
6.to one’s joy / sorrow / surprise
7.with care(仔细地),with joy / pleasure(高兴地),
8.according to(依据),along
with(和……一起),as to(至于……),
9.out of order(不正常),out of date,out of trouble(脱离困境),
10.at the bottom of,at the centre of,
11.in memory of(纪念),
12.from time to time(不时地), from day to day(天天),
五、掌握方式、手段、工具的表达方法
1)
in English (ink, pencil, capital letters)
2)
3)
4)


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