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词性学习法  介词篇(一)

(2008-12-24 10:59:30)
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词性学习法

学语法简单易学

杂谈

分类: 介词用法

词性学习法简单易学

第二章  介 词篇

一、考点精析

复习介词时要把握三点:

1.要注意理解情景意义:同一介词可表达多种意义,同一场合意义不同则介词不同。

2.突破几个关键介词in,on,at,with,by,from,of,to,for。

3.注意介词搭配,集中归纳,反复练习。

二、常用介词基本用法

1. at:主要表示方向、场所、时间的某一点

  at the corner of the street,at dinner,

  at sixty miles an hour,be sold at three yuan

   固定搭配:

   at daybreak,at one time,

   at the post office,at the airport,at dawn,

   at the weekend,at the age of 25,at the same time,

   at birth,at present,at any time,at a time,

   at times,at the speed of ,at a height of ,

   at the latest,at the beginning of,

   表示原因,表示“见/闻……而”。 at the news

2. in:表示场所、时间与期限、状况、方向。

    be dressed in rags   in English   be sold in pairs

      主要用来表示较长的时间单位,如月份、季节、年份等

    in the 1990s ,in the late 19th century

      形成“in+时段名词”的词组或固定搭配

    in those days,in the daytime,

   in a short while,in no time,in time

      介词in在短语或句型中的省略:

1)某些形容词/过去分词后接v-ing形式时,v-ing形式前的介词in可以省略。

  be busy (in) doing   be engaged (in) doing (忙于……)

2)某些动词如busy、occupy、employ等,常与反身代词连用,其后的in也可以省略。

  busy oneself (in) doing   occupy oneself (in) doing

3)某些动词如spend、pass、waste等与表示时间的名词连用,后面的介词也可以省略。

  spend time (in) doing   waste time (in) doing

4)在have no difficulty in doing sth.、have no trouble in doing sth.、   have no business in doing sth.等句型中介词也可以省略。

5)在句型There is no use (in)doing sth.中,介词也可省略。

   固定搭配:

in the world,in (the)future,in the snow /rain / storm,

in ink,in short,in public,in return,in turn,in danger,

in this way,in that case,in search of,in place of,in the air,

in case,in common,in the hope of,in other words,in praise of,

in silence,in space,in one’s opinion,in modern times,in surprise,

in a queue,in the open air

3. on:主要表示在上面、根据或基础、有关或涉及的方面、表示某天。

   固定搭配:

on doing sth.,on the afternoon of October,

on Tuesday evening,on foot,hit sb. on the head,

on the right/ left,on fire,

on duty,on sale,on the radio,

on and on,on show,on earth,

on average,on one’s own

注意:一般带有宗教色彩的节日名词前面用at,如圣诞节。

    一般的节日名词前用on。

4. by主要表示接近、时限、动作的执行者、方式。

   固定搭配:

by the village,be paid by the month,by oneself,

by chance,by foot(=on foot),by hand,learn … by heart,

by mistake,by accident,by force,year by year,

side by side,stone by stone,by now / then

5. for主要表示目的、原因、交换值以及时间和距离的长度。

   固定搭配:

make sth. for sb.,for some reason or other,

thank sb. for sth.,for almost one year,for example,

for the time being,for sale,for free,for one thing,for nothing

6. of表示部分与全体的关系、所有关系、来源和所用的材料。

   of所有格表示的多种关系:

1)从属关系:the wheel of the car

2)局部----整体关系:some of the water

3)量化关系:a cup of tea

4)描述关系:a professor of learning(知识丰富的教授)

5)同位关系: the city of Beijing

6)动宾关系:the study of the map(研究地图)

7)主谓关系:the determination of the workers(工人们的决心)

   固定搭配:

be of much use,rob sb. of sth.,be fond of,

make fun of,be tired of,of one’s own,

instead of,run out of

7. to 主要表示方向、程度、结果、关系和位置。

   固定搭配:

  rise to / by …,to one’s surprise / joy/ astonishment,

  to the east of,key to…,come up to,add up to,

  be open to the public,to the point,thanks to,

  suit … to …,stick to,refer to

三、容易错、常考的介词及搭配

1.be made of,be made from,be made into,be made in

2.call on = visit,call for = go and pick up,

   call at one’s house or office

3.on business (出差)/ strike()罢工 / duty(值日) / holiday / fire / vacation / watch(警戒) / sale(出售) / leave(请假) / guard(警戒)

4. have some trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.,

   have a habit / idea / plan of doing sth.

5.A is pleased to B,

   B is pleased with A(对……感到满意)

6.be tired of,be tired from

7.with the help of,under the leadership of

8.by means of(使用),by way of(经由),

   by heart(记住),by the way

9.out of question(毫无疑问),out of the question(毫不可能)

10.prevent / stop / keep sb. from doing sth.

11. be thankful to sb. for sth.

12.steal sth. from sb.,rob sb. of sth.

13.insist on doing sth.,persist in doing sth.,

    stick to,go on doing sth.

14.set about doing sth.,set out to do sth.

15.look sb. in the face,hit sb. on the face,

    lead the cow by the nose

16.do a favour for sb. = do sb. a favour

17.cannot tell A from B

四、介词的惯用型

1.above all(首先),after all,at all(全然),in all

2.day after day,year after year,one after one,one after another

3.at peace(和平),at war(战争),at times(时常),at dinner

4. by oneself,by all means(尽一切办法、务必),by chance,by accident,

by no means(决不、并没有),by means of(用、依靠) ,by the way

5.in her teens(十几岁),in pain,in danger,in need

6.to one’s joy / sorrow / surprise

7.with care(仔细地),with joy / pleasure(高兴地),

   with one’s help,with the best wishes(致以我们良好的祝愿),

   without difficulty(毫不困难地),

   without exception(毫不例外),

   without delay(立即、马上)

8.according to(依据),along with(和……一起),as to(至于……), 

   because of,except for(除……之外),instead of(代替)

9.out of order(不正常),out of date,out of trouble(脱离困境),

   out of sight,out of debt(还清了债务),

   out of touch(没有联系)

10.at the bottom of,at the centre of,

   at the end of, at the top of,

   at the cost of(以……为代价)

   at the sight of, at the thought of,

   at a speed of

11.in memory of(纪念),

    in favour of(同意),

    in the habit of(有……习惯),

    in touch with(与……保持联系),

    on the left of,

    on the eve of(在……前夕)

12.from time to time(不时地), from day to day(天天),

  from hand to hand(一个传一个),from side to side(左右地),

  from car to car(一个车厢一个车厢地),from bad to worse(越来越差),

  from beginning to end(从头到尾),from hand to mouth(仅能糊口),

  from head to foot,from start to finish,from one to another

五、掌握方式、手段、工具的表达方法

1) in +文字、语言、材料名词

in English (ink, pencil, capital letters)

2)  with +工具、机器;人体器官;情绪、情感、态度的名词

   with a branch, with one’s nose, with pride,

   with satisfaction,with the help of,

   with one’s permission

3) by 表示泛指的方式、手段

   by bus, by land, by means of(用……方法),

   by way of(经由) , by doing sth.,

   by hand(手工), by post(由邮局传递),

   by letter(用写信的方式), by electricity,

   by hard work, by the year, by the hour(by + the + 单位名词)按……

4) 其它表示方式(情况、状况、手段)的表示法

   through the radio / by radio / on the radio,

   through / by / from practice,

   by telephone (on the telephone),

   on foot, on the train, in satisfaction,

   in surprise, in silence, in a low voice,

   in comfort, in sorrow,

   in high / good / poor spirits,

   in anger, in safety, in debt,

   in good order, in good / poor health,

   in tears,in use, in pain,

    接:词性学习法  介 词篇(二)

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