Test 17

　Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors(流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars.The atmosphere again acts  1  our protective blanket on 2 .Light gets through, and this is essential 3 plants to make the food which we 4 . Heat, 5 , makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet rays(紫外线的) penetrate the 6  .Cosmic(宇宙的) rays of v arious kinds come  7  the air from outer space, but  8  quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off.  9  men leave the atmosphere they are  10 to this radiation; 11 their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, 12  prevent a lot of radiation damage.Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in 13  .Doses of radiation are measured in 14  called“rems(雷目)”.We all  15  radiation here on earth from the sun, from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals.The“ 16 ”dose of radiation that we receive each year is about two millirems; it  17  according toswheresyou live, and this is a very rough estimate.Scientists have reason to think  18  a man can  19  far more radiation  20  without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed.(213words)

 

　　1.A.for       B.with      C.on         D.as

　　2.A.stars      B.sun       C.earth       D.space

 

　　3.A.with       B.from      C.under         D.for

　　4.A.use        B.live       C.eat           D.get

　　5.A.again       B.also       C.besides       D.too

　　6.A.environment  B.space      C.atmosphere    D.earth

　　7.A.across       B.to          C.from        D.through

　　8.A.valid        B.enormous     C.various      D.proper

　　9.A.As soon as             B.As well as

　　  C.As much as           D.As possible as

　　10.A.shown       B.exposed      C.faced      D.covered

　　11.A.but          B.because        C.so        D.so that

　　12.A.get          B.make          C.have       D.do

　　13.A.earth       B.atmosphere     C.space  D.environment

　　14.A.pieces      B.units           C.parts     D.elements

　　15.A.receive      B.accept         C.bring     D.catch

　16.A.conventional   B.common      C.general   D.normal

　　17.A.shifts        B.converts       C.modifies   D.varies

　　18.A.what        B.which         C.that        D.why

　　19.A.put up with             B.keep up with

　　   C.come up with           D.catch up with

　　20.A.from         B.than           C.as        D.away

 

　　1.【答案】D

　　【解析】act as“充当、起……作用”；act for“代表、代理”；act on“按照”。本句意为大气层起到保护伞的作用。

　　2.【答案】C

　　【解析】见上题分析。

　　3.【答案】D

　　【解析】be essential for“对……来说是首要的、基础的”，固定搭配。

　　4.【答案】C

　　【解析】只有eat与先行词food和定语从句which we…搭配。

　　5.【答案】D

　　【解析】本句意为：热不仅使我们的生产环境温度适宜，而且紫外线也能穿透大气。also一般紧跟动词；besides一般用在句前；too可用在句中，用逗号隔开。

　　6.【答案】C

　　【解析】根据上题所讲，penetrate这个动词后面应接atmosphere“大气”这个名词

　　7.【答案】D

　　【解析】这里的come through相当于penetrate，穿透。come across“偶遇”；come to“来到”；come from“来自”。本句意为：各类来自外部空间的宇宙射线穿透大气层……，故选come through。

　　8.【答案】B

 

　　【解析】Valid有效的；various各种各样的；proper合适的。在四个选项中只有enormous表示“大量的”意思。

　　9.【答案】A

　　【解析】as soon as“只要”；as well as“除……之外”；as much as“和……一样多”；as possible as“尽可能的”。

　　10.【答案】B

　　【解析】be exposed to“暴露于”，show“展示”；face“面对”。

　　11.【答案】A

　　【解析】本句前半句的意思是：“人们一离开大气层就会接触射线”；后半句意思是：“他们的太空服和太空船会阻止射线造成的损害”。前后应该是转折关系，故用but。

　　12.【答案】D

　【解析】Do +动词原型的结构表示强调谓语动词。

　　13.【答案】C

　　【解析】由radiation和explorers可推测，应选space(太空)。本句意为射线是探险者在太空遇见的已知的最大危险。

　　14.【答案】B

　　【解析】unit“单位、单元”；element“元素”；part“部分”；piece“碎片”本句意为：射线的多少可以以雷目这个测量单位测量。

　　15.【答案】A

　　【解析】receive表示客观收到；accept表示主观接受。我们受到的辐射并非主观接受。

　　16.【答案】D

　　【解析】conventional“传统的”；common“共同的、普通的”；general“一般的、总体的”；normal“正常的”。本句意为：我们每年接受的正常辐射量……，故选normal。

　　17.【答案】D

　　【解析】shift“移动”；convert“转换”；modify“修改”；vary“变化”。根据句意，所处地点不同，所受辐射量也不一样……，故选varies.

　　18.【答案】C

　　【解析】本句应填入引导宾语从句的代词，而从句不缺少主语和宾语，因而不选择what和which，又加之主句是陈述语气，故选择that。

　　19.【答案】A

　　【解析】put up with“忍受”，固定搭配。keep up with和catch up with意为跟上,come up with意为提出。

　20.【答案】B

　　【解析】more (radiation)后应加than。

 

 

Test 18

Children model themselves largely on their parents.They do so mainly through identification.Children identify  1 a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 2 of that parent.The things parents do and say—and the 3 they do and say to them—therefore strongly influence a child's 4 .However, parents must consistently behave like the type of  5  they want their child to become.

A parent's actions 6 affect the selfimage that a child forms  7 identification.Children who see mainly positive qualities in their  8  will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way.Children who observe chiefly 9 qualities in their parents will have difficulty 10 positive qualities in themselves.Children may 11 their selfimage, however, as they become increasingly 12 by peers groups standards before they reach 13 .

Isolated events, 13 dramatic ones, do not necessarily have a permanent 14 on a child's behavior.Children interpret such events according to their established attitudes and previous training.Children who know they are loved can,  15  , accept the divorce of their parent's or a parent’s early 16 .But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events  17  a sign of rejection or punishment.

In the same way, all children are not influenced 18 by toys and games, reading matter, and television programs. 19 in the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the 20 of an activity or experience depends on how the child interprets it.(240words)

　1.A.to          B.with          C.around         D.for

　　2.A.informed         B.characteristic

　　C.conceived          D.indicative

　　3.A.gesture       B.expression_r 　　C.way       D.extent

　　4.A.behavior      B.words        C.mood     D.reactions

　　5.A.person        B.humans      C.creatures    D.adult

　　6.A.in turn        B.nevertheless　　C.also    D.as a result

7.A.before         B.besides        C.with     D.through

8.A.eyes           B.parents        C.peers   D.behaviors

　9.A.negative         B.cheerful       C.various  D.complex

　10.A.see            B.seeing         C.to see   D.to seeing

　11.A.modify        B.copy          C.give up   D.continue

　12.A.mature        B.influenced     C.unique  D.independent

　13.A.not           B.besides        C.even     D.finally

14.A.idea          B.wonder        C.stamp     D.effect

　15.A.luckily          B.for example

　　C.at most           D.theoretically

　16.A.death           B.rewards       C.advice   D.teaching

　17.A.as            B.being          C.of        D.for

　18.A.even          B.at all          C.alike   D.as a whole

　19.A.Oh            B.Alas          C.Right      D.As

　20.A.result          B.effect          C.scale      D.cause

 

　　1.【答案】B

　　【解析】identify与with连用，意为“把……和……联系起来”。

　　2.【答案】B

　　【解析】文中的意思是“……代表他父母特点的品质和情感”。Inform“通知”；conceive“想象”；indicative“指示的”；characteristic“特点、特性”。

　　3.【答案】C

　　【解析】这里way是指父母的行为方式。gesture手势，expression_r表情，extent范围，这三项与上行文不符。

　　4.【答案】A

　　【解析】这里是说父母的行为方式对孩子的行为影响强烈。behavior行为，words语言，mood心情，reactions反应，均不符合题意。　　

5.【答案】A

　　【解析】这里是说父母必须始终如一地表现出想让他们的孩子成为的那种类型的人。human指人类，creatures指生物，adult指成年人。

　　6.【答案】C

 

　　【解析】前面是说父母的言行会强烈地影响孩子的行为，这里是说父母的言行还影响孩子的自我形象，所以用连词also。in turn依次；nevertheless然而；as a result结果。

　　7.【答案】D

　　【解析】这里是说孩子通过鉴别身份形成自我形象，因此选择through。

　　8.【答案】B

　　【解析】根据下文：children who observe chiefly negative qualities in their parents…，可以看出答案。

　　9.【答案】A

　　【解析】由上句positive可以推测出此处要选其反义词negative。

　　10.【答案】B

　　【解析】have difficulty(in)doing sth.“做……有困难”，固定用法。

　　11.【答案】A

　　【解析】由however可以看出，这句话的意思是对前面“子女的自我形象要受到父母的言行影响”的转折。modify“修改、修饰”；give up“放弃”。copy和continue不符合文义。

　　12.【答案】B

　　【解析】influenced“受影响的”；mature“成熟的”；unique“惟一的”；independent“独立的”。句后用by…作介词短语，故此处需要一个过去分词。

　　13.【答案】C

　　【解析】这里是说“孤立的事件，甚至是富有戏剧性的事，都不一定会对孩子的行为产生永久的影响”。

　　14.【答案】D

　　【解析】have an effect on“对……产生影响”，固定搭配。

　　15.【答案】B

　　【解析】逗号后面的一句是对前句的解释，是举例说明，故选for example。

　　16.【答案】A

　　【解析】这里or与连接的两个词都应是意义相似的令人不愉快的事，选项中与divorce相对应的词只有death。

　　17.【答案】A

　　【解析】interpret与as搭配，意为“把……理解为”。

　　18.【答案】C

　　【解析】这句是说“并不是所有的孩子同样地都受到玩具、游戏、读物、电视节目的影响。alike“同样地”，意思最接近。

　　19.【答案】D

　　【解析】as“正如……”；A、B项选择是感叹词，后面多用逗号。Right在意思上不合适。

　　20.【答案】B

 

　　【解析】本句意为：家庭关系的突然变化或某种经历对孩子的影响取决于他们对这些事如何理解。result“结果”；effect“影响”；scale“刻度”；cause“原因”

 

 

Test 19

Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent.Concepts of reading have changed 1 over the centuries.During the 1950's and 1960's especially, increased attention has been devoted to 2 the reading process. 3 specialists agree that reading  4  a complex organization of higher mental  5  , they disagree 6 the exact nature of the process.Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds,  7  reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe sounds they stand  8  .

These authorities 9 that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process.Others maintain that reading is 10 related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without  11  their meaning is not truly reading.The reader, 12 some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 13 reads.

Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 14 .By some expert they would not be 15 as readers.Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use.By the most 16 and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to 17 the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various 18 , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do 19 widely and enthusiastically. 20 reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.(245words)

 

　　1.A.substantively             B.substantially

　　C.substitutively             D.subjectively

　　2.A.define and describe         B.definition and description

　　C.defining and describing     D.have defined and described

　　3.A.Although      B.If        C.Unless    D.Until

　　4.A.involves              B.involves to

C.is involved            D.involves of

　　5.A.opinions       B.effects     C.manners    D.functions

　　6.A.of            B.about      C.for         D.into

　　7.A.view          B.look       C.reassure     D.agree

　　8.A.by            B.to         C.off         D.for

　　9.A.content        B.contend     C.contempt    D.contact

　　10.A.inexplicably         B.inexpressibly

　C.inextricably           D.inexpediently

　11.A.interpreting      B.saying      C.explaining  D.reading

　　12.A.like          B.for example    C.according to   D.as

　　13.A.sometimes     B.might      C.practical    D.actually

　　14.A.entire         B.entirety      C.entirely    D.entity

　　15.A.classed        B.granted       C.classified D.graded

　　16.A.inclusive         B.inclinable

C.conclusive        D.complicated

　　17.A.break up         B.elaborate      C.define  D.unlock

　　18.A.purposes       B.degrees       C.stages    D.steps

　　19.A.such          B.so as          C.so      D.such as

　20.A.By the way              B.In short

　　C.So far                   D.On the other hand

 

 

　　1.【答案】B

　　【解析】substantively“实质地”；substantially“大量地”；substitutively“可替代地”；subjectively“主观地”。本句意为经过几个世纪，阅读的概念已经改变了很多。

　　2.【答案】C

　　【解析】在这里to是介词，后接名词或动名词。因本句中the reading process前也应有动词，故选动名词。

　　3.【答案】A

　　【解析】although表示“尽管”，符合句意。

　　4.【答案】A

　　【解析】involve使卷入、包括；被动语态时用be involved in；没有involve to和involve of的用法。

　　5.【答案】D

　　【解析】mental function智力活动。Opinion“意见”；manner“行为”；effect“影响”，这三项与mental搭配不妥。

　　6.【答案】B

　　【解析】disagree about/on“对……有不同意见”，在这一含义上不能用其他介词。

　　7.【答案】A

　　【解析】view…as把……看作。

　　8.【答案】D

　　【解析】stand for“代表”；stand by“支持”；stand to“遵守”；stand off“冷淡”。

　　9.【答案】B

　　【解析】contend“争论”；content“含量、容量”；contempt“轻视、蔑视”；contact“接触、联系”。根据句意，此处应选contend，意为这些权威争论说……。

　　10.【答案】A

　　【解析】inexplicably“无法解释地”；inextricably“无法摆脱的”；inexpressibly“说不出地”；inexpediently“不适当地、不明智地”。本句意为其他人坚持认为阅读无法解释地与思考联系在一起。

　　11.【答案】A

　　【解析】interpreting“理解”；explaining“解释”。本句意为一个孩子能发出声音而不理解所读的含义，不能叫做真正的阅读。

　　12.【答案】C

　　【解析】在这里according to some是说“根据一些人的观点”。

　　13.【答案】D

　　【解析】actually“事实上地”；practical是形容词，不能修饰动词。这里actually和前半句的theoretical是在词意上的相对，符合句意。

　　14.【答案】B

　　【解析】代词its后接名词，四项选择中只有B、D项是名词。entirety“整体”；entity“实体”。in its entirety指整体地、全面地。

　　15.【答案】C

　　【解析】be classified as“被划分、被分类到”；be granted“被授予”。

　　16.【答案】C

　　【解析】conclusive“确定的”；inclusive“包括的、包围的”；inclinable“倾向于、赞成的”；complicated“复杂的”。the most conclusive是最高级，指最确定性的。

　　17.【答案】D

　　【解析】unlock“解开、破译”；elaborate“详细说明、论述”；define“解释、限定”；break up“解散”。

　　18.【答案】A

　　【解析】for various purposes因为各种各样的原因，与上下文相符。

　　19.【答案】C

　　【解析】此处用副词so修饰widely。

　　20.【答案】B

　　【解析】根据文意，此处要作总结，选in short“总之”。By the way顺便说，So far到目前为止，on the other hand另一方面。