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vary, various, varied, variety, variable

 

 

1.vary  vt./vi

 

I. vt.

1.改变;变更;修改

  vary one's method of work 改变工作方法

  vary one's plans 变更计划

  vary the speed 改变速度

  He never varied his habits. 他从未改变过自己的习惯。

  You should vary your diet.

  I can vary the speed at my will.

  He varies the treatment according to circumstances.

  He never varies his style.

 

2.使多样化;

  Teachers should vary their lessons to make them more interesting.

  为了增加趣味,教师应该使自己的课多样化。

 

3.【音】变奏(曲调或主题)

 

II. vi.

1.变化;呈多样化[(+in/on/with)]

  That sort of thing varies from person to person. 那种事因人而异。

2.偏离;违反[(+from)]

3.【生】变异

4.【数】成比例变化

 

 

辨析：vary in, vary from 和 vary with

1.vary in 中的 in 表示方面，即"在…方面"的含义，整个短语表示"在…方面不同"的意思。例如：

  Stars vary in brightness. 星星的光亮度各不相同。

  The two pairs of clothes vary in price. 这两套衣服在价格上是不同的。

  Television sets vary widely in price.

  This author's works vary greatly in quality.

  People vary [differ] very much in their ideas.

 

2.vary with 中的 with 表示伴随，整个短语表示"随…不同而不同，随…而改变"的意思。例如：

  The prices of some goods vary with the season. 某些货物的价格随着季节而变化。

  The weight of a body varies with latitude and altitude, its mass does not.

  物体的重量随所处的经纬度而变化，而质量则与此无关。

 

3.vary from 中的 from 表示比较，整个短语表示"与…不同，违反"的意思，有比较的意味。例如：

  Opinions on the matter vary from person to person.

  对这件事情的看法人人意见不一致。

  The menu varies with the season. 菜单随着季节的变化而变化。

  The students'work varies considerably in size. 学生作业的质量甚是参差不齐。

  That sort of thing varies from person to person.

  He [his mood] varies from day to day.

  The price of meat varies from day to day.

  This action varies from the law of nature. 这种做法违反了自然规律。

  It varies from the original. 它与原作不同。

  The fashion of the youth has been various these years.

  近几年年轻人服饰的流行款式多彩多姿。

 

 

2.various  adj.

 

1.不同的;各种各样的,形形色色的 (后面接复数名词)

  various opinions 不同的意见

  for various reasons 由于种种的原因

  at various times 在不同的时代

  fulfil the various fighting tasks 完成各项战斗任务

  Everyone arrived late at the party for various reasons.

  由于种种原因,每个人赴会都迟到了。

  I did that for various reasons. 由于种种原因我才这样做的。

  Their opinions of the project are various.

  A clever student always asks various questions in class.

 

2.好几个的;许多的

  Wheat is grown in various parts of the country. 全国许多地方都种小麦。

 

3.多方面的;多才多艺的

  various branches of knowledge 多方面的知识

 

辨析1：various 和 different

1.various 为“不同的，各种各样的”，强调同一范畴内的品种或数量的不同，而不强调相互间本质的

  差别。如：

  I did that for various reasons. 由于种种原因我才这样做的。

  You may solve the problem in various ways. 你可用各种方式来解决这个问题。

 

2.different 也可用来指品种数量的不同，而不强调本质上的差别，此时可与 various 换用。如：

  I came across different/various people . 我碰见过各种各样的人。

  There's different/various kinds of flowers in his garden. 他的花园里，花的品种繁多。

 

3.different 为“不同的，有差异的”，是普通用语，常指在性质上及在其他方面不同，它强调本质的

  差异，着重独特性与单独性。它常用于be different from 结构，以表示对比的差异。如：

  People in different countries play the same game in different ways.

  同样的运动，不同国家的人用不同的方式进行。

  Things today are greatly different from what they used to be. 今天的情况与过去大不相同。

 

4.various 后面只能用复数名词，而在different 后面既可以用单数名词，也可以用复数名词, 如：

 

辨析2：varied, various 和 variable

这三个形容词的词义互相渗透，它们之间的含义和用法有同有异，因此，往往容易混淆。 varied和various都可以指同一范畴的不同种类，在表示"各种各样，各不相同的"意思时，一般可以换用，只是前者侧重于"不同"的含义，后者则侧重于种类数目的"多"。

 

1.various 作定语时，其后只能接复数名词；而 varied 还有"形形色色，多变化的"的意思，这时它

  既可接单数名词亦可接复数名词。试比较：

  Their opinions are varied. 他们的意见纷纭。（可用various换之，但varied强调了意见的"不同"）

  Representatives from various parts of the country have arrived in Beijing.

  全国各地的代表到达了北京。（可用varied代替，但various强调了地区的数目）

  Various people declared they had seen the lost child, but few could give a definite

  description of him. 很多人自称看见了那个失踪的孩子，但很少人能说清楚他的样子。

 （此句various"多"的数目概念更显然，不可用varied代替）

  The various life made her satisfied. 那种丰富多彩的生活令她心满意足。

  The work of a JP (Justice of the Peace) is very interesting and varied.

  治安官的工作是非常有趣和内容多变的。

 

2.variable 指自然现象（如气候等），人的情绪或脾气性格"多变的，易变的"或"反复无常的"。它还有

  "可变的(able to be changed)"的意思。必须注意，形容词 varied 有一种"改变了的，更改了的

  （having  been changed） "的意思，显然有完成了的意味，因此决不可与 variable 混淆。

   在古英语中，various也有"易变的（easy to be changed）"的意思。试比较：

  The variable weather tires us. 多变的天气使人感到讨厌。

  Her variable mood greatly surprised me. 她反复无常的情绪使我感到极为吃惊。

  The speed of the windscreen wipers is variable. 汽车挡风玻璃上刮水器的速度是可变的。

  Our plan is varied. 我们的计划更改了。

 

 

3.varied adj.

 

 

4.variety  n.

 

1.多样化,变化[U]

  give variety to the programme 使节目丰富多采

  What other ways do you know to add variety? 你知道其他增加变化的方法吗?

  People like to live a life full of variety. 人们喜欢过丰富多彩的生活。

  His writing lacks variety. 他的文体缺乏变化。

  A job that lacks variety soon becomes tiresome.

  Life at school has plenty of variety.

 

2.种类,品种[C]

  varieties of cloth 各种布匹

  There are several varieties of red roses.

  The writer seemed to have created a new variety of humor.

  Hospitals deal with diseases of every variety. 医院诊治各种各样的疾病。

 

3.【生】变种,异种[C][(+of)]

  a new variety of apples 苹果的新品种

4.杂耍;综艺节目[U]

 

5.词组：a variety of 种种;各种各样的;种类繁多的

  a variety of reasons 由于种种原因

  He has a variety of interests. 他有多种爱好。

  Iron has a variety of uses. 铁有种种用处。

  This shop has a variety of toys.

  The woman purchased a variety of items at the market.

  Plastics are manufactured in a variety of forms.

  The woman purchased a variety of items at the market.

  He has a wide variety of interests which makes him popular in his unit.

  He often offered varieties of excuses for being late.

 

 

5.variable  adj./n.

 

I. I. adj.

1.易变的,多变的

  a variable mood (temper) 反复无常的情绪(脾气)

  variable winds 方向不变的风

  The weather here is variable. 这里天气反复无常。

 

2.可变的

  The speed of the toy boat is variable. 玩具船的速度是可变的。

 

3.【生】变异的;畸变的

4.【数】变量的

 

II. n.[C]

1.可变物,易变物;可变因素

  We should take all the variables into account when we make a plan.

  我们制订计划时应该把所有的可变因素考虑进去。

2.【数】变量

  Temperature and rainfall are variables. 气温和降雨量是变量。