刷新你的英语的BLOG

Unit 2

1.       fire vt.解雇；开除/ vi.开枪；射击

 掌握单词的用法：

1). n.失火；火灾

His carelessness caused a big fire.

v. 开火；解雇

The officer ordered his men to fire.

Work hard, otherwise you will be fired.

2). 掌握介词短语的用法

on fire 在燃烧/on the fire 在火上/ on an open fire/在篝火上

The house has been on ~ for two hours.

He is drying his clothes on the fire.

He is cooking sth. on an open fire.

3). 掌握动词短语的用法

catch fire着火/light /make /build a fire生火

put out the fire熄火/ open fire开枪；开火/ set fire to放火焚烧 / be on fire for 对．．．．．．着迷；充满热情

Paper catches fire easily.

He is making a fire to cook lunch.

The firemen soon put on the rebels.（反者；反抗者）

This great mind was on fire for radioactivity.

2.       face vt. 面临；面对；正视

1)      v.

 The kitchen faces (to the ) north.厨房面朝北。

The new government faced / are facing many problems.新政府面临很多问题。

We must face our trouble and bear it. 我们必须正视我们的麻烦并承受它。

face the facts正视现实/ face difficulties正视困难

 be faced with面临；面对 / be faced with two alternatives面临两种选择

We are faced with the same problems of rising cost.我们都面临着物价上涨的问题。

face the music接受不愉快的后果/情况；勇于承担后果（或批评）；临危不惧

I must ~ the music and accept responsibility.

2). n. face  to face (adv.) /She stood ~ to ~ with him.

face-to-face (adj.) / a ~to~ interview

look sb. in the face直视某人

make faces/a face

to sb.’s face当着某人的面；公开地

in the face of…面对．．．．．．而不顾

3.       difficulty n. 困难；难事

u.n. have difficulty (in ) doing sth./做某事有困难，费力

                with sth. /

He has ~ in learning English./ with English grammar.

with difficulty 困难地；艰难地/ without difficulty容易地；毫不费劲地/in difficulty/有困难

Come to see me if you are in ~.

c.n. 难点；（一种具体）困难；difficulties困境（尤指经济拮据）

the difficulties of English grammar/英语语法的难点

overcome difficulties ( every ~)/克服种种困难

be in (financial ) difficulties/处境困难；经济拮据；手头拮据

out of a /the ~脱离困难

get /run into difficulties陷入困境

He is having financial difficulties.

4.       reason n. 原因；动机；理性；道理

 vt. vi. 说服；推论；劝说

1). c.n. 理由；原因；缘故；动机。指决定某一件事或采取某一行动的理由，由此的出结论或解释。

She just suddenly left without giving any reason.它她没有提出任何理由就离开了。

for this/ that reason为此；为此理由/ He doesn’t eat pork for religious reasons.他因宗教上的原因不吃猪肉。

For this reason, I can’t come with you.因为这个理由，我不能和你一起来。

 reason for + n./ to do…．．．．．．的/做 ．．．．．．的理由

The reason for my absence was that I was ill.我没来是因为我生病了。

Give your reason for changing the plan.把你改变计划的理由讲一下。

Is there any reason to go there?你要去哪儿，有什么理由吗？

see reason 看出．．．．．．的理由 /I see no ~ to doubt it.我没有理由表示怀疑。

I saw no ~ for your doing it.我看出你做这件事的理由。

reason  + why(that)…．．．．．．的理由

The reason why he didn’t get the job was that his English was poor.

The reason that he explained to us is acceptable.

**cause / 起因，指引起某种后果的原因。

The cause of the accident was that he was driving fast.事故的原因是他开车太快。

excuse/辩解；借口。指为某一行为所做的解释，可以是真的，也可以是托词。

Too much work is no ~ for not studying.工作太忙不能成为不学习的理由。

u.n. 理性；道理

One must use~ to solve this problem.必须用理智来解决这个问题。

Only man has ~.只有人才有理智。

lose one’s reason 丧失理智；发疯

There is no ~ in your advice./ what you say.你的忠告/你讲的有道理。

2). vt. vi. 推理；推论；思考 reason + sth.

Man alone can ~.只有人类才能推理。

Man’s ability to ~ makes him different from the animal.人类的推理（思考能力）使他异于禽兽。

reason +n./ that…推理为．．．．．．

I ~ed that he was lying.我推断他在说谎。

说服；劝说

reason + with sb. 说服某人/与某人评理

He tired to ~ with his students.他设法说服学生。

There is no point in trying to ~ with him—he ‘ll never change his mind.

reason sb. + into / out of (doing sth.)说服某人做某事（不做）某事

=persuade sb. to do (not to do)

= persuade sb. into /out of doing

=talk sb. into /out of doing

= argue sb. into /out of doing

I ~ed him into (out of) accepting the invitation.我说服他接受（拒绝）邀请。

3) reasonable adj.

 a reasonable explanation合理的解释/ a ~ price公道的价格/ a ~ man讲道理的人

5.elect vt. vi. 选择；选举。表示选举（某人担任某一职务）后面常接表示人及所担任职务的名词。其前不可加冠词。

elect + sb. + 职务/头衔

We elected him(as/ to be) chairman.

She was elected manager of that company.

He was ~ed president.

select 表示精心挑选人或物品。是正式用词。重要指从许多同类的人或物中按客观的标准对质量进行比较鉴别；认真地选出喜欢的。

Please select seeds very carefully.

choose 表示一般性选择，是常用词。指凭个人的判断或意愿在所提供的人或物中选择。

choose…from从．．．．．．选择人或物

choose … out of 从．．．．．．数目中选若干东西

Choose friends carefully.

We choose him (as) our monitor.

Ex.

1).There are plenty of books to choose from.

2). We’ll elect Li Ping monitor of our class.

3). These are selected works of that famous writer.

6. go up (vi.)上升；增长；攀登；走过去

1) a)上涨；上升b）走过去

(1)The temperature had gone up by 5 degrees.

(2) Prices seem to be going up.

(3) He went up to the teacher quickly as soon as he saw her.

2)(同) rise (vi.) ;raise(vt.), increase (vi., vt.)

(反) go down, drop, decrease , reduce

*(4) The price has (been) increased by 5 dollars，

**(5)The number of the students of the school has dropped/ decreased/reduce to 216.

7.burn down （使）烧成平地；烧毁

(同) burn …to the ground

The enemy burned down the village.

The village was burned down by the enemy.

8.for once 就这（那）次（表示至少这一次，时不这样。

at once立即，上

once in a while偶尔；隔些时候

once more/ again再次；重新

once or twice几次；一两次

1)      For once, he was telling the truth.至少这一次，他在讲真话。

2)      He’s behaving himself for (this) once.这一次他当了回自己。有自己的主见、做法等。

9.present /      /vt.呈现；描述；介绍；赠送；提出（论点）

/      / adj. 现在的；在场的n. 目前；现在；礼物=gift

1)      vt.

 They presented flowers to their teacher.(=give away)他们把鲜花送给他们的老师。

(作此意，常用present…with…)

Our class presented the school with a picture.我们班送给学校一张画。

May I present my new assistant  to you ?(=introduce)请允许我向你介绍我的新助手。

The characters in the novel are vividly presented.( =describe)小说中的任务被描写得很生动。

The latest development presents a problem.(=report)最新的发展使一个问题显现出来了。

He presented his views and then sat down.(= offer)他提出了自己的观点然后作了下去。

2)      adj./ n.

 the members present在场的成员

the present members/ president目前的成员/现任总统

be present at = attend 出席  ~~be absent from

A lot of students were present at the meeting.很多学生出席会议。

at present = at the ~ time现在；目前

At ~, I’m free.现在我有空。

for the present就现在来说，暂时

Let’s leave things as they are for the ~.

He often gave her little ~s.

10. effort c.n./ u.n.努力；艰难的尝试 c.n.努力的结果

make (an) effort(s) (to do sth.)努力做某事

make every effort尽一切努力

spare no effort不遗余力，极力

with(an) effort费力地；使劲地

without effort毫不费力地

a good effort好成果

I’ll make every effort/ do all I can to help you .我将努力帮助你。

11.seldom= rarely= not often (adv.)很少；不常；难得（是一个含有否定意义的程度副词，类似于rarely，有seldom的句子变为反意问句时，后面的附加部分用肯定形式；seldom位于句首时，句子主谓部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或be动词提前。

He is ~ late for school.

You seldom do housework at home, do you?

Seldom does he go to see his parents in the countryside.

类似hardly= barely= scarcely= almost not几乎不

12.even if /even though 即使；纵使；虽然

though虽然；尽管

1)两者都引导让步状语从句，但though指的是事实；而even if /even though是假设或推断，有退一步设想的意味。

e.g. Though he loves her, he can’t marry her.尽管他爱她，但不能和她结婚。

Even though he loves her, he can’t marry her.即使他爱她，也不能和她结婚。

I must find the lost child, even if it is getting dark.即使天黑了，我也必须找到那个失踪的小孩。

Though it was dark, he started out on time.尽管天很黑，他还是按时出发了。

**2) even if /even though后面常用虚拟语气。当让步状语从句的动词用虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设时，通常用even if /even though，而不用though。

You are not stupid. Even though/ if you were slow in study, you shouldn’t give up your studies.你并不愚笨。即使学得慢一点，也不应该放弃学习。

***3)当让步状语从句的动词用一般现在时表示将来或一般的行为习惯时，通常用even if /even though，一般不用though或although。

Even if /though I have to walk all the way, I’ll go there.即使我得一路走着去，我也要走到那里。

She won’t attend such parties even though/if she is invited.即使邀请她，她也不会参加这样的聚会。

13.attention u.n. 注意；专心；留心

draw attention to ( + doing sth.)吸引注意力到

pay attention to 注意

catch / call/ attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意

turn one’s attention to 把某人的注意力转向

devote one’s attention to专心于

fix/ concentrate one’s attention on/ upon把注意力集中在

1)      She is very quiet and doesn’t draw much attention to herself.她很文静，很少引起别人的注意。

2)      I have turned my attention to the computer.我的注意力转向了电脑。

3)      Pay attention to your spelling.注意你的拼写。

4)      Great ~ must be paid ____ education, esp. in the countryside.(C)

A. develop    B. to develop  C. to developing (√)   D. developing

14.on all sides =on every side 在个方面；到处

The result is a better understanding of the world on all ~s.结果会使人们更好地了解世界的方方面面。

on sb.’s side/ 和某人站在一边；支持某人

on the left/right side在左/右边

on the other side of the road在公路的另一边

on either side / both sides of the street.杂街道的两边

15.change one’s mind/改变注意/想法

make up one’s mind（ to do sth.）/下决心（做某事）

read one’s mind/看出某人的心事

fix one’s mind on/ upon…/集中精力于．．．．．．

keep/ bear sth. in mind记住某事

I made up my mind to study hard.

How can you read my ~?

You should fix your ~ on your study.

You might bear this in mind.

16.1)affair c.n. 事情；affairs事务指一般事情，也指重大事情（这时用复数）。

current affairs 时事

The railway accident was a terrible affair.那次火车车祸是一件可怕的事。

A prime minister is kept busy with ~ s of state.一个国家总理总忙于国家事务。

2) business u.n. 表示生意、商业事务，作事情讲时，强调责任，指有责任、有必要做的事情，往往强调任务、职务等指派性工作。

Mind your own business.管自己的事。（少管闲事）。

He is away on business.他因公出差。

We don’t do much ~ with them.我们和他们没有多少生意来往。

3)      event多指重大事件和运动比赛项目。

A daughter’s marriage is quite an ~ father.女儿的婚姻对父亲而言确实是件大事。

the chief events of 1987

hold an outdoor event

4)      incident c.n.指小事，事件。

an ordinary event / the July 7^th Incident of 1937

5)      matter 常指需要考虑和处理的事情；the matter事情，问题；matters情况，事态。

The matter is not decided yet.这事还没有决定。

What’s the matter with you?你怎么了？

It will make matters worse.这会使事态恶化。

6)      thing c.n.表示事情。可具体可抽象；可大可小；可好可坏。things形势，情况

  To say is one thing, but to do is anther.说是一回事，可做又是一回事。

  I have a lot of ~s to do.

  Things will be better in the future.

7)      accident c.n.指意外，偶然发生的恶性事件。

An ~ occurred yesterday.

17.telegram c.n. 电报；指具体电报

send/receive a telegram 拍发/接收电报

telegraph u.n. 电报，指通讯方式

send it / a message by telegraph 用电报传递信息

18.complete vt. 完成；结束

adj.完整的；全部的  the ~ works/ a ~ victory全集/全胜

1)      vt.指完成预定的任务、工程、建设等。强调完成、完毕的全过程，有完美无缺的意思。表示积极地完成。

 complete + n. →be completed建成、完成

The workers have completed the house.

The new railway is completed.

The papers are completed.论文稿已写完。

adj./be complete= be finished

The papers are complete论文稿完成。

My work will be complete next week.

Is this a complete story?全部的故事吗？

She was a complete failure.彻底的失败者。

2)      finish + sth./ + doing强调动作的结束。表示消极的完成。

Have you finished your homework?

She finished writing a letter just now.

3). end 强调某事的终止时间而不考虑内容是否完成。

Her speech ended at 2. →She ended her speech at 2.她的演讲到2点结束。

19. look up to sb. 敬仰；尊敬；钦佩

 (反) look down upon sb.轻视；看不起

I ~ up to  my parents.我尊敬我的父母。

Everyone in the village ~ed up to the old.村子里的每个人都尊敬这位老人。

We shouldn’t look down upon the poor.

look forward to sth. / doing sth.盼望/期待做

20.fall in love with …爱上．．．．．．（强调动作）

be in love with…爱上．．．．．．（强调状态）

He fell in love with its warm weather.

They fell in love at first sight.

They have been in love with each other for two years.

21disappoint vt. 使失望；使（计划等）受挫折。

disappointed adj.失望的

I know I shall disappoint you.我知道我会让你失望。

You disappoint us by not coming to our party.你没有来我们的聚会使我们很失望。

She was disappointed to hear that.听到那个消息她很失望。

22.guard c.n. 守卫，警卫员，卫兵，看守，哨兵；警戒；防护装置。

Two ~s are stationed at the gate.

the president’s ~警卫

The soldier is on ~.贴身侍卫

guard against…谨防．．．．．．，对．．．．．．提防

/ We  must always guard against any possible errors.我们必须防止可能发生的任何错误。

23.citizen c.n.公民；市民

  a citizen of London/ a ~ of Beijing伦敦市民/北京市民

I am Chinese birth, but I became a US ~.我生于中国，但已经成为美国公民。

24.arm vt.武装；用武器装备

n.胳臂；arms武器；兵器

1) arm …with…/ be armed with…

He armed himself with a big stick.他拿根大木棒当武器。

2). hurt one’s arm /伤了手臂

take sb. by the arm/抓住某人的手臂

fold one’s arms/双臂交叉于胸前

nuclear arms/核武器

lay down one’s arms放下武器

take up arms拿起武器