飘零佳子的BLOG

 

《 爱 心 素 简 》

--by佳子

 

4。候鸟

 

我飞翔在汹涌海上

 

暴晒于酷阳下

 

往返在两极冰点和热带骤雨间

 

途中每块树林翻飞的景色

 

勾起我的眷念翩翩

 

每片碧叶向着阳光的情愫

 

填不满我对之渴望

 

为此  我只有

 

不断翱翔与迁飞

 

直到太阳融去蜡做的翅膀

 

谁在乎那一天

 

因我曾幸福地追求理想

 

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*蜡做的翅膀的来源-希腊神话里代达罗斯(Daedalus)和他的儿子伊卡洛斯(Icarus)的故事，

伊卡洛斯之死的故事往往是警告世人不要放纵自己、不要沉溺于享乐，

不过，我对他却有另一番理解-舍命追求自己的梦想，纵为此献身也是幸福的！ 

 

第十一章代达罗斯和伊卡洛斯 

    雅典的代达罗斯是墨提翁的儿子，厄瑞克透斯的曾孙，也是厄瑞克族人。他是一位伟大的艺术家，是位建筑师和雕刻家。世界各地的人都十分赞赏他的艺术品，说他的雕像是具有灵魂的创造物，因为从前的大师创作石像时，都让石像闭上眼睛，双手连着身体，无力地垂落下来。而他第一个让雕刻的人像张开眼睛，往前伸出双手，并迈开双腿好像走路一样。可是，代达罗斯却是一个爱虚荣和爱妒嫉的人。这一缺点诱使他作恶，使他陷于悲惨的境地。代达罗斯有个外甥，名叫塔洛斯。塔洛斯向他学艺，而他的天分比代达罗斯高，并立志作出更大的成就。还在儿童时代，塔洛斯就已经发明了陶工旋盘，他用蛇的颌骨作为锯子，用锯齿锯断一块小木板。后来，他又依样造了一把铁锯，从而成为锯子的发明者。他还发明了圆规。起初，他们两根铁棒连结起来，然后让其中一根固定位置，让另一根旋转。他是个善于动脑筋的人，还发明了别的巧妙的工具。而这一切都是他独立完成的，没有他舅舅的帮助。因而他出了名，赢得了很大的声誉。代达罗斯担心他的学生会超过他，一股嫉妒的怒火油然而生，竟阴险地把他从雅典城墙上推了下去，残酷地杀害了自己的学生。代达罗斯埋葬尸体的时候，十分惊恐，慌里慌张，被人发现了，他谎称在埋一条蛇。可是他仍被指控谋杀，受到希腊雅典最高法院的传唤和审讯。结果被判有罪。但他逃脱了，在惊慌之中，在阿提喀迷失了方向，流浪多时，最后来到克里特岛。他找到国王弥诺斯，并在那里住下来。他成为国王的朋友，被当作有名望的艺术家受到极大的尊重。国王委派他给牛头人身的巨怪弥诺陶洛斯建造一所住宅，要让进去的人都感到晕头转向，迷失方向。代达罗斯头脑灵活，尽心建造了一座迷宫。里面迂回曲折，使进去的人不由得眼花缭乱，双脚不由自主地走到岔道上去。无数的过道互相交错，犹如夫利基阿的密安得河迂回的河水，一会儿顺流，一会儿倒流，又回到它的源头。迷宫造好后，代达罗斯走进去察看，连自己也几乎找不到出口处。弥诺陶洛斯就深藏在迷宫的深处。根据古老的规定，雅典城每九年必须给克里特国王送上七名童男童女，作为进贡弥诺陶洛斯的祭品。代达罗斯虽然受到赞誉，但因离家日久，总是怀着对家乡的眷恋之情，而且他感觉到国王其实并不信任他，对他缺乏真诚，因此他不愿意在这个孤岛上虚度一生。他想设法逃走。久经考虑后，他高兴地说，弥诺斯虽然可以从陆上和水上封住我的去路，但在空中我是畅通无阻的。他开始收集整理大大小小的羽毛，把最小最短的羽毛拼成长毛，看上去像天生的一般。他把羽毛用麻线在中间捆住，在末端用腊封牢。最后，把羽毛微微弯曲，看起来完全像鸟翼一样。
    代达罗斯有一个儿子叫伊卡洛斯。这孩子喜欢站在他的身旁，用一双小手帮父亲劳动。父亲听凭他在一旁随意地摆弄羽毛，微笑地看着他的笨拙的动作。终于一切都完成了。代达罗斯把翅膀缚在身上试了试。他像鸟一样飞了起来，轻轻地升上云天，然后重新降落下来。他又指教儿子伊卡洛斯如何操纵。他已给他做了一对小羽翼。“你要当心，”他叮嘱道，“必须在半空中飞行。你如果飞得太低，羽翼会碰到海水，沾湿了会变得沉重，你就会被拽在大海里；要是飞得太高，翅膀上的羽毛会因靠近太阳而着火。”代达罗斯一边说，一边把羽翼给儿子缚在他的双肩上，但他的手却在微微地发抖。最后，他拥抱着儿子，还给了他一个鼓励的吻。
    两个人鼓起翅膀渐渐地升上了天空。父亲飞在前头，他像带着初次出巢的雏鸟飞行的老鸟一样，小心地扇着翅膀，不时地回过头来，看儿子飞行得怎样。开始时一切都很顺利。不久他们就到达萨玛岛上空，随后又飞过了提洛斯和培罗斯。伊卡洛斯兴高采烈，他感到飞行很轻快，不由得骄傲起来。于是，他操纵着羽翼朝高空飞去，可是惩罚也终于飞来了！太阳强烈的阳光融化了封蜡，用蜡封在一起的羽毛开始松动。伊卡洛斯还没有发现，羽翼已经完全散开，从他的双肩上滚落下去。不幸的孩子只得用两手在空中绝望地划动，可是他浮不起来，一头栽落下去，最后掉在汪洋大海中，万顷碧波把他淹没了。这一切发生得很突然，瞬间便结束了，代达罗斯根本没有觉察到。当他再次回过头来时，没有看见他的儿子。“伊卡洛斯，伊卡洛斯！”他预感不妙，大声呼喊起来，“你在哪里？我到哪里才能找到你？”最后，他惊恐地朝下面瞅了一眼。他看到海面上漂着许多羽毛。代达罗斯连忙收住羽翼，降落在一座海岛上，将羽翼放在一边，他张大眼睛，满怀希望地寻找着。一会儿，汹涌的海浪把他儿子的尸体推上了海岸。天哪！被他杀害的塔洛斯以此报了仇雪了恨！绝望的父亲掩埋了儿子的尸体。为纪念他的儿子，从此，埋葬伊卡洛斯尸体的海岛叫做伊卡利亚。代达罗斯怀着悲痛，又继续飞行。他飞向西西里岛，这里是国王科卡罗斯统治的地方。就像从前在克里特岛上受到弥诺斯的款待一样，他在这里也受到盛情接待，被当作贵客。他的艺术天才使当地居民十分惊喜。他在那里兴修水利，造了人工湖泊，又把湖水顺着河流一直送到附近的大海。在陡峭的山峦顶上，有一块无法攀登冲击的险要地方，连树木也难生长，他在上面建造了一座坚固的城池，修筑了一条羊肠小道盘旋而上，直到山顶。这样的城堡只要三、四个人就可以守护，固若磐石。科卡罗斯国王选择这座难以攻克的城堡存放他的珍宝。代达罗斯在西西里岛上完成的第三件工程是在地面上挖一座深洞。他从洞里巧妙地引取地下火的热气，所以，即使一座潮湿的岩洞，现在也舒适得如同暖室，好像岩洞里安了取暖设备一样，人在慢慢地出汗，却又不嫌太热。此外，他还扩建了厄里克斯山上的阿佛洛狄忒神庙，给女神献祭了一只金蜂房。代达罗斯精心雕刻，那些小蜂窝几乎达到乱真的地步，跟天然的蜂窝一模一样。
    国王弥诺斯听说代达罗斯逃到西西里岛，非常恼怒，决心派出强大的部队，把他重新抢回来。他装备了一支舰队，从克里特一直驶往西西里岛。他的军队上岛以后驻扎下来，然后他派出使者前往京城，要求国王科卡罗斯交出逃亡的代达罗斯。科卡罗斯听了这异邦君主的蛮横的要求非常愤怒。他思量着怎样一举消灭这位来犯的头领。科卡罗斯装作答应他的要求，邀请他赴会商谈。弥诺斯来了，受到科卡罗斯的盛情款待。经过长途跋涉，弥诺斯准备洗个温水澡来消除旅途的疲劳。等他坐在浴缸里时，科卡罗斯让人不断加火升温，直到弥诺斯烫死在沸水里。西西里国王把尸体交给克里特人，说弥诺斯是在洗澡时失足跌入沸水池之中的。克里特的士兵在阿格里根特城郊隆重地埋葬了弥诺斯，并在他的墓旁建造了一座阿佛洛狄忒神庙。
    代达罗斯成了科卡罗斯国王的座上客。他在这里培养了许多有名的艺术家，成为西西里岛土著文化的奠基人。他在那里虽然受到敬重和礼遇，但由于儿子惨死海中，他内心却一直闷闷不乐，晚年时更加忧郁，苦恼。最后，他死在西西里，并被埋葬在那里。

 

以下这些都是有关这个故事的世界名画，

每幅画表达的画家对这个故事的思想都是不同的。

 

 伊卡洛斯之悼/The Lament for Icarus ，画家Herbert Draper, 1898，画中女子是仙女宁芙们

 

 

这幅画展示了悲剧发生当时的生动形象的情形。

 

这幅画是在谴责父亲代达罗斯的狠心，说他是他儿子死亡的真正原因。

 

名画-伊卡洛斯之坠/The Fall of Icarus，画家Pietr Breughel，

表示人民对伊卡洛斯之死的漠不关心。

 

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以下是相关的著名英文诗歌，要知道那些诗歌的中文意思，过几天再来看吧，现在我没空翻译

 

1. Landscape with the Fall of Icarus (1962). William Carlos Williams (1883-1963). /有关最后这幅画

According to Brueghel   普鲁戈说
when Icarus fell            伊卡洛斯坠时
it was spring                 当是春季

a farmer was ploughing 一位老农在耕地
his field                        他的田地
the whole pageantry     那般壮丽

of the year was            因那战争
awake tingling              在苏醒中骚动不安
near                             就在那附近

the edge of the sea       海岸线
concerned                    只是在考虑着  
with itself                      他自己

sweating in the sun        在太阳中流汗
that melted                    他的蜡做翅膀
the wings' wax               被融化了

unsignificantly                 毫无意义般
off the coast                   在离开海滩不远
there was                       有一点

a splash quite unnoticed   让人无以察觉
it was                              故事正在发生
Icarus drowning.              伊卡洛斯正在被淹死

2. Musee des Beaux Arts (1940). W.H. Auden (1907-1973)

About suffering they were never wrong,
The Old Masters: how well they understood
Its human position; how it takes place
While someone else is eating or opening a window or just walking dully along;
How, when the aged are reverently, passionately waiting
For the miraculous birth, there must always be
Children who did not specially want it to happen, skating
On a pond at the edge of the wood:
They never forgot
That even the dreadful martyrdom must run its course
anyhow in a corner, some untidy spot
Where dogs go on with their doggy life and the torturer's horse
Scratches its innocent behind on a tree.

In Brueghel's Icarus,for instance: how everything turns away
Quite leisurely from the disaster; the ploughman may
have heard the splash, the foresaken cry,
But for him it was not an important failure; the sun shone
As it had to on the white legs disappearing into the green
Water; and the expensive delicate ship that must have seen
Something amazing, a boy falling out of the sky,
Had somewhere to get to and sailed calmly on.

3. Icarus (1933). Stephen Spender (1909-1995)  伊卡洛斯

He will watch the hawk with an indifferent eye                 他将会以相同眼光看待鸠鸟

     Or pitifully;                                                                   或者以怜悯之意；

Nor on those eagles that so feared him, now                     那些曾让他害怕的老鹰，现在

     Will strain his brow;                                                    会使他眉毛紧张     

Weapons men use, stone, sling and strong-thewed bow 人类使用的武器、石头 、弹弓和强努之弓

     He will not know.                                                          不会为他所知 

This aristocrat, superb of all instinct,                                   这个贵族，本该对应付各种本能 得心应手              

     With death close linked                                               当死亡临近

Had paced the enormous cloud, almost had won                若只在在云边慢踱，那很快会赢得  

     War on the sun;                                                             这场与太阳的战争

Till now, like Icarus mid-ocean-drowned,                              直到现在，伊卡洛斯沉溺海洋的中央 

     Hands, wings, are found.                 手和翅膀依然能被发现   

4. To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Triumph (1962). Anne Sexton (1928-1974).

Consider Icarus, pasting those sticky wings on,
testing this strange little tug at his shoulder blade,
and think of that first flawless moment over the lawn
of the labyrinth. Think of the difference it made!
There below are the trees, as awkward as camels;
and here are the shocked starlings pumping past
and think of innocent Icarus who is doing quite well:
larger than a sail, over the fog and the blast
of the plushy ocean, he goes. Admire his wings!
Feel the fire at his neck and see how casually
he glances up and is caught, wondrously tunneling
into that hot eye. Who cares that he fell back to the sea?
See him acclaiming the sun and come plunging down
while his sensible daddy goes straight into town.

5. Icarus (1989). Edward Field (1924-).

Only the feathers floating around the hat
Showed that anything more spectacular had occurred
Than the usual drowning. The police preferred to ignore
The confusing aspects of the case,
And the witnesses ran off to a gang war.
So the report filed and forgotten in the archives read simply
“Drowned,” but it was wrong: Icarus
Had swum away, coming at last to the city
Where he rented a house and tended the garden.

“That nice Mr. Hicks” the neighbors called,
Never dreaming that the gray, respectable suit
Concealed arms that had controlled huge wings
Nor that those sad, defeated eyes had once
Compelled the sun. And had he told them
They would have answered with a shocked,
uncomprehending stare.
No, he could not disturb their neat front yards;
Yet all his books insisted that this was a horrible mistake:
What was he doing aging in a suburb?
Can the genius of the hero fall
To the middling stature of the merely talented?

And nightly Icarus probes his wound
And daily in his workshop, curtains carefully drawn,
Constructs small wings and tries to fly
To the lighting fixture on the ceiling:
Fails every time and hates himself for trying.

He had thought himself a hero, had acted heroically,
And dreamt of his fall, the tragic fall of the hero;
But now rides commuter trains,
Serves on various committees,
And wishes he had drowned.

6. Waiting for Icarus (1973). Muriel Rukeyser (1913-1980).

He said he would be back and we'd drink wine together
He said that everything would be better than before
He said we were on the edge of a new relation
He said he would never again cringe before his father
He said that he was going to invent full-time
He said he loved me that going into me
He said was going into the world and the sky
He said all the buckles were very firm
He said the wax was the best wax
He said Wait for me here on the beach
He said Just don't cry

I remember the gulls and the waves
I remember the islands going dark on the sea
I remember the girls laughing
I remember they said he only wanted to get away from me
I remember mother saying: Inventors are like poets, a trashy lot
I remember she told me those who try out inventions are worse
I remember she added: Women who love such are the worst of all
I have been waiting all day, or perhaps longer.
I would have liked to try those wings myself.
It would have been better than this.

 

 祝大家情人节快乐！

 

我的爱，也祝你快乐！I LOVE YOU!