1.bleed v. 出血，流血；放血
常用搭配：
bleed for…
bleed sb（for sth）向某人勒索（钱财等）
bleed sb white 榨取某人所有的钱
bleed to death 流血过多而死
Doctors used to bleed people when they were ill.
从前医生常常给病人放血。
If you cut your finger, it will bleed.如果你割破手指，它就会流血。
The blackmailers bled him for every penny he had.
勒索者把他的钱榨得一干二净。
He was slowly bleeding to death.他正慢慢流血而死。
My heart bleeds for those poor unhappy children.
对那些不幸的穷孩子我心里感到很难过。
Our hearts bleed for you. 我们为你感到悲痛。
We’ll never forget those who bled for the revolution.
我们永远不会忘记为革命献身的人们。
* blood n. 血，血液
常用搭配：
bad blood（between A and B）仇恨，恶感
make sb’s blood run cold 使人感到惧怕和恐怖
new/fresh blood （团体、公司、俱乐部等的）新人
make sb’ s blood boil 使某人非常气愤
flesh and blood
There’s a lot of bad blood between those two families.
这两家人积怨很深。
This company is badly in need of new blood.这个公司急需新人。
The sight of the dead body made his blood run cold.
他看见尸体不禁毛骨悚然。
The way he treats his children makes my blood boil.
他那样对待他的孩子，我非常气愤。
It was more than flesh and blood could bear.这是血肉之躯无法忍受的。
* bloody adj. 血染的，出血的
bloodless adj. 不流血的，无伤亡的
*blood bank
血库
blood group
血型
blood transfusion
输血
blood pressure
血压
blood-red 血红的，鲜红的
2.honor
* n. 荣幸，荣誉
短语搭配：
do sb the honor （of doing sth）使某人有特殊的荣幸
have the honor（of sth）获得某种特殊的荣幸，有幸…
on one’s
honor
in honor of… 为向…表示敬意，为纪念…，为庆祝…
in sb’s /sth’s honor
We are planning a big Christmas party in your honor.
我们正筹备为你举行一次盛大的圣诞晚会。
A monument was built in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives during the war.为了纪念在战争中献身的英雄们，建立了一座纪念碑。
Will you do me the honor of dining with me? 可否赏光和我一起吃饭？
May I have the honor of this dance? 可以赏光和我跳个舞吗？
He was on his honor not to tell the secret.他用名誉担保决不泄密。
* v. 给某人以荣誉
短语搭配：
be honored
for… 因…而受到尊敬
be/feel honored that …很荣幸能做…
I am honored to be here with you.能和你在这里我感到很荣幸。
Dr Bethune was honored for his selfless work.
白求恩大夫由于他无私的工作而受到赞誉。
Today the President is honoring us with his presence.
今天总统的出席使我们十分荣幸。
I am honored that you should notice me.我很荣幸您能注意到我。
3. keep…in mind 记住，把…记在心里
I hope you will keep in mind what I am saying.
我希望你把我所说的话记在心里。
I’ll keep your suggestion in mind.我会记住你的建议的。
其他mind 短语搭配：
be out of one’s mind
发狂，发疯
bring/call …to mind 想起…
keep one’s mind on sth.
继续专心于…
take sb’s mind off sth .使…不再思考或担忧某事
make up one’s
mind作出决定
change one’s mind 改变决定或意见
to my mind依我看来
You must be out of your mind if you think I’m going to lend you
money.
如果你以为我会借给你钱，那么你一定是疯了。
I know her face but I can’t call her name to mind.
我认得她，但我想不起她的名字了。
Keep your mind on your job.专心做你的工作。
Hard work always takes your mind off domestic problems.
工作一劳累就使人不再想着家庭问题了。
I’ve made up my mind to be a doctor.我决心当医生。
Nothing will make me change my mind.任何事情都不能使我改变主意。
To my mind you are wrong.在我看来你错了。
4.persuade v. 说服，劝说
短语搭配：
persuade sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
persuade sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事
persuade sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
persuade sb. of sth. 使某人信服
persuade sb. that… 使某人信服
You try and persuade her to come out with us.
你去劝劝她和我们一起出去吧。
How can we persuade him into joining us?
怎么才能说服他参加我们的活动呢？
He persuaded his daughter to change her mind.
他说服了他的女儿改变了主意。
How can I persuade you that I am sincere?
怎样才能使你相信我是真心实意的？
We are persuaded of the justice of her case.
我们确信她对案件的审理是公正的。
They persuaded us out of going to the party.他们劝说我们不去参加聚会。
* persuasion n. 劝说，说服
persuasive adj. 有说服力的，善于游说的
* 对比：
advise sb. to do sth. =try to persuade sb. to do sh.
建议/劝说某人做某事（不一定说服）。
I advised him to apologize to his friend, but failed.
我劝他向他的朋友道歉，但他不听我的。
I tried to persuade him to go there alone, but he wouldn’t
listen.
我尽力劝说他一人去那里，但他不听我的。
5. lack
* v. 缺乏
短语搭配：
lack…缺少
He is not lacking in wisdom.他并不缺乏聪明才智。
They lacked for nothing.他们无所需求（应有尽有）。
They lacked the money to send him to university.他们没钱送他上大学。
* n. 缺乏，短缺
短语搭配：
for lack of…因缺乏…
The meeting ended because of lack of order.因为秩序混乱，会议终止了。
The project had to be abandoned for lack of funds.
工程因资金匮乏而只得放弃。
6.stay
系动词 “保持，维持某状态”，后面可接形容词或名词
They stayed friends for years.他们的友谊维持了多年。
The shop stays open until ten at night.这家商店一直营业到晚十点。
I stayed awake because of missing home last night.我昨晚想家没睡着觉。
*常见stay搭配：
stay in
呆在家里
stay away
from与…保持距离，远离…
stay up 熬夜，不睡觉
The doctor advised me to stay in for a few days.
医生建议我在家休息几天。
Won’t you stay for supper? 你吃了饭再走好吗？
I don’t like you staying out so late.我不喜欢你在外面呆到这么晚。
Tell him to stay away from my sister.叫他离我妹妹远一点。
She promised the children they could stay up for their favorite TV programme.她答应孩子们可以晚点睡，看他们最喜欢的电视节目。
7.含有fire的短语搭配：
catch
fire
control the fire
控制火势
be killed in a fire
在火中丧生
make a
fire
escape from a fire
从火中逃生
set …on fire
使…着火，纵火
go through water and fire 赴汤蹈火
The pair of papers caught fire. Someone must have set fire to it.=Someone must have set it on fire.这一叠文件着火了，肯定有人放火。
The house is on fire.房子着火了。
It’s very cold. Let’s make a fire to keep us warm.
天很冷，让我们生堆火暖和一下。
The firemen tried to control the fire.消防人员尽力控制火势。
Don’t play with fire.别玩火。
A big forest fire broke out last night.昨夜发生了一场森林火灾。
The fire had been put out before they arrived.
大火在他们到来之前就被扑灭了。
*fire-alarm
火警报警器
fire-break （森林中除掉树木以防止森林火蔓延的）放火带
fire-eater
表演吞火的人
fire-fighter消防人员（尤指护林的）
fireman
消防队员
fire-power火力
firewood木柴
8.cheer v. 喝彩，向某人欢呼；给某人安慰
The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen
appeared.女王出现时群众高声欢呼。
He was greatly cheered by the news.他知道这个消息很高兴。
短语搭配：
cheer up 使）高兴起来，（使）振作起来
cheer sb on 鼓舞或鼓励某人更加努力
You look as though you need cheering up.看来你需要振作起来。
Try and cheer up a bit; life isn’t that bad.
尽力高兴点儿，生活并不是那么糟。
Flowers always cheer a room up.房间里有一有花就满室生辉。
The crowd cheered the runners on as they started the last
lap.
赛跑进入最后一圈时，观众为运动员加油鼓劲。
* n. 欢呼声，喝彩声
Her performance drew cheers.她的演出赢得一片喝彩声。
9.aid
* v. 帮助
They encouraged and aided him in his scientific studies.
他们鼓励帮助他进行科学研究。
* n. 帮助，援助
短语搭配：
with the aid of
… 在…的帮助下
first
aid急救
With the aid of a neighbor, he managed to put out the
fire.
他在邻居的帮助下把火扑灭了。
He hurt his arm during the volleyball match, and some of us gave him first aid.他在排球赛中胳膊受伤了，我们几个人对他进行了急救。
She came quickly to his aid.她急忙来帮助他。
10.moment
短语搭配：
for a moment
一会儿，片刻
at the
moment
I have nothing to do for the moment.我暂时无事可做。
I had to think for a moment before I remembered his name.
我想了一会儿才记起他的名字。
You go first I’ll come in a moment.你先走我马上就来。
At the moment he was busy preparing his lessons.
那时，他正忙于准备功课。
He’s unemployed at the moment and has been for over six
months.
他目前失业已经半年多了。
11.on the contrary 与此相反，正相反
It doesn’t seem ugly to me; on the contrary, I think it’s rather
beautiful.我觉得它并不丑，恰恰相反，它挺美。
----Are you nearly through?
----On the contrary, I’ve only just begun.
你快干完了吗？恰恰相反，我才刚刚开始呢。
* to the contrary 意思相反的（地）
I know nothing to the contrary.我不知道任何相反的情况。
⑵Go ahead unless you are advised to the contrary.
如果没有相反的通知，你们就干起来好了。
12.proper adj. 适当的，正确的，恰当的
The reels of film were not in the proper order.
电影胶片卷盘的顺序错了。
He said something proper for the occasion.他说了一些适合时宜的话。
* properly adv. 适当地，恰当地
She will have to learn to behave properly.她要懂得检点些。
That is not, properly speaking, a dictionary, but a
grammar.
严格地说来那不是一本词典，而是一本语法书。
13.sudden
suddenly adv.
突然
sudden death （因胜负未决而延长比赛）加赛一分或一场以决胜负
Suddenly, everyone started shouting and singing.
突然间，大家都喊起来、唱起来了。
All of a sudden, the tyre burst.轮胎突然爆裂了。
14.live with
*和…住在一起
I don’t live with my parents.我没和父母住在一起。
*接受或忍受…
You’ll have to learn to live with it, I’m afraid.
我看，你得学会忍受这种现象。
You have to learn to live with stress.你得学会忍受压力。
*常与with搭配的动词有：
agree
with同意
meet with
遇见
begin with
以…开始
compare with
deal with
处理
15.so
用作替代词
*用来替代think, believe, hope, expect, imagine, guess,
suppose等后的宾语从句。
---Is she going to study abroad?
---I believe
so.
I hope you will succeed. She hopes so.我希望你会成功，她也希望你成功。
*替代动词notice, see, hear, say, tell,
understand等后的宾语从句，常置于句首。
There was only a chair in the classroom, so they noticed.
他们注意到教室里只有一张椅子。
It’s going to rain, so the broadcast says.广播说要下雨了。
*替代tell, say, seem, appear等后的从句，可置于句首或句末。
---Does the boy want to ride the bicycle in the street?
---It seems/appears so. (So it seems/appears.)
---那个男孩要在街上骑自行车吗？
---好象是的。
*替代seem, appear, be, become,
remain之后的名词、形容词及afraid之后的从句。
I could hardly believe it but it was so.
我几乎不能相信，但这确实是真的。
---Do you think she will come tomorrow?
---I’m afraid
so.
*还可以与if等从属连词搭配，构成无动词条件句。
Has she done the week’s washing? If so, I’ll ask her to see a
film
tonight.她本周的衣服洗完了吗？如果洗完了，我今晚请她看电影。
用作连词，表示目的或结果，so that结构中有时that可省略。
Check carefully so (that) any mistakes will be caught.
仔细检查以便找出错误。
He worked hard so（that） he might succeed.他努力工作以便有成就。
We hurried so (that) we didn’t miss the last bus.
我们加快脚步，因此没错过最后一班公共汽车。
It was so dark, so I couldn’t see what was happening.
天很黑，所以我当时看不见发生了什么事。
16.valuable adj. 贵重的，重要的，有用的
They gave us valuable practice in helping the eyes, brains and
muscles to work
together.在使眼睛、头脑和肌肉协同动作方面，他们给我们提供了宝贵的机会。
This tool is valuable for doing repairs.这工具对修理有用。
I’m sure my information is valuable.我确定我的消息有价值。
valuable
指任何值钱的、可以带来巨额利润的、受人珍视的东西。
priceless 意思是“无价的，贵重的”，尤其用来加强语气。
invaluable “无法估价的”，不用于谈金钱，而指品质。
precious 指用钱无法衡量的东西。
This ancient gold coin isn’t just valuable. It’s priceless.
这枚古金币不只是珍品，而且是无价之宝。
His advice has been invaluable to the success of the
project.
他的意见对这项工程的成功是无可估量的。
To me, our friendship is a very precious thing.
对我来说，我们之间的友谊是非常珍贵的。
17.双重疑问句的两种形式
(1)一般疑问句双重问句：
本结构属于一般疑问句，主句谓语动词常是ask, tell, know, realize,
make sure等，宾语从句由特殊疑问词引导。
Do you know why we can’t be allowed to smoke here?
你知道为什么不允许我们在这里吸烟吗？
Can you still remember when we visited the Great Wall?
你还记得我们什么时候去的长城吗？
Have you told him how we are going to the cinema?
你告诉他我们怎么去的电影院吗？
Do you realize how serious the problem is? 你意识到问题有多么严重吗？
(2)特殊疑问句双重问句：
本结构属于特殊疑问句，谓语动词常是think, hope, believe, suppose,
guess, say, consider,
imagine等，宾语从句没有引导词，主句为特殊疑问句，有些形容词也可用于本句型。
What do you think his explanation is? 你认为他的解释是什么？
Is it necessary, do you think, to translate the whole article?
你认为整篇文章都有必要翻译吗？
Which mouse did you say you picked out? 你说你选的哪种鼠标？
How long can you be sure they’ll be here? 你能肯定他们在这里待多久？
18.虚拟语气中的省略倒装句
if引起的非真实条件句中，若含有were,
should或had，在正式文体中可将if省略，把were, should
或had提前使主谓部分实现部分倒装，用来加强语气。
If he had taken my advice, he might have succeeded.
= Had he taken my advice, he might have succeeded.
他要是听我的建议就成功了。
If she should come tomorrow, I would tell her about it.
= Should she come tomorrow, I would tell her about it.
如果明天她来，我就把这件事告诉她。
If he were here now, I could ask him.
= Were he here now, I could ask
him.要是他现在在这里，我就问问他。
If I had been there before, I would not have been lost.
= Had I been there before, I would not have been lost.
要是我以前去过那里，我就不会迷路了。
19.alive, living, live, lively用作形容词
alive
表语形容词，意思是“活着的，在世的”，既可以修饰人，也可以修饰物。
They were alive and as happy as ever.他们都还活着，而且跟以前一样快乐。
The tiger is still alive.那只老虎仍然活着。
*alive作定语时应放在被修饰词的后面。
All the other comrades were killed in the battle. He was the only
man alive.所有的同志都阵亡了，他是唯一的幸存者。
*alive还可用作主语的补足语。
The fish were caught alive.这些鱼被活捉。
living 意思是“活着的，现存的”，既可作表语也可作定语。
Every living person has a name.每一个活着的人都有一个名字。
No man living could do better.当代无人可比。
Is Mrs. Smith still living? 史密斯太太还活着吗？
English is one of the living languages in the world.
英语是世界上现存的语种之一。
*the living 表示“活着的人”
The living are more important to us than the dead.
对我们来说活着的人比死人更重要。
live /laiv/ “活着的”，可作定语，一般不用来修饰人。
The cat was playing with a live mouse.那只猫在玩一只活老鼠。
*live还可表示“现场直播的”
It’ll be the biggest live concert the world has ever seen.
那将是全世界最大的一场直播音乐会。
lively “生动的，活泼的，充满生气的”，用作定语或表语。
The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games.
运动场上进行各种球类比赛，一派生机勃勃。
The boy has a lively mind.这男孩头脑灵活。
20. content
adj. 满意的，甘愿的 （表语形容词）
be content with sth./to do sth.
She was content to step down after four years as chief
executive.
她在担任了四年主管之后甘愿让位。
Are you content with your present salary? 你对于你现在的薪水满意吗？
*作定语时用contented
He left with a contented smile on his
face.他脸上带着满意的微笑离开了。
n. (书报等的内容、目录)；内容；含量
It is advisable to look at the contents page of a book before buying it.买书前最好先看看目录。
the content of silver in a ton of ore一吨矿砂中银的含量
The contents of the box fell onto the floor.
这个盒子里的东西掉到地上了。
vt. 使…满意或满足
He contented himself with one piece of cake.他吃了块蛋糕十分满足。
As there’s no butter we must content ourselves with dry
bread.
既然没有黄油，我们只好吃干面包了。
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