lynn的BLOG

*坚持
We managed to stand out against all attempts to close the company down.
我们竭力顶住了要关闭公司的一切作法。
They stood out until victory.他们坚持到胜利。

其他stand 短语：
stand by  袖手旁观，支持或援助某人，遵守    stand for 代表，象征
stand up for sb./sth 为某人/事说话，支持某人/事
stand over sb.监视某人          stand aside 站到一边去，让开，不参与

Stand aside to let him pass.站到一边去，让他过去。
Don’t stand aside and let others do all the work.

不要什么都不干，事情都让别人做。
I’ll stand by you whatever happens.无论发生什么事情，我都会支持你。
She still stands by every word she said.她仍然信守自己说过的每一句话。
How can you stand by and let him treat his dog like that?
他那样虐待他的狗，你怎能袖手旁观呢？
What does ‘T. G.’ stand for in ‘T.G. Smith’?

T.G. Smith中的T.G. 是哪两个字母的缩写？
I hate to have my boss standing over me.我不喜欢上司监督我。
You must stand up for your rights.你一定要维护自己的权利。

2.come into being出现，形成，产生
Modern English came into being from about the middle of the 16th century.
现代英语大约是从十六世纪的中叶开始形成的。

类似结构：
come into fashion 开始流行            come into existence 开始形成
come into force 开始生效              come into consideration 开始考虑
come into sight 看见                  come into use 开始使用

We were happy when the house came into sight because we had been walking for three hours.看到那所房子时，我们很高兴，因为我们已经走了三个小时了。
Long skirts have come into fashion again.长裙子又流行起来了。
When do the new safety rules come into force? 新的安全规则何时生效？
When did the world come into existence? 世界是什么时候产生的？
Electronic computers have come into wide use.电脑已广泛使用起来了。

3. contribute to…
*有助于，促成
Does smoking contribute to lung cancer? 吸烟会导致肺癌吗？
Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.

多吸新鲜空气有助于身体健康。

*出（钱、力、主意等），捐助，捐赠
The chairman encouraged everyone to contribute to the discussion.

主席鼓励大家参加讨论。
They contributed huge amounts of their own time to the project.
他们把自己的大量时间花在这个工程上。

*撰稿，投稿
She has contributed （several poems） to literary magazines.

她给文学刊物投了（几首诗）稿。

In general I write books, but sometimes I contribute to the newspaper.
一般情况下我写书，但有时候也给报社投稿。

*contribution  n. 捐助，投稿，稿件
contributory adj. 有贡献的，捐助的
contributor　n. 捐助者，投稿者

We should make greater contributions to the cause of socialism.
我们应当为社会主义事业做出更大的贡献。
Your stupidity was a contributory cause of the fire.

你的愚蠢是这次火灾的一个原因。
He is a regular contributor to our magazine.他是我们杂志的定期撰稿人。

4. distance n. 距离，远方
常用搭配：
in the distance 　在远处，在远方      at a distance 在一定距离的地方
at a distance of　在…远的地方
keep one’s distance （from sb./sth.）与某人/某物保持一定距离
keep sb. at a distance与某人保持一定距离，不愿与某人接近
go the distance　 （尤指运动）继续跑完全程

Nobody thought he’d last 15 rounds , but he went the full distance.
没有人认为他会坚持15个回合，然而他打满了全局。
I would keep my distance from that dog, if I were you.

我要是你，就离那条狗远一点。
The sound of the waterfall can be heard at a distance of two miles.
在两英里远的地方就能听到瀑布的声音。
We saw a light in the distance.我们看到远处有灯光。
The picture looks better at a distance.这副画远看更好一些。
It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.很难了解她，因为她总是跟每个人保持着一定的距离。

*distant adj. 遥远的，远隔的，远亲的
She is a distant cousin of mine.她是我的远方表妹。
Can you hear the distant sound of a bell?你能听到遥远的钟声吗？
He lives five miles distant from here.他住的地方离这里有五英里远。

5.in general 一般地，大体上
In general, people prefer a comedy to tragedy.

一般说来，人们喜欢喜剧而不是喜欢悲剧。
In general her work has been good, but this essay is dreadful.
总的说来，她的作品不错，不过这篇文章糟透了。

*generally adv. 通常，一般说来         generally speaking 一般来讲
as a general rule 在通常情况下，一般而言

I generally get up early.我平常起的很早。
Generally speaking, it’s quite a fair settlement.

大致上说，这样解决很恰当。
Generally, the weather in Britain is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.一般来讲，英国的天气冬天不会太冷，夏天不会太热。
As a general rule he goes to bed late.一般而言，他睡觉晚。

6. influence  n. 影响，作用
常用搭配：
influence on/upon/over…　对…有影响，对…有支配力
under the influence of…　在…的影响下

Literature and art have a great influence upon people’s ideology.
文艺对人们的思想有很大的影响。
He has a strange influence over the girl.他对这个女孩有一种奇妙的影响。
He is a bad influence on my daughter.他对我女儿有一个坏的影响。
He was charged with driving under the influence of alcohol.

他被控酒后驾车。

vt. 影响，感化
The labour enthusiasm of the workers strongly influenced us.
工人们的劳动热情强烈地感染了我们。
What influenced you to do it?是什么促使你去做那件事的。

*influential adj. 有影响的

7. own  v. 拥有，领有
The house is mine. I own it.这房子是我的，归我所有。
She owns a car but rarely drives it. 她有一辆车，但很少开。
Who owns this land?这块土地是谁的？

* pron. 属于自己的
常用搭配：
on one’s own 独自，靠自己        of one’s own 属于某人自己的
come into one’s own　获得应有的荣誉、承认、名声等
hold one’s own（against sb./sth）坚守立场；不被击败

She can certainly hold her own against anybody in an argument.
她在辩论中决不会输给任何人。
Children need toys of their own.儿童需要有自己的玩具。
She lives on her own.她独自过日子。
Although her father is in the firm she got the job on her own.
尽管她父亲在公司里，但她那份工作却是靠自己得到的。
She really comes into her own when someone is ill.

有人生病时才真正看出她的为人。
This car really comes into its own on rough ground.
这辆汽车在颠簸的路上才真正显示出它独特的性能。

8.consist of 由…构成，由…组成
The committee consists of ten members.委员会由十人组成。
The city of New York consists of five boroughs.纽约市有五个行政区。

* consist in 在于，存在于
The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.

这个计划的好处就在于简单易行。
The true wealth does not consist in what we have, but in what we are.
真正的财富不是财产，而是人格。
The beauty of the picture consists in its balance of colors.

这副画的美在于其色彩的调和。

*consist with 与…并存，一致
Theory should consist with practice.理论应与实践相一致。

9. remain vi. 留下，逗留
link-v. 仍然是，保持是
常用搭配：
remain + 名词/形容词/分词/介词短语
remain + to be +形容词/名词短语
sth remains to be done　 某事有待于去做

I remain in London until May.我在伦敦一直呆到五月。
When others had gone, he remained and helped the host wash dishes.
别人都走了，他留下来帮助主人洗碗。
He remained silent. 他保持着沉默。
She remained sitting there.她仍然坐在那里。
The natural beauty of the country remained unchanged.

那个国家的天然美景仍然不变。
In spite of their quarrel, they remained the best friends.
他们尽管吵过架，却仍不失为最好的朋友。
It remains to be seen whether you are right.你是否正确，以后可见分晓。
Much remains to be done.要做的事还很多。
His brother became a teacher while he remained a peasant.
他的哥哥成了教师而他还是农民。
We shall remain in touch with him.我们将与他保持联系。

10.deal with 处置，处理；与…打交道，对付；论述；与…做买卖
There were so many difficulties for them to deal with.

他们有那么多的困难要处理。
I’ll deal with decimals in the next lesson.下一堂课我要讲小数。
I intend to deal with contemporary writers in a separate article.
我打算在另一篇文章里论述当代作家。
How would you deal with an armed burglar?

你怎样对付闯进来的持有武器的强盗？
The businessman is very honest, so you can deal safely with him.
那个商人很诚实，你可以放心地去和他做生意。
He is hard to deal with.很难和他相处。

* deal in …经营…
My bank deals in stocks and shares now.我们银行现在经营债务与股票。
We deal in hardware but not software.我们只经营硬件不经营软件。

*辨析：表示“如何处理时”，deal with常和how搭配使用，而do with常和what搭配使用。
They didn’t know how to deal with the old machine.

他们不知如何处理这台旧机器。
I don’t know what to do with the old bicycle.

我不知道如何处理这辆旧自行车。

11.play with 玩耍，与…一起玩，玩弄，轻率对待某事物
The boy is playing with a toy.这个小男孩在玩玩具。
What comedians have in common with the players in a comedy is their way of playing with words.

滑稽演员与喜剧中的表演者的共同之处就是他们玩弄辞藻的方式。
He who plays with fire gets burned.玩火者自焚。
He is playing with his friends.他正在和他的朋友玩。
She is playing with the idea of starting her own business.

她胡乱想着自己开业的事。
Can you come and play with us?你能来和我们一起玩吗？

* play 表示“打球”，“与…比赛”，“扮演”，“演奏”，用作及物动词
Can you play the violin? 你会拉小提琴吗？
They are playing ‘Carmen’ at the Coliseum.他们在伦敦的大剧场上演《卡门》。
Have you played her at tennis yet? 你同她比赛过网球了吗？
We often play football after school.我们经常在放学后踢足球。

12.pay attention to 注意 （其中to是介词）
You should pay more attention to your reading and writing.

你应更加注意你的读和写。
Please pay attention to what he is saying.请注意他在说些什么。

常见的attention搭配：
with attention专心地 

attract /draw sb.’s attention （to…）引起某人的注意
devote one’s attention to…专心于     give one’s attention to…注意
catch sb’s attention 引起某人的注意   stand at attention立正

You must give your full attention to what you are doing.

你必须全神贯注地做你所做的事。
I keep trying to attract the waiter’s attention.我不断示意招呼服务员。
A newspaper headline caught his attention.报纸的大字标题引起了他的注意。
She drew my attention to an error in the report.

她要我注意报告中的一处错误。
He listened with attention.他专心地听。

13. require  vt. 要求
常用于以下搭配：
require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事
require that sb. （should） do sth. 要求某人做某事

I am required immediately to report to the headquarters.

要我立即向司令部报到。
They require that I （should）go at once.他们要求我立刻去。

* 需要（相当于need）
require doing
=require to be done　需要…

These young seedlings will require looking after carefully.

这些幼苗需要细心照料。
=These young seedlings will require to be looked after carefully.

⑵This bicycle requires repairing.
=This bicycle requires to be repaired.这辆自行车需要修理。

*requirement n. 需要，要求

14.call up
* 打电话
I’ll call you up at about eight o’clock.我八点钟左右给你打电话。
On reaching the city, I called up the office.

一到那个城市我就给办公室打电话。

* 唤起，使回忆起
The picture called up the story of Tom Sawyer.

那副画使人想起汤姆"索亚的故事。
The song calls up memories of my childhood.这首歌唤起我对童年的回忆。

*征召（服役）
He was called up in 1917.他1917年应征入伍。

*其他动词和副词up的搭配：
tidy up收拾干净               tie up 绑好，捆好
nail up用钉子钉起来           clear up （天气）放晴，整洁，清理
add up 加起来                 fasten up  固定好
save up 贮存

15.form
*n. 形式,形态,表格
常用搭配：
in the form of… 以…的形式           fill in a form 填表格
take the form of 采取…的形式         be in good form　竞技状态良好

They took the form of armed struggle.他们采取了武装斗争的形式。
Their diet contains a lot of fat in the form of potato crisps, potato chips, butter, cream and chocolate.他们的食物有炸土豆片，炸土豆条，黄油，奶酪和巧克力，这些都含有大量的脂肪。
He filled in the form in ink.他用钢笔填表格。
After six months’ training, the whole team is in good form.

全队经过六个月的训练竞技状态好。

* v. 形成，建立
短语搭配：
form the habit of doing sth 养成做某事的习惯

The labour leader was asked to form a government.要求工党领袖组织政府。
His research formed the basis of his new book.

他的研究成果是他这本新书的基础。
We have formed the habit of getting up early.我们已养成了早起的好习惯。

16.judge
*n. 法官，裁判员，鉴赏家，鉴定家
The judge found him guilty and sentenced him to five years.

法官判决他有罪，入狱五年。
The case came before Judge Cooper last week.该案上周呈交库珀法官审理。
The judges’ decision is final.裁判的决定即是最终决定。
He is a good judge of wine.他是一个鉴别酒的行家。

*v. 判定，判断，审判，审理
短语搭配：
judge sb.（to be）判断某人       judging from/by…　从…判断起来

As far as I can judge, they are all to blame.拒我判断，他们都有责任。
Judging from the previous experience, he will be late.

根据以往的经验来看，他得迟到。
I judge him （to be） a skilled worker.我判定他是一个熟练工人。
Judging from/by his accent, he must be from the South.

从他的口音判断，他来自南方。

17.run over 溢出
The water is running over.水在溢出。
The river is running over its banks and we shall be flooded.
河水正在漫过河岸，我们就要受淹了。

*（车辆等）辗过
She was run over yesterday when she was crossing the street.
昨天她在过马路的时候被车辗过了。
He ran over a cat last night.他昨天晚上开车轧着了一只猫。
Two children were run over by a lorry and killed.

有两个孩子被一辆卡车轧死了。

* 快速阅读某物，温习或演习某事物
I always run over my lines before going on stage.

我登台演出前总要温习一下台词。
I ran over my notes before giving the lecture.

我讲课前把讲稿匆匆看了一遍。

18. save sb.from sth./doing sth. 挽救某人，使某人免于…
I saved the boy from drowning.我救了那个溺水的小男孩。
A police officer saved the tourist from being cheated.

一位警官使游客免于受骗。

相似结构：
prevent …from…阻止…             keep…from…阻止…
stop…from…阻止…                 protect…from… 保护…，使某人免受…

What prevented him from going? 什么事阻止了他去。
No one can stop us from taking the socialist road.

没人能阻止我们走社会主义道路。
Please keep the children from swimming in the sea.请别让孩子到海里游泳。
He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow.

他抬起胳膊挡住向他脸部打来的一拳。

其他save短语搭配：
save one’s life挽救某人的生命     save one’s breath不必白费口舌
save（sb.’s）face 保全面子        save the situation挽回局势，度过难关

You can save your breath. You’ll never persuade her.

别白费口舌了，你决说服不了她。
Though she’d lost her job, she saved face by saying she’d left it willingly.尽管她失去了工作，但她却说是自愿离职以保全面子。
Disagreements threatened to wreck the peace talks, but the president’s intervention saved the situation.

讲和谈判因意见分歧险些失败，而会长从中周旋方转危为安。
The doctor worked through the night to save the life of the injured man.
医生彻夜工作以拯救伤者的性命。

19. pay attention to
Pay attention to what I am saying.注意听我的讲话。

pay back 偿付，报答                    pay a visit to…参观、访问…
pay sb.a visit  拜访某人               pay off  还清
pay for 付出代价，受到惩罚

How can I pay you back for all your kindness?

你的这番好意我该如何报答呢？
Have you paid me back the money you owe me yet?你向我借的钱还给我了吗？
I’ll pay you a visit next week.我将于下周去拜访你。
The reactionaries will have to pay for what they have done.
反动派必将因他们的所作所为而受到惩处。

20.hold together 团结一致，连在一起，保持完整
The car’s bodywork scarcely holds together.这汽车的车身简直要散架了。
The country needs a leader who will hold the nation together.
该国需要一个能使全国团结的领袖。
The Tory party always holds together in times of crisis.
保守党在在紧要关头总是能团结一致。

其他hold短语搭配：
hold on to sth 保留某物，抓住某物         hold up 阻碍或延误…；抬高
hold on 坚持住                            hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
hold oneself in 压住（怒火等）            hold a meeting举行会议

Road-works on the motorway are holding up traffic.

高速公路上的道路施工影响了交通。
Our flight was held up by fog.我们的班机因大雾而停航。
They managed to hold on until help arrived.他们设法坚持直到有救援来到。
Hold your head up.把头抬起来。
Hold your breath and keep still.屏住呼吸，不要动。
He held on to a branch until we came to his rescue.

他抓住一根树枝，直到我们把他救下来。
He couldn’t hold himself in.他克制不住自己的感情。
We held a meeting to discuss the plan.我们开了会来讨论这个计划。