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德蒙`斯宾塞(Edmund Spenser)
代表作:
1.《仙后》(Faerie
Queen)当时最伟大的诗歌之一(Spenser's masterpiece us The Faerie
Queen, a Great poem of its age.)
2.《牧养人日记》(The Sherpherdes Calender)(He left Cambridge
in 1576 and went to the north of England, where
he fell in love and recorded his laments over the loss of Rosalind
in The Sherpherdes Calender.)
创作意图:通过“历史诗”描画出一个典型的完美绅士:“塑造遵守道德规范(virtous
and gentle discipline)的绅士或贵族。”(His principal intention is
to present through a "historical poem" the example of a perfect
gentlemen:"to fashion a gentleman or noble in virtous and gentle
discipline.)
框
架:1. 他提出“绅士应遵循的十二条道德清规(virtues),并将全诗设计成十二卷本,每一卷都有一位不同的主人公,以遵守其中一条道德清规(virtues)而著名。(He
speaks of 12 virtues of the private gentleman, and plans 12 books,
each one with a different hero distinguished for one of the private
virtues.)
象征意义:这部诗也是一篇寓言(allegory),第一卷中红十字骑士(Red-crosse
Knight )象征着(1)现实中的圣`乔治,一位英格兰护教圣徒(patron
saint);(2)这个红十字骑士还代表了神圣的美德(Holiness),即12美德之一,这也正象高阳爵士在第二卷中象征自我节制美德(Temperance);(3)红十字骑士象征着英国国教圣公会(the
Anglican Church),他是象征着真理的圣女巫娜(Virgin Una)的保护者。(It
is a allegory.1.The Red-crosse Knight
in BookI stands for St. George,the patron saint of
England;2.He also represents
Holiness, one of the 12 private virtues, as Sir Gauyon in BookII
represents Temperance.3.The knight,
symbolizing the Anglican Church, is the protector of the Virgin Una
who stands for truth or the true religon.)
内
容: 第一卷很大程度上是全诗的纲领缩影(epitome),红十字骑士的历险目的是从恶魔手中解救人类的始祖——巫娜(Una)的父母。(BookI
of the Faerie Queene is in a way an epitome of the whole poem. The
purpose Redcrosse's quest is to free original mankind——the
parents of Una——from the power of Devil.)
主
题: 并非“男人与武器”,而是更富浪漫色彩的“残酷与忠贞”爱情。(The
theme is not "Arms and the Man", but something more
romantic——"Fierce warres and Faith loves".)
人物:阿齐梅戈Archimago
杜艾莎Duessa a evil woman
精神傲慢者 奥尔高戈里奥Orgoglio the spiritual pride
斯宾塞诗歌的五大特点:(the
five main qualities of Spenser's poetry)
1.完美的韵律(a perfect melody)
2.罕见的美感(a rare sense of beauty)
3.奇妙的想象(a splendid imagination)
4.崇高的道德纯洁性与严肃性(a lofty moral purity and
seriousness)
5.一种献身的理想主义(a dedicated idealism)
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