1. set up；set out；set off；set about
(1) set up 建立政权、组织、国家等
The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse．
政府已成立工作组调查毒品泛滥问题。
(2) set out 出发；动身
They set out for Beijing yesterday．他们昨天动身去北京。（此种情况下out可用off替换）。
(3) set out to do sth．开始做某事。
She set out to break the world land speed record．她决心打破陆上速度的世界纪录。
(4) set off使（地雷、炸弹）等爆炸
Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off．
要格外小心这些烟火，稍有火星就会引起爆炸。
(5) set sb．off doing sth. 使某人开始干某事
Her imitations always set us off laughing．她模仿别人的动作，每次都把我们逗笑。
(6) set about用于set about sth. ／doing sth. 结构中，表示开始做某事，着手干某事
The new government must set about finding solutions to the country's economic problems．
新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。
2.
先试为快：
（1）Miss Wang ＿＿＿ a handkerchief and blew her nose．
（2）Mr. Zhang ＿＿＿ some of his pictures in the hope of getting a job there．
（3）Since 1996, great changes ＿＿＿ in our school．
（4）My grandmother was ill．I must stay at home to ＿＿＿ her．
3. think of／think about／think over
这三个词组都与“想”有关，但所表达的含义有所不同。
(1) think of多用来指“想起，认为”
What do you think of that book？你认为那本书怎么样？
(2) think about 多用来指“考虑某事情或对某事进行思考”
Think about what you have done！想想你所做的这一切吧！
(3) think over意思是“仔细考虑，认真思考”
Before you answer this question，please think it over．在回答这个问题前，请认真考虑一下。
4. prepare；prepare for；prepare…for；be prepared for；be（get）ready
(1) prepare sth. 意为“准备某事”强调准备的过程或动作，宾语必须是这一动作的直接承受者；
(2) prepare for 意为“为……作准备”，for后面的宾语是准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。
(3) prepare sth. for 意为“为……做好准备”。
(3) be prepared for 强调准备好的状态。
(4) be（get）ready 意为“准备好”，着重指准备的结果。
(5) be（get）ready to do 还有“乐于干……”的意思。
小试牛刀：
（1）We ＿＿＿＿ the mid-term examination．
（2）Wheat can be ＿＿＿＿ in many different ways．
（3）The students ＿＿＿＿ their lessons ＿＿＿＿ the exam．
（4）Can you ＿＿＿＿ your future job？
（5）He ＿＿＿＿ always ＿＿＿＿ to help others．
（6）Miss Li said，“Everyone should ＿＿＿＿ before class．”
（7）Mother ＿＿＿＿ lunch in the kitchen．
5. persuade sb.to do sth.；advise sb. to do sth.；try to persuade sb. to do sth．
(1) persuade sb. to do sth. 意为“说服某人干某事”，其结果是成功的（即成功地说服某人干某事）
Tom persuaded his father to give up smoking at last．汤姆终于说服他父亲戒烟了。
(2 ) advise sb. to do sth. 意为“劝说某人干某事”，其结果可能是劳而无功（即“说”而未“服”）。
She advised her parents to give up smoking, but they wouldn’t listen． 她劝她的父母戒烟，但他们不愿听。
(3) try to persuade sb. to do sth．意为“尽力说服某人干某事”，相当于advise sb. to do sth
I tried to persuade him to continue his study, but I failed． 我尽力劝他继续学习，但没有成功。
6. knock…into；knock into；knock down；knock at／on
(1) knock…into…意为“把……插／撞／敲／打入……中”。
Then they knocked a stick into the earth． 然后他们把木棒插入泥土中。
(2) knock into意为“撞在……上”。into是介词，只能位于其宾语前。
Look out！Don’t knock into others． 小心！别撞到别人身上。
(3) knock down意为“撞倒、打倒”。down为副词，宾语是名词时，down可位于名词前或后，宾语是人称代词时，down必须位于宾语后。
The car knocked the house down（＝knocked down the house）．小汽车把房子给撞倒了。
Be careful with the little trees．Don’t knock them down． 注意小树，不要把它们撞倒了。
(4) knock at／on意为轻轻而有节奏地“敲”。它常用来表示“敲门／窗”等。
Who is knocking at the door﹖
Knock on the window pane; they may be in．
7. have sb. do sth.；have sb.／sth. doing sth．；have sth. done
(1) have sb. do sth．为“使（让、请）某人做某事”之意，其中作宾补的不带to的不定式只表示发生过某事。
The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father． 士兵们让男孩背对着父亲站着。
(2) have sb.／sth. doing sth．为“让某人（某事）一直做某事”之意，其中作宾补的现在分词表示保持或一直存在的状态。
Although the farm is large，my dad has only two men working for him．虽然农场大，但我爸爸只雇了两人为他（一直）干活。
(3) have sth. done 有两层含义和用法：
① 让他人为自己做某事。
I’ll have a new suit made of this cloth． 我要用这种布料做一套新衣服。
② 某人（或某物）遭受不幸。
He had his handbag stolen． 他的手提包被人偷了。
8. hand down；hand in；hand over；hand out ； by hand ；hands up
(1) hand down “把……传下来”
The story was handed down from one generation to another．这个故事世代相传。
(2) hand in “把……交上来” 、“交给”、“递交”
Time is up．Hand in your examination papers．时间到了，请把试卷交上来。
(3) hand over “转交”或“移送”
The thief was handed over to the police．小偷已被移送到公安机关了。
(4) hand out “散发”
When I got to the classroom the teacher had already begun handing out the test papers.
我赶到教室时，老师已开始分发试卷了。
(5) hands up表示“举起手来”
(6) by hand表示“用手”、“手工”，是介词短语，作方式状语
小试牛刀：
（1）This toy was
made
（2）After class， you
must
（3）If you have any questions to ask，please
10. go on to do sth；go on doing sth.；go on with sth.
这三个短语都有继续做某事的意思，但在含义上有所不同。
(1) go on to do sth. 表示“接着做另一件事”，即接下去做与原来不同的一件事；
(2) go on doing sth…表示“继续不停地做某事或间断后继续做原来没有做完的事”；
(3) go on with sth. 表示“间断后继续做原来没有做完的事”，其后一般接代词作宾语。通常情况下，go on doing sth．和go on with sth．可互换。
试比较：
After they had read the text，the students went on to do the exercises．
读完课文后，学生们继续做练习。
The students went on talking and laughing all the way． 一路上学生们一直有说有笑。
After a rest，we went on with our lesson（＝After a rest，we went on having our lesson．）．
休息以后，我们继续上课。
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