加载中…Be seen as instrumental in doing sth 被认为对于做某事有极大的作用，起到了推波助澜的作用
The lack of supervision is （seen as ）instrumental in producing corruption at all levels of the society.
缺乏监督对这个社会各个阶层的腐败有推波助澜的作用
Damage, injure, hurt,
Damage《ruin 对物体造成的伤害，损害。
车在碰撞中损伤很大The car was badly damaged in the collision
台风对房屋造成的损害the houses were seriously damaged by the typhoon.
Injure物体或是事件对人造成的伤害，
枪击事件杀死了32人，还有更多人受伤。The
shooting killed 32 and badly injured some
others.
=The shooting left thirty two dead and some others badly injured.
********************************************************************************************Pollute the environment 污染环境
Injure the people 伤害人
Damage the properties 对物体造成损伤
爆竹损坏财物，污染环境，最糟糕的是还对人造成伤害
=Firecrackers do/cause damage to our property, pollution to the environment and, worst of all, injury to people. But they add to the happy atmosphere.但是能够增加欢乐的氛围
我们将尽力使大家度过一个快乐，轻松，难忘的夜晚
We will try our best to make tonight joyful, relaxing and memorable
我们将尽力使大家在北京过的快乐
We will try our best to make your stay in Beijing happy.
Hurt指对人/感情造成伤害。
did I hurt you?我弄伤了你了么？
Keep away from that playboy, you will only get hurt离那个花花公子原点，你只会受伤
my heart hurts，because she rejected my proposal.
注意：hurt主，被动语态都是人作主语。
我爹了一跤，受伤很重I was badly hurt (in the fall)=I hurt myself badly (in the fall).
Key 钥匙
The key to the door. =The key to the lock
成功的关键the key to success,
问题的答案 the key to the question.
Key很重要的，很关键的
一些诸如地铁和西湖休闲博览会这样的重大项目
Some key/major/important projects like the subway system and the leisure expo.
有利健康的食品对身体有好处，垃圾食品贻害无穷
Wholesome food is key/important to health while junk food does endless harm.
Healthy food健康食品
Green food =organic food绿色食品
key/major/important都可以做定语，major不能做表语
String
拉关系Pull strings with sb.
和医生拉关系pull strings with the doctor.
和政府打交道pull strings with the officials.（grease the palms of the officials贿赂）
Pull strings with sb为了搞好关系,主动去做。
Deal with随语境获得意思，字面上没有讨好的意思。“打交道””应付，处理”
每天都要处理一对小事情，如电子邮件，开会等等
I have to deal with a lot of trifles everyday, like the emails, the meetings and so on.
在中国做生意需要和政府官员打好关系，有时需要贿赂他们
if you wanna do business in china, you have to deal with/pull strings with government officials. In some cases(在某些情况下), you have to grease their palms.
Shock震惊，突如其来的强烈的情感上的冲击。
秦始皇不是自己的儿子，面对这个事实，他很震惊he was greatly shocked at the fact that emperor qingshihuang was not his son.
古巴导弹危机时，美国民众得知情况，整个美国哗然。
The whole nation was shocked.
The news rocked the US government.
The scandal rocked the whole city and became headline news/ Front page news.
Rock +
地区/时间
The scandal rocked the whole 1990’s 这个丑闻风行整个90年代
Shock 震撼=blow
这个分数是一个巨大打击，他辍学了
今天噩耗传来，举国震惊this day has brought terrible news and great shock/blow to our country.
今天喜讯传来，举国欢庆today has brought good news and happiness to our country.
Allow sb to do sth =Permit sb to do sth后者更加正式
办公大楼，餐厅、火车上有专门的吸烟区， there are smocking sections in office buildings , restaurants, and hotels.
Smoking is not allowed in office and public facilities 在公开场所和办公场所不允许吸烟
Allow sth 允许某物 permit sth
Pets are not allowed in the theatre. 剧院里不能带入宠物
we don’t permit dogs in the building不准将狗带入楼内。
主要景点是不允许沿街乞讨
we don’t allow panhandling in some major scenic places.
=panhandling is not allowed in some scenic places.
Touch—〉 He has left the food untouched.
Touching 感人的 a very touching story 一个感人的故事
Touched à
别碰， don’t touch it 中性：提醒或警告
keep your hands off it.通常是警告
keep your hands off me. 把你的手拿开
卫生清洁工人的工作脏累，报酬又低，但却会涉及到千家万户的生活
Their job is dirty and less paid, but it touches the life of every family.
=it has an influence on the life of every family.
Have an influence on sth 对—有影响力
Have a positive influence on sth 有好的影响力
Have a negative influence on sth 有不好的影响力
居民区的一些基本服务，如垃圾清理，报纸和牛奶递送，日常生活便利信息涉及到很多人的生活
Some basic services in the residential districts like rubbish-collection, newspaper and milk-delivery, daily-life convenience information provision touch the life of a lot of families.
The
text
It is called a ----
不要兜圈子了，直说吧stop beating about the bush， get to the point
let’s call a spade a spade实话实说，不要混淆
It was made in Germany. 德国制造
Produce/make/manufacture生产
1，基本共通
2，某些固定表达只能用produce，批量生产mass-produce
We mass produce a lot of goods. 批量生产很多产品
We make goods in large quantities 大量生产
3，manufacture开始表手工制作—〉=produce
我们生产手机we produce /manufacture/make mobile-phones,
我们生产鞋类商品we produce/manufacture footwear goods.
4, manufacturing制造业。I am in the manufacturing business/industry.我从事制造业
Bulk manufacturing大规模生产，是现象。
中国经济依赖大规模生产，大部分产品都是批量生产出来的。这样的生产方式需要大量的原料和能源。China’s economy depends on bulk manufacturing/mass production.
This way of production needs/consumes a lot of materials and energy.
个性化服务. Tailor-made goods/services.个性化产品/服务
I need some personal services. 我要个性化服务
被动语态be +done
Tell sb to do sthàsb is told to do
make sb do sthà sb is made to do
I am made to get up at six almost everyday.
注意：使役动词原先省略的不定式重新体现；
但是see, notice 等中省略的to在被动与台中不需要出现。
be made of /be made from
前者经过物理变化：窗户由玻璃制作 the window is made of
glass.
纸由木头制作The paper is made from
wood.
be kept in the living room.
Keep保存，存放。普通词汇
preserve表示保存，有明确的目的，为了达到不损毁的状态。
用盐来保存鱼肉，使其不坏preserve fish or pork in salt.
如用糖来保存红枣preserve Chinese dates in sugar.
sugar-preserved Chinese dates/fruits蜜枣/蜜饯。
Salt-preserved pork咸猪肉。
酱鸭soy-preserved ducks
********************************************************************************************不用找零了:just keep it.
Can I keep it. =Keep it a secret 能不能保密
不过我给你留意的：Anyway, I will keep an ear open for you.
你当心那个小孩you keep an eye on him
It has belonged to the family for a long time
Belong to sb 属于某人。不能有被动语态
天生我才必有用”everyone belongs.
终点站到了，清代请随身携带的物品,从后门下车。
We are arriving at the terminal station. Take your belongings and get off at the rear door
不动产Property
One
One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来
do sb a good turn =help sb =do sb a favor
Behavior 行为，举止
Good behavior 好的行为
Polite behavior 举止礼貌
Good manners举止得体
It is good manners not to speak loud or spit in public在公开场合不大声喧哗，在公开场合不随地吐痰，都是得体的举止
Make a left/right turn向左/右拐
turn out (to be)最终证明是
I turned out (to be ) the teacher. 我最后证明是一个老师
The meeting turned out to be very fruitful最后证明会议卓有成效
My visit turned out to be very rewarding 最后证明我的访问非常有成果
最后显示他很有钱he turned (to be) very rich
最后证明他是一个富翁he turned out (to be) a biggie=
=he proved to be very rich,=he proved to be a biggie
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