标签:
高考交际用语杂谈 |
分类: 英语 |
I think you ought to…我想你应该…
If I were you, I’d…如果我是你,我会…
It might be a good idea if you…如果你…这倒是个好主意。
Have you ever thought of…? 你是否想过要…?
I recommend that…我建议…
I strongly advise you to…我极力主张你…
You really ought to…你的确应该…
Personally, I think you’d better…依我看,你最好…
Why not do…? 为什么不…?
Why don’t you do…? 你为什么不…?
I suggest that…我建议…
What about doing…? …怎么样?
How about doing…? …怎么样?
Shall we…? 我们去…好吗?
Let’s…, shall we? 让我们去…好吗?
You need (to)…你需要…
如:
①---- The park isn't far from here. Shall we walk there?
公园离这里不远,我们走着去好吗?
----OK.
好吧。
②---- You must remember the saying: Whatever you do, do it well.
你必须记住这句话:无论你做什么都要把它做好。
----Thank you for your advice.
谢谢你的忠告。
③---- You'd better open the windows. It's hot in the room.
你最好打开窗户,房间里热。
-----All right.
好吧。
21.禁止和警告
You can’t…你不能…
You mustn’t…你不能…
You’d better not…你最好不…
Don’t…不要…
Take care! 当心!
Be careful! 当心!
Look out! 当心!
If you…, you will…如果你…,你将…
You are not allowed to…不允许你…
如:
①---- You mustn't play on the road. It's dangerous.
你不能在马路上玩,这很危险。
---- No, I won't.
我不会在马路上玩的。
②---- You are not allowed to park here.
不允许你在这里停车。
----Oh, I'm sorry.
哦,对不起。
③----Look out! You could fall off the ladder.
当心!你会从梯子上掉下去的。
----Oh, thank you.
哦,谢谢你。
22.许诺
I promise…我答应…
You shall …你将得到…
I will give …to you.我会把…给你。
如:
----When shall I have a new toy, Mum?
妈妈,我什么时候才能有个新玩具?
-----You shall have it on your birthday next Wednesday.
下周三你过生日时会有一个的。
23.惊奇
Really? 真的?(常用在听到高兴或忧伤的消息时以表示惊异的神情)
Oh dear! 哎呀!/天哪!
Is that so? 是那样吗?
Good heavens! 天哪!
How astonishing! 真惊人!
How extraordinary! 真不寻常!
I can’t believe it! 我简直不敢相信!
I can’t believe my eyes! 我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛!
It can’t be! 这不可能!
My goodness! 天哪!
Oh, that’s incredible! 啊,简直不可思议!
What a surprise! 真是出人意料!
What? 你说什么?
Are you serious? 当真,你不是在开玩笑吧?
如:
①----I lost my new bike last week.
我上周丢了我的新自行车。
----Really?
真的吗?
②----He is ill again, and he has been ill for two weeks.
他又生病了,而且已病了两个星期了。
----Is that so? I’m sorry to hear that.
是吗?听到这个消息我很难过。
③----Jimmy has won the first prize.
吉米获得了一等奖。
----Really? I can’t believe it.
真的吗?我简直不敢相信。
◆ 在口语中常把There 或Here放在句首,以加强语气,表示说话人的惊讶或感叹,常译成“你瞧”,“哎呀”。
如:
①Good heavens! There you are!
天哪!你终于回来了。
②Oh, my God! Here we are!
嗳,上帝呀!我们终于到了。
◆ There可单独用作感叹句,以引起注意,表示安慰,加强语气等。
如:
①There! The work is done.
瞧!事情干完了。
②There now! What did I tell you?
你看!我怎么跟你说来着?
③There, there, never mind!
好啦,好啦,不要紧的!(表示安慰)
④There now! You see I was right.
哎,你瞧,我刚才是对的吧。(引起注意)
24.焦虑
What’s wrong? 怎么啦?
What’s the matter with…? …怎么啦?
Is there anything the matter? 有什么问题吗?
Oh, what shall I do now? 哦,我现在该怎么办?
What’s the problem with? …怎么啦?
What’s the trouble with…? …怎么了?
如:
①----What’s wrong?
怎么啦?
----Oh, nothing much.
哦,没什么。
②----What’s the matter with your computer?
你的电脑怎么了?
----It doesn’t work.
它不工作了。
③----What’s wrong with your eyes?
你的眼睛怎么了?
----I can’t see anything clearly.
我看不清东西。
④----What’s the trouble with the TV?
这台电视怎么了?
----It has no pictures and no colour.
它即没有图像也没有颜色。
㈡ 交际用语中易混淆的用法比较:
⒈ Nice to meet you. 和Nice meeting you.
这两个句子的意思相同,但Nice to meet you.可以用于见面时也可以用于分手时,用于见面其句型省略了“it is”,用于分手时其句型省略了“it was”。而Nice meeting you.则用于分手时,等于It was nice meeting you.见面时的客气用语还有:
①I’m very glad to meet you. 见到你我很高兴。
②Glad to meet you. 见到你我很高兴。
③It’s a (great) pleasure to meet you. 见到你我很高兴。
④Pleased to meet you. 见到你我很高兴。
在分手时常说:
①It was nice meeting you. 遇见你太好了。
②Nice to have meet you. 认识了你很高兴。
⒉ 助动词do加强语气及转达问候的表达方式:
do可用于祈使句和肯定的陈述句中,置于动词原形前以加强语气。如果句子动词是过去时用did + 动词原形,如果是一般现在时用do + 动词原形,第三人称单数用does + 动词原形。读时须重读,翻译时应将其强调的意思表达出来。
如:
①Do give her my regards.
请一定代我向她问好。
②Do let me know when you meet with difficulty.
遇到难处一定要告诉我。
③I did be homesick when I was abroad.
我在国外时可真想家呀。
④He does work hard at school.
他在学校学习的确很努力。
◆ do作实义动词,可以表示生活学习等方面的情况。
如:
①He is doing quite well at school.
他在学校学习情况不错。
②I did well in English but badly in maths.
我英语学得很好,但数学学得很糟。
③How did you do in the examination?
你考得怎么样?
◆ do还可表示符合某种需要,可译成“行”,“合适”,“够了”等。
如:
This place will do for a workshop.
这地方作车间合适。
①---Will Tuesday do?
星期二行吗?
----Sure.
行。
②I don’t think these shoes will do for mountain-climbing.
我认为这种鞋不适合于爬山。
⒊ What can I do for you? , Can I help you? 和Is there anything I can do for you?
What can I do for you? = Can I help you? = Is there anything I can do for you?
这三句话可用于许多不同的情景中,其中文意思要根据上下文及所用于的情景来理解。
如:
①----What can I do for you?
您要什么?
----I’d like a cup of coffee.
我想要杯咖啡。
②---- What can I do for you?
您要买什么?
----Headache medicine.
头痛药。
③---- What can I do for you?
你要借什么书?
----I’d like to borrow a book on medicine and renew this one.
我想借一本医学方面的书并续借这本书。
④---- What can I do for you?
你有什么事?
----Excuse me, is boss in?
请问老板在吗?
⑤---- What can I do for you?
有什么事吗?
----Could you show me the way to the internet bar?
你能告诉我去网吧的路吗?
⑥----You are so busy. What can I do for you?
你这么忙,我能帮你做什么吗?
----No, thank you.
不用了,谢谢。
⒋ I’m well. 和I’m good.
be well指身体好,其相对应的短语为be ill(生病)。如说“我身体很好”,应说 “I am very well.”,不能说“I’m very good.(good指品质好)。
形容词well和ill不能作定语修饰名词,若作定语须用sick和healthy. 如说“生病的孩子”应该说a sick boy, “健康的孩子”应该说a healthy boy。
如:
①----Why doesn’t Tom come to school?
汤姆怎么没来上学?
----He is ill.
他生病了。
②----How is your father?
你父亲好吗?
----He is very well. Thank you.
他很好,谢谢。
◆I’m very well. = I’m feeling quite well. = I’m fine. = I’m all right. = I’m OK.
◆I’m ill today. = I’m feeling bad today. = I’m feeling terrible today. = I don’t feel very well today.
⒌ It’s a pleasure to do…, It’s a pleasure.和 with pleasure.
◆It’s a pleasure to do…是客套话,意思是“很高兴做…”,相当于Pleased (或Nice, Great) to do…
如:
①It’s a pleasure to meet you.
=Pleased (或Nice, Great) to meet you.
认识你很高兴。
②It’s a pleasure for me to be invited to speak here.
=I’m glad to be invited to speak here.
应邀在这儿发言我深感荣幸。
◆It’s a pleasure. = A pleasure.表示“没什么,不用谢。”“这是我乐意做的。”类似的习语还有:It’s nothing. Not at all. You are welcome. Don’t mention it. That’s all right. My(Our) pleasure.等,主要用于你帮助了别人或你为别人做了好事,而别人对你说 “Thank you.” 时。
如:
①----Thank you, Mum, for my party, and for your beautiful presents!
谢谢你,妈妈,为了我的这次聚会,也为你给予的漂亮的礼物。
----Not at all, dear. It was a pleasure.
不用谢,这是我乐意做的。
②----Thank you for all the help you’ve given me.
谢谢你给予我的所有帮助。
----It’s a pleasure.
不用谢。
◆ With pleasure. = Yes/ Certainly. 表示“当然可以”,“愿意效劳”,“行”,“不成问题”,“好的”。类似的习语还有:All right. No problem. I’d like to.等,主要用于别人求你做某事,你很乐意去做的场合。
如:
①----Could you help me with my English?
你能否帮助我学英语?
---- With pleasure.
当然可以。
②----Could you post the letter for me?
你能替我把这封信寄走吗?
---- With pleasure.
愿意效劳。
③----Will you lend me a hand?
请你帮一下忙,好吗?
---- With pleasure.
好的。
◆ pleasure是名词,大多用于客套话中。
如:
①I have had the pleasure of meeting your brother before.
我以前有幸见过令兄或令弟。
②May I have the pleasure of your company at dinner?
我可否有和你一起吃饭的荣幸?
⒍ All right. That’s all right. 和 That’s right.
◆ All right. 意思是“行”,“可以”,表示同意对方的建议或要求,这时也可以用OK.
如:
①----Tell me about him, please.
把他的情况给我讲讲吧。
----OK./ All right.
好吧。
②----Let’s not do that. All right?
那件事我们别做了,行吗?
---- OK./ All right.
好吧。
◆OK.和All right.还可以表示“身体很好”或“已经康复”的意思。
如:
①----Is he all right?
他很好吗?
----He is quite all right.
他很好。
②----How are you today?
你今天感觉(身体)怎么样?
----I’m all right. Thank you.
我很好,谢谢。
◆ That’s right.意思是“对了”,表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为,肯定对方的答案或判断,其相反说法是“That’s wrong.”。
如:
①----We must help him.
我们必须帮助他。
---- That’s right.
说得对。
②You are not English. You are American. Is that right?
你不是英国人,你是美国人,(我说的)对吗?
③I think that’s right.
我想那是对的。
◆ That’s all right.意思是“没关系”,“不用谢”,用作回答对方的道歉或感谢。
如:
①----I’m very sorry I can’t do it.
非常对不起,我做不了。
---- That’s all right.
没关系。(回答对方的道歉)
②----Many thanks.
非常感谢。
---- That’s all right.
不用谢。(回答对方的谢意)
⒎ What do you like about…? , How do you like…?和 What’s …like?
◆ What do you like about…? 是用来询问对方具体哪一方面喜欢某人或某事物,此时what作like的宾语,不用how.
如:
①----What do you like about him?
你喜欢他哪一点呢?
----Honesty and diligence.
诚实与勤奋。
②----What do you dislike about smoking?
你哪一点不喜欢吸烟呢?
----Smelly rooms.
房间里难闻的气味。
◆ How do you like…? 用于询问对方对某一事物的看法,此时how作状语,不能用what 代替,句中的like还可用find代替,如果用think of代替like,疑问词应用what.
如:
①----How do you like/ find the city?
你觉得这座城市怎么样?
----Very beautiful.
很美丽。
②----What do you think of the novel?
你认为这部小说怎么样?
----Very interesting.
很有趣。
③Tell me how you like my plan
跟我说说你对我的计划的看法。
◆ What’s …like? 是用来询问某人、某一活动,某一电影、某一小说或某一场所等留给人的印象,要求对方所询问的有关事物作出简单的评价,描述外貌等,句中like为介词。
如:
①----What’s your English teacher like?
你的英语老师是什么样子的?
----He is tall and handsome.
他高大英俊。
②----What was the conference like?
大会开得怎么样?
----Very interesting.
非常有趣。
③----What is the dictionary like?
那部字典是什么样子的?
----A pocket one. Simple but clear.
是一部袖珍字典,简单明了。
高考预测题:
1.----Thank you so much for the lovely evening, Jim. Frank and I had such a good time.
----You are quite welcome, John. _______ . We’d been looking forward to seeing you.
A. We are glad to meet you.
B. I am afraid you did not have a good time.
C. Just stay a little longer.
D. Thank you for your coming.
2.----I am sorry to hear that your mother is ill in hospital.
----______________.
A. That’s all right.
B. Don’t be so sorry. She is well soon.
C. It is nothing.
D. It’s very kind of you.
3.----What do you think of that tea set as a gift for Mary’s birthday?
----__________, but I don’t particularly care for the design.
A. It is the right thing.
B. I think it is Chinese style.
C. Not bad.
D. Let me think it over again.
4.----Tom was killed in a traffic accident.
----________. I talked with him yesterday morning!
A. What a pity B. I beg your pardon?
C. Sorry to hear that. D. Is that so?
5.----My son has passed the exam.
----Congratulations! He’s really intelligent.
----___________.
A. Oh, no, he is nothing.
B. Oh, thank you.
C. Sometimes he is intelligent
D. You are right.
6.----Don’t forget to phone me when you get home. Just to let me know you’ve arrived safely.
----I won’t forget. Good-bye then.
----____________.
A. With pleasure B. Have a nice trip
C. Don’t mention it D. It is very kind of you
7.----I am sorry I broke your mirror.
----Really? _________.
A. It doesn’t matter.
B. Don’t be so sorry.
C. It’s OK with me.
D. I don’t know.
8.----Please don’t make a noise.
----_________. I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.
A. Yes, I won’t. B. No, I won’t.
C. No, I will. D. Yes, I will.
9.----We have got to do something about pollution. It’s getting worse.
----________.
A. Yes, it certainly is. B. Yes, it is certainly.
C. Yes, we have D. No, you haven’t.
10.----You speak very good English.
---- _____________.
A. No, not at all. B. My English is not good.
C. Thank you. D. No, you speak better than I
11.----Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant?
----________. It’s too expensive.
A. Why not B. I agree
C. I’m afraid not D. I’m sure
12.If you see a sign with “No photos” on, you __________.
A. take some photos
B. just look at the photos
C. can’t take photos
D. take some photos away
13.----Are you feeling _______?
----Yes, I’m fine now.
A. any well B. any better
C. quite good D. quite better
14.----How do you like your uncle?
----___________.
A. Yes, I like him very much.
B. No, I don’t like him.
C. I like him.
D. He is very kind.
15.----Have a nice weekend!
----___________.
A. The same to you B. The same as you
C. So have I D. You have it too.
16.----I feel a bit hungry.
----Why not go to have _______ bread?
A. any B. some
C. little D. a
17.----Would you go to the concert with me?
----________, but I’m very busy now.
A. I’d like to B. Sure
C. No problem D. Certainly
18.----I am afraid robots will replace man in almost all fields of society one day.
----__________.
A. Yes, they do.
B. I am sorry to hear that.
C. I’m sorry, but I can’t agree with you.
D. I am sorry for that.
19.----Do you mind my taking this seat?
----___________
A. Yes, sit down, please.
B. No, of course not.
C. Yes, take it please.
D. No, you can’t take it.
20.----I was so sure that our experiment was going to succeed, but something went wrong at the last moment.
----_______, but don’t give up.
A. You don’t mean that
B. Find out the reason
C. Never mind
D. I’m sorry to hear that
21.----Hi, haven’t seen you for ages! You look fine!
----_______. You look well, too.
A. Great B. Thanks
C. Oh, no D. Not at all
22.----If I were you, I would tell her frankly.
----__________.
A. It is none of your business.
B. It’s my pleasure.
C. I will think about it
D. It’s very kind of you to help me.
23.----Your name again, please? ___________.
----It’s Bell Green.
A. I didn’t quite catch you.
B. I can’t quite catch you.
C. I don’t hear you.
D. It’s your turn.
24.----Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?
----___________.
A. Yes, you may borrow.
B. Yes, you could.
C. Yes, help yourself.
D. Yes, go on.
25.----Why didn’t you tell Tom the truth?
----___________.
A. Yes, I was afraid to be scolded by him.
B. No, but I want to.
C. But I did.
D. I always hate telling lies.
26.----Do you think it is going to rain over the weekend?
----__________.
A. I don’t believe B. I don’t believe it
C. I believe not so D. I believe not.
27.----You couldn’t have chosen any gift better for me.
----_________.
A. That’s all right. I will give you a better one next time.
B. I am sorry I cannot let you satisfied.
C. I’m glad you like it so much.
D. You have a gift for music, don’t you?
28.----I am so tired, working all morning on the farm.
----Why not take a rest?
----_________.
A. Because I cannot afford it.
B. Maybe I should
C. I don’t know
D. Sorry, I cannot tell you.
29.----_________. Did you do it yourself?
----I am glad you like it. My sister did it for me.
A. I don’t think so. B. I like your hair style
C. I have no idea D. You look nice today
30.----I am sorry, but I can’t hear you clearly.
----I say the meeting has been put off till tomorrow. Can you hear me?
----Yes, _______.
A. I see B. I know
C. let me see D. go away
答案与提示:
1.D 英美等国的人很讲礼貌,客人要感谢主人的盛情邀请,而主人要同样感谢客人的光临。
2.D It’s very kind of you.的意思是:Thank you.
3.C 答语中的but是关键词,意思是“还不错,但是我不喜欢……
4.D 答语的后半部分是感叹句,表示惊讶。C项与后面的语气不一致。
5.B 回答赞美、祝贺、祝愿时,应用thank you。
6.B Have a nice trip的含义是:旅途愉快。
7.A 回答sorry的用语有: it doesn’t matter, it is nothing和 that is all right。
8.B No, I won’t.的意思是“是的,我不会吵”。英语中要求肯定和否定形式要一致。
9.A It certainly is.的意思是“污染肯定是越来越严重了”,不说it is certainly。
10.C 英美人对别人的称赞往往是“接受”,要做出向对方表示感谢或流露出高兴情绪的反应。
11.C Why not…?是提建议时常用的句型。I’m afraid not. = I’m afraid that we can not go and have dinner…(恐怕不行)。It’s too expensive.(太贵)说明“不行”的原因。
12.C No photos.的意思是“禁止拍照”。
13.B 答句是形容词原级,汉译意义似乎是“你身体感觉好吗?”但是,不能以汉译为准,也不能套用下文,习惯用法是比较级。修饰比较级形容词不用quite。
14.D How do you like…?相当于What do you think of…?是询问你对某人、某事的评价性的意见,译为“你觉得…怎么样?”而不是“你喜欢…吗?”在做此情景对话题时,切忌望文生义,应了解句子的内在涵义。
15.A Have a nice weekend!(祝你周末愉快)这是一句祝福语,根据英美人的习惯,对方也应该做出同样的回答。The same to you.(也祝你周末愉快)符合上下文的情景要求。
16.B 此题很容易受答句问句形式的限制而用any, 因为通常情况下,疑问句和否定句用any. 但根据上下文的情景,“我”饿了,对方建议我吃些面包。在英语中,建议性的疑问句常用some
17.A 根据上下文的情景分析,答方委婉地拒绝了对方的邀请,因为他很忙,根据英美人的习惯,即使是拒绝对方的邀请,也要让对方觉得他是愿意接受对方邀请的,只是由于某种原因才不能去。
18.C 本题的语境是关于对“机器人在各个领域全面代替人类”的看法,故答语应是赞同与否。
19.B No, of course not.的意思是“当然不介意”。
20.D 当别人遇到困难、麻烦时,我们应说I’m sorry to hear that.
21.B 对他人的夸奖应表示感谢。
22.C 虚拟语气表示建议。
23.A 让对方重复说过的话,是因为没有听清,“catch”此处意为“听清”。
24.C Help yourself.此处的意思是“你自己拿吧”。
25.C but I did表示“我已经告诉他了”。回答特殊疑问句不用yes与no。
26.D so 和not可放在动词expect, fear, hope, suppose, believe, think以及词组be afraid的后面,省略与上文相同的肯定和否定的宾语从句。
27.C You couldn’t have chosen any gift better for me.的意思是“你再也选不到比这更好的礼物”。表示说话人非常喜欢你的礼物,C最符合语境。
28.B Why not…?是表示建议的句型,不是询问原因。Maybe I should.是Maybe I should take a rest.的省略。
29.B 从答语中得知前者在夸奖对方,同时根据like,故选B。
30.B 打电话时在噪音中对话,没有听清,重复后听清了,也就是知道对方说话的内容了。I see的意思是“明白了”,强调理解后的感悟,不合语境。
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