女人勿入

§ Lesson 26 The best art critics 最佳艺术评论家

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
两个同样的音连在一起时, 前面的音声去不读. 如 : upside down.
★art  n. 艺术
art student 艺术系的学生
English student 学英语的学生
student of England : 英国学生
artist [5B:tist]　艺术家
artiste [B:5tist] 艺人   注意读音的不同
art gallery 艺术画廊 (gallery [5^AlErI] n.长廊, 游廊; 画廊)
black art 巫术 ([blAkB:t] 注意连读)

★critic  n. 评论家
criticise v. 批评, 批判(主要指批判, 但不完全是责备的意思)
criticism [5kritisiz(E)m] n.批评, 批判
critical  adj. 挑剔的
critically adv. 爱挑剔的
He criticised my painting.
You are critical.

★paint  v. 画
draw a picture 用线条画
paint a picture　强调油画
painting
oil painting 油画
Chinese painting 中国国画
Beijing opera 国戏, 京剧

★pretend  v. 假装
pretend to do something
When his mother came in,the baby pretended to go to sleep.
pretend that...

★pattern  n. 图案
pattern drills
pattern 模式, 典范

★curtain  n. 窗帘, 幕布
★material  n. 材料
listening material 听力材料

★appreciate  v. 鉴赏 ＝ understand and enjoy
enjoy 欣赏
enjoy the music
　　I like poems.
　　I love...
　　I enjoy...得到乐趣
　　I appreciate...　程度一个比一个深
　　appreciate something
    appreciate doing sth  我很喜欢做某事
    I appreciate your help. 我很感激你的帮助

★notice  v. 注意到
pay attention to 思想上的注意
notice : 细节上的注意, 往往是别人没注意的东西, 你注意到了, 细节上的东西
I notice the boy.
I notice the beauty spot.(美人痣)

★whether  conj. 是否
If 在表示 “是否” 的时候可以被whether所取代
If在表示 “如果” 的时候不可以用whether取代
If it will rain...(不是条件状语从句, 故可以用将来时will)
Whether it will rain...
Whether it will rain or not...(可以加 “not” )
I wondered if it will rain.(不加 “not” )
Whether he is mad or not. / whether his mad.

★hang  v. 悬挂, 吊
hang  hanged  hanged  绞死, 吊死
hang  hung    hung 　悬挂
The thief was hanged.
The coat was hung.

★critically  adv. 批评地
★upside down 上下颠倒地　　两个同样的发音连在一起时, 前边的音省去不读

【Text】
Lesson 26  The best art critics  最佳艺术评论家
First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
Who is the student's best critic?

I am an art student and I paint a lot of pictures. Many people pretend that they understand modern art. They always tell you what a picture is 'about'. Of course, many pictures are not 'about' anything. They are just pretty patterns. We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material. I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. They notice more. My sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. She came into my room yesterday.
    'What are you doing?' she asked.
    'I'm hanging this picture on the wall,' I answered. 'It's a new one. Do you like it?'
    She looked at it critically for a moment. 'It's all right,' she said, 'but isn't it upside down?'
    I looked at it again. She was right! It was!

参考译文
    我是个学艺术的学生, 画了很多画. 有很多人装成很懂现代艺术的样子, 总是告诉你一幅画的 “意思” 是什么. 当然, 有很多画是什么 “意思” 也没有的. 它们就是些好看的图案, 我们喜爱它们就像我们喜欢漂亮的窗帘布一样. 我觉得小孩子们往往比任何人都更能欣赏现代绘画, 他们观察到的东西更多. 我的妹妹只有7岁, 但她总能说出我的画是好还是坏. 昨天她到我房里来了.

【课文讲解】
I am an art student [aiiAmAnB:t] 注意连读, 增加了[i] 的音
They always tell you what a picture is about.
tell you 后是what 引导的宾语从句
just 仅仅, 表强调
We like them...
them 指 pictures
pretty curtain material 漂亮的窗帘布
In the same way that
In a way　以某种方式
The son walked in the same way that his father walked.
I love you in the same way that I love my father.
I love you just in the same way that I love money.
make an appointment ([E5pCintEmEnt] n)
change an appointment
When will it be conveniet for you?
I like something.
I like something very much.
I like something better.
I like something best.
I like water best.
I like water better.
I like water very much.
else ① 跟在anyone,anything 等不定代词的后面 ② 疑问代词如 who else,what else
They can appreciate modern arts best.
better than anyone else 比其他任何人(表示最高级的含义)
The teacher is the tallest.
The teacher is taller than anyone else. (“else” 不能少, 把主语从 “anyone” 中排除, 比中文更严密)
The book is more expensive than anything else.
They notice more.
Whether ...or not= if
The windows in the wall /picture on the wall 注意介词的不同
Isn’t it upside down? ＝It’s upside down. 是否定疑问句, 没有否定的意思, 起强调作用, 表达一种情绪
It isn't a fine day.
It is bad weather.
Is it bad weather?
Isn't it bad weather?
作用Aren't you lucky? 你真幸运
否定疑问句起肯定
Isn't it a boy?

【Composition】作文
Rewrite these sentences using the correct verbs and joining words:
改写以下句子, 选用正确的动词和连词 :
I (looked at) (watched) the picture (but) (and) I could not (understand) (realize) it. It was in black and white and was (called) (named)‘Trees and snow’. I could see (neither) (not only) trees (or) (nor) snow.

I looked at the picture. 不用watch是因为它不是移动的
call是称之为; 　name是给它取一个名字
It was in black and white. 黑白色

【Letter writing】书信写作
信头上是没有名字的
门牌号码应该放在最前边

【Key structures】关键句型
appear的反义词disappear
resemble相似, 类似
和人的情绪相连, 跟人的状态相连, 跟人的思维活动相连的动词都不用进行时态.
Appear,appreciate,believe,feel,forget,hear,like,look,like,notice,remember,resemble,see,    think(that),  understand 等等

【Speech marks】 引号
引号在英文当中第一次出现是单引号, 第二次出现是双引号, 英文当中的书名号用
引号来替代
注意事项 :
a The speech marks are above the line. They go outside all other marks like commas(, ) full stops(. )and question marks (?).
引号位于一行之上, 它们应在句尾其他标点符号—如逗号、句号、问号—之外.
b The speaker's first word begins with a capital letter.
引语的第一个词以大写字母开头.
c Words like‘said’ and‘asked’ are followed by a comma. We put a full stop after them only when they come at the end of a sentence.
在said, asked等词后面用逗号, 只有当它们位于句尾时, 才在它们的后面用句号.
d When words like‘said’or‘asked’interrupt the speaker, the second half of the sentence begins with a small letter.
当said, asked等词置于引语之间时, 句子的后半部分以小写字母开始.
e We begin a new paragraph each time a new speaker is introduced.
当一个新的说话人开始讲话时, 要另起一个段落.

【Summary writing】摘要写作
5. Do young children appreciate modern paintings better than others or not? Do they notice more or not?(not only...but)

Young children appreciate modern paintings better than others.
They notice more.
not only ...but ...as well.
as well 放在句子结尾, 且可以省略
Young children是共同的部分
Young children not only appreciate modern paintings better than others,
but notice more.
not only...but...
连接的是两组谓语动词

7. Had he hung it upside down, or had he hung it the right way up? Did she notice this immediately or not?(and)
or 否则, 或者
upside down 与the right way up 意思相反

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
4  What is it about? Tell me ______ .
a.what is it about b.what it is about c.what about it is d.what about is it
考特殊疑问句的间接引语是什么
陈述句的间接引语以that引导
What time is it?
How old are you?
变成以　He asked me . 形式
He asked me what time it was.
He asked me how old I was.
疑问句的直接引语变间接引语要注意
⑴　特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词引导
⑵　时态.
　　主句的谓语动词是过去时时, 其从句的谓语动词应为相对应的时态.
⑶　疑问句变成间接引语时, 要变成陈述句语序.
　陈述句语序 : 主语在动词前边.
⑷　人称的变化
Is it nine o'clock? /He asked me.
if/whether 是否
He asked me if/whether it was nine o'clock.
tell me 要求间接引语
Tell me what it is about.
注意使用陈述句语序.
What about 中about 是介词, 后接名词或动词的ing形式, 不接句子
What about it?
Tell me后要求陈述句语序

5  She tells me ______ my pictures are good or not.
a.weather b.that c.if d.unless
5.没有一个答案是对的
主句为一般现在时, 从句可以为任意形式
or not是否, that表示肯定
直接引语变间接引语的连接词有３种 :
⑴陈述句中的that;
⑵一般疑问句中的if/whether;
⑶特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问词
if不可以与or not 连用
unless conj 除外, 如果不(不能用于间接引语连接)
You will fail unless you work harder.你如果不更加努力工作, 你将失败.

6  Do you like my picture? It's ______ .
a.a new b.one new c.new one d.a new one
6.D
A 缺名词
B 缺名词或位置错误
C 缺冠词
one 可以作代词, 还可以作数词

10  Young children often appreciate modern pictures. They ______ them.
a.estimate b.esteem c.value d.understand and enjoy
根据句子意思, 选D.

9  This curtain material is very good ______ .
a.clothes b.cloth c.substance d.matter
9.　B
clothes 衣服 读音省略[W] 的音
cloth　布

11  They notice more. They ______ more.
a.remark b.observe c.say d.take care
11.
在此句中, notice=observe

12  It's upside down. It isn't ______ .
up b.down c.the right way down d.the right way up
12. D
not the right way down = the right way up

§ Lesson 27 A wet night 雨夜

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★tent  n. 帐篷
★field  n. 田地, 田野
airfield 飞机场(介词用on)
in the field 在田野里
in one's field 在...领域
He is an expert in his field. (expert [5eksp\:t])
football field 足球场地

★smell  v. (smelled or smelt) 闻起来
smell　作半联系动词, 接表语, 接形容词
The food smelt good. (不能说成 “smell well” , “well” 是副词, 身体好才用 “well” )
感官动词
You look fine.
You look better.
You look beautiful.
taste [teist] 尝起来
The food smelt good,and it tasted better.
sound 听起来
look taste sound smell feel
feel; ⑴感到　I feel ill. (心理感到)
      ⑵用手的感受, The blackbroad felt cold.

★wonderful  adj. 极好的
口语中用得更多的是 : Great ! (与物相连)
Excellent ! (与人相连)    [5eksElEnt] adj.卓越的, 极好的
She is an excellent teacher.
Outstanding !(人) 好得站了出来
Brilliant!   ([5briljEnt] adj.灿烂的, 闪耀的, 有才气的)
Fantastic!

★campfire  n. 营火, 篝火
fire 可数也不可数 (一堆堆的火—可数, 炉子里的火—不可数)

★creep  v. (crept;crept) 爬行 (蹑手蹑脚的) 也是平行的爬
climb the tree.  climb up or down (上下爬)
crawl : The baby is crawling on the floor.(平行地爬)
creep out 蹑手蹑脚(别人不注意, 偷偷摸摸的)
climb / crawl / creep

★sleeping bag  睡袋
passing plane 正在路过的飞机
动词加ing 变成形容词作定语有二个意思 :
⑴ 正在... : sleeping dog
⑵ 用来做... : sleeping bag
listening material
walking stick　拐杖

★comfortable  adj. 舒适的, 安逸的
★soundly  adv. 香甜地
sleep soundly 睡得很甜
go to bed 上床/go to sleep 睡觉/fall asleep坠入梦乡/sleep well睡得很好/sleep deeply 睡得很沉
fall 为半联系动词
fast : fall fast asleep 睡得好香 “fast asleep” 熟睡

★leap  v. 跳跃, 跳起
jump : jump up and down原地跳跃
leap : 跳跃, 有距离(如从沟的这边跳到另一边, 位置变化)
skip : 课文行的跳过去, 单词, 文章 : Let us skip it?
Look before you leap.三思而后行
leap year/month 闰年/月

★heavily  adv. 大量地
rain/snow heavily 一般与雨雪连用
smoke heavily 烟瘾重
He smokes heavily.

★stream  n. 小溪
★form  v. 形成
★wind [waind] v. 蜿蜒 (wound;wound)
wind one's way 蜿蜒而行
The road winds its way.
注意与名词wind[wInd](风)的读音不同.

★right  adv. 正好
强调作用
right 做副词时强调后边的形容词, 副词, 介词短语, 不强调动词
可用just来替换
just like 正好/just as 正如
后边加代词时只能用just. 如 : just you 就是你了. 不能用 “right” 代替
Right here.就在这儿
“Right here waiting for you” : 《在此等候》―歌名
I found my lost watch right in the graden.我就在花园里找到了我丢失的手表

【Text】
Lesson 27 A wet night  雨夜
First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
What happened to the boys in the night?

Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. They were all hungry and the food smelled good. After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the campfire. But some time later it began to rain. The boys felt tired so they put out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!

参考译文
     傍晚时分, 孩子们在田野中央搭起了帐篷. 这件事刚刚做完, 他们就在篝火上烧起了饭. 他们全都饿了, 饭菜散发出阵阵香味. 他们美美地吃了一顿饭后, 就围在营火旁讲起了故事, 唱起了歌. 但过了一阵子. 天下起雨来, 于是他们扑灭了篝火, 钻进了帐篷. 睡袋既暖和又舒服, 所以, 他们都睡得很香. 午夜前后, 有两个孩子醒了, 大声叫了起来. 原来帐篷里到处都是水!他们全都跳出睡袋, 跑到外面. 雨下得很大, 他们发现地上已经形成了一条小溪. 那小溪弯弯曲曲穿过田野, 然后正好从他们的帐篷底下流过去.

【课文讲解】
注意句型 : 在...之后
wet 发义词是　dry
汉语与英文只有意义的对等, 没有字的对等
wet.... 湿淋淋的
My idea is the same as yours.我的想法与你一样的
I agree with you.(口语)
I think so.(口语)
You are wet.
英文中表示 “湿” 的词 :
wet/damp不舒服/moist (湿的程度减少)
moist : 稍湿(给人感觉舒服, 如湿润) : moist cake 松软的蛋糕 (moist [mCist] adj.潮湿的 n.潮湿)
damp : 让人感觉不太舒服
dreamy eyes:梦幻般的眼睛
moist eyes 水灵灵的眼睛
humid 指气候比较潮湿
a rainy night...多雨的夜晚
(My idea is the same as yours./I’m agree with you./I think so.)
late in the afternoon.傍晚
early in the morning 　清早
put up 搭建/强调搭 如搭个草棚等
build 建/强调精心设计并且建造
make a desk
build a car (一般不用 “make a car” )
in the middle of 在...中间  (相对两边)
in the center of 在...中心 (相对四面)腹地
in the middle of the river 河中心
midnight 　午夜
the mid-autumn day 中秋节
在陆地的腹地用 “center”
as soon as  一...就... /当...
open fire  在野外生的火, 篝火
over 垂直的上面
cook a meal 做一顿饭
表示 “在...之后” 的句式
after+从句/doing
with a bag 带着包
in sweater 穿着毛衣  (sweater [5swetE] n.厚运动衫, 毛线衫)
After I arrived => After my arrival
When the plane arrived => after the arrival of the plane (P37 summary writing)
After his arrival, we have a party.
After the arrival of the flowers,I took them and went to my girlfriend's
tell story 讲故事
by 在...旁边　　near/beside/at/by
① at the door 门边, (紧挨着的)
sit at the table 桌边
② by the river 河边 (不会紧挨着的, 但也不会很远)
③ next to
He sits next to me./who is the next? 表示紧邻着的
④ beside = next to
the next door to my house
⑤ near 在附近
beside/next to 与...相邻
at the door 紧挨着
near the village
next to /beside the village
at the table
by the river
next door 在隔壁
some time later 一段时间之后
some time ago 一段时间以前
a few hours earlier j几小时前
some time earlier.
put out 人为的熄灭火
be out 火自动熄灭
I put out the fire.
The fire is out.
crept into
in the middle of the night=midnight
at midnight 在午夜
wake up 醒来　　主语自己醒
wake sb up 唤醒
begin doing/start doing/begin to do/start to do
leap out of 跳出来
如果强调某东西自动形成, 则可以用主动态, 如果强调某东西是人为的, 用被动态
When I'm getting close to the door,the door opened.(自动门)
The door opened. 强调门自动开
The door was opened.门被打开, 强调人为的
river formed 河流是自动形成
The bus stopped 自动的
The bus was stopped 人为的
wound one's way 蜿蜒而行
flow 流淌
flow/flowed/flowed
fly/flew/flown
grow/grew/grown
blow/blew/blown
right 正好, 恰好, 强调后边的介词短语

【Letter writing】书信写作
先写最小单位
给国外的人写信是才写国名

【Composition】作文
用正确的动词和连词改写以下句子 :
I am very tall(so)(but)I must be careful. Doorways are often low(and)(but)I usually(beat)(knock)my head against them. My head always(hurts)(pains). I have never(met)(recognized)a tall architect. Have you?

Doorways 门栏
so/and/knock/hurts/met
knock/beat
knock 大声地撞
beet 持续的撞击/打
against (prep)相对作用的力 (在政治上叫 “反对” )
hurt/pain
身体的某一部位+hurts 某一部疼痛 my hand hurts.
Pain 表示疼痛的名词
I have a pain.
My hand hurts.
I have a pain in my hand.
Meet 遇见 / recognize 认出 (原来熟悉再次认出的概念)

【Special Difficulties】 难点
动词加介词或副词起改变put的含义的作用
put up with 容忍
put up  ① 搭建 ② 安排住宿
put out...扑灭
put on 穿上
put away 把...收好
Your room is untidy,put your things away.
put off 推延
put down / write down 记下

Exercise(选用正确的带put的动词短语)
1  Mrs. Bowers told her children to ______ their toys ______ and go to bed.
2  You can stay here tonight. We can ______ you ______ in the spare room.
3  I'm not ready yet. I haven't ______ my shoes ______ .
4  ‘Open your exercise books and ______ the following, ’ the teacher said.
5  Father is ______ the fire he lit in the garden.
6  When they have ______ that new building, it will spoil the view.
7  I have ______ my trip to Japan until next month.
8  I am getting a divorce. I can't ______ him any longer.
 
1.put...away
2.put...up 安排住宿
3.put...on
4.put...down记下 = write down
5.putting...out
6.put up 搭建  spoil 毁坏
7.put off推延
8.put up with    get a divorce 离婚

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
6  They sang songs by the campfire. They sang songs ______ the campfire.
a.close b.near c.besides d.at
6.b
beside 　在...旁边
besides　除...之外
my closest friends
close to 表示离...很近(必须要有 “to” )
close to me 离我很近
at the door; at the window; at the table

9  The boys had put out the campfire. The fire wasn't ______ .
a.switched on b.on fire c.on d.alight
9.d
be on 上演, 亮着的(一般指灯亮着的)
What's on in the cinema today?
The lights were on last night.
switch n.开关
　　　 v.用开关 The light was switched on. 强调通过开关打开的
on fire 起火 : The house is on fire .房子起火了
alight : 以a开头的形容词为表语形容词
The fire was out.火熄灭了