§ Lesson 31 Success story 成功者的故事

【New words and expression_rs】 生词和短语
★retire v. 退休
He is getting old, He is going to retire. 他越来越老, 他打算退休了
retire=stop working=stop doing this
I'm going to retire next year.
我明年会退出影坛或歌坛
I'm so tired that I'm going to retire now. (retire = go to bed)

★company n. 公司
firm 商行
corporation 责任公司
limited corporation 有限责任公司  缩略形式 : Ltd.Co
He works in my business.
他在我的公司工作

★bicycle n. 自行车
★save v. 积蓄
save 挽救
save one's life
He saved my life 他挽救我的生命
save one's face 挽会面子
save money 存钱
西方人不喜欢提钱, 所以用 save up 表示存钱
I have saved up for many years: 我已经存了好几年的钱
save it for a rainy day: 未雨绸缪, 为将来需要而做好准备

★workshop n. 车间
workhouse 感化院, 强迫劳动的地方
workshop 工作并且可以拿出来卖, 译为 “车间”

★helper n. 帮手, 助手
assistant 助理

★employ v. 雇佣
employee: 雇员
employer: 雇主
trainer 教练
trainee 接受训练的人
grandson n. 孙子

【Text】
Lesson 31  Success story 成功者的故事
First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
What was Frank's first job?

Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their grandson's bicycle!

参考译文
昨天下午弗兰克.霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历. 在退休前, 弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经理, 但他小时候却在一家小铺里做工. 他那时的工作是修理自行车, 并且通常是一天工作14个小时. 他靠多年积蓄, 于1958年买下了自己的一个小铺子. 20多岁的时候, 弗兰克曾生产飞机零配件. 那时他有两个帮手. 几年之后, 小铺子已经发展成了一个雇有728人的大工厂. 弗兰克回想着他早年的艰难经历和走过的漫长的成功之路, 微笑了. 他正笑着的时候门开了, 他的妻子走了进来. 她叫他去修理孙子的自行车.

【课文讲解】
He worked in a factory.他曾经在一个车间里工作
He used to work in a small workshop. 他过去在一个车间工作
used to do 过去常常, 但是现在不做
My teacher used to live there. 我的老师过去住在那(现在不住了)
He lived there. 他过去住在那(不知道现在是否住在那)
She worked as a teacher.
work...as...作为...工作
He used to worked as a teacher.
I used to study in this school.
as a boy = as he was a boy
as 在这儿是当...的时候
as a young man 当他年轻的时候
in his twenties, in one's thirties/forties/fifties/nineties
in one's -ies 在某人几十岁的时候
in my fifties 在我五十多岁的时候
In his fifties,he learned the second language.
in the 1980s 在二十世纪八十年代
I worked/(began the job) in the 1990s.
a head of 老板
at that time=just then=at that moment
of one's own某人自己的
my own book  (own 起强调作用, 自己的)
用of one's own 或 one's own 由被修饰词的位置决定, 如果被修饰名词在前边, 用of one's own, 如果被修饰名词在后边, 用one's own
has become 成长为
in a few years在一些年之后
....factory which employed... : 工厂雇佣....(除了人可以雇佣外, 工厂, 公司也可以这样表达)
hard early years 早年的艰辛
long road to success 通往成功的长路
remember记得, 回忆起
memory n 记忆 memorize v.
there is a long way to go
my wife came in when i was smiling 强调我妻子进来
I was smiling when my wife came in 强调我微笑(when 不能放在强调的前面)
want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事
main idea: his experiences as a youny man
success 不但表示 “成功” , 还可以表示 “成功者” 的概念
success [sEk5ses] n 成功; 胜利 / 好结果 / 成功之人; 成功的事

【Letter writing】书信写作
以下的哪一个信头是正确的?
Mr. Bill Howard,      14 Duke St.,          Duke St. 214,
214 Duke St.,        Perth,                 14th May, 19__,
Perth,                 Western Australia.    Perth,
Western Australia.    14th May,19 _        Western Australia.

1.F 2.T 3.F

【Key structures】　关键句型
He used to work fourteen hours a day.
Do you remember these sentences? (KS7)
你记得过去进行时和一般过去时吗?（参见第7课关键句型）
When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.
As I was getting on the bus, I slipped and hurt my foot.
Now compare them with these sentences:
used to do 与过去进行时, 一般过去时 :
I used to go to work by bus. Now I go by car. 我过去常乘公共汽车上班, 现在开小车去.
He used to be a postman a long time ago.  He's a taxi driver now. 很久以前他曾是个邮递员, 现在他是个出租车司机.
I have given up smoking.  I used to smoke very heavily. 我已经戒烟了, 过去我吸烟很厉害.
I used to collect stamps when I was a boy. 当我还是个小男孩时, 我常搜集邮票.
My uncle used to live in New Zealand but he's now living in Australia. 我叔叔过去住在新西兰, 但他现在住在澳大利亚.
 
过去进行时出现在 1.一个故事的背景
                 2.和另外一件事同时发生
Exercises C:
While my wife ____(work) in the kitchen, I ____ (sit) in the garden. I ____ (look) at cars which ____ (pass) in the street, when a small car ____ (stop) outside my gate and a man ____ (get)out. I was most surprised to see that the man was Ted Hale. We ____ (be) at the same school years ago. In those days, Ted ____ (come)to our house nearly every day and we often ____ (go)out together. We ____ (be)great friends, but one day we ____ (quarrel) and I never ____ (see) him again. As he ____ (get) out of his car, I ____ (call) my wife and we both ____ (hurry) out to greet an old friend.

was working  ;  was sitting  ;  looked(was looking)  ;  were passing  ;  stopped  ;  got  ;  were(used to be)  ;  used to come(came)  ;  went(used to go)  ;  were(used to be)  ;  quarrelled  ;  saw  ;  got (was getting)  ;  called  ;  hurried
be surprised to do 非常惊讶地做某事
quarrel [5kwCrEl] n.吵架, 反目, 怨言, 争吵的原因 vi.吵架, 争论, 挑剔

【Special Difficulties】 难点
a. experience 经历(可数名词) 经验(不可数名词) experienced 有经验的
b. save save one's life / save one's face / save money / save it for a rainy day 未雨绸缪
c. work and job 1、work 可做动词, job 不可以作名词
                 2、job 是可数名词, work 不可数
Exercise
1  He is a very(experience)(experienced)doctor.
2  My father enjoys doing (jobs)(works) about the house.
3  I am looking for a new(work)(job).
4  The government is trying to persuade people to(economize) (save) money.

1、experienced 2、jobs 3、job 4、save
economize [i(:)5kCnEmaiz] v经济, 节省(能不用的就不用,有 “节衣缩食” 的概念)
save 存钱(多余的钱)
experience [iks5piEriEns] n.vt.经验, 体验, 经历, 阅历

【Composition】作文
Frank (not only) (neither) (repaired) (made)his grandson's bicycle, (but)(also)went for a ride on it(as well)(both). He (said)(told)me later:‘I(make)(do)aeroplanes, (and) (but) I prefer bicycles.’

not only / repaired / but /as well / told /make
go for a ride/go for a walk 骑车出去/出去散步
ride a car/bicycle/horse
go for a ride on sth (对自行车只能用 “on” )
prefer [pri5fE:] vt.更喜欢, 宁愿

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
1  When he was a young man, Frank ____.
owned a small shop  b.made spare parts for aeroplanes
c.made spare parts for bicycles  d.worked hard and saved his money
1. d
(a)(b)选项是作为 “he was a youny man” 中的一个部分

3  Frank used to work in a small shop. He ______.
a.doesn't anymore b.still does c.is now  d.has never done anything else
3. a
not anymore 不再
I will not make the mistake anymore.

4  He used to work fourteen hours a day. He did this ______ day.
a.one b.some c.each d.a
4. c
one day 有一天 / some day 某一天 / a 作为计量单位的一部分
I will beat you some day.总有一天我会打败你
every day / each day 每天

8  Frank is the ______ of a business company.
a.director b.headmaster c.superior d.leader
8. a
leader 起带头作用的人
headmaster [hed5mB:stE(r)] 校长
direction [di5rekFEn, dai5rekFEn] 方向
director 管理公司或单位整个事务的人
(director [di5rektE, dai5rektE] n.主任, 主管, 导演, (机关)首长, (团体)理事, (公司)董事, 指挥仪, 控制器)
Frank is a director of a business company
superior 监理
(superior [sju:5piEriE] n.长者, 高手, 上级 adj.较高的, 上级的, 上好的, 出众的, 高傲的)

12  He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife ______.
a.went in b.entered in c.entered d.entered into
12. c
into 后面一定要加地点
enter 既是及物动词, 也是不及物动词
enter＝go in/come in  如 return＝go back
go in 与 come in 都可以用enter代替, 但go in(离说话人越来越远) 与 come in(离说话人越来越近) 方向不一样,文中强调的是 “进去” 而非 “进来”

§ Lesson 32 Shopping made easy 购物变得很方便

【New words and expression_rs】 生词和短语
★once adj 曾经, 以前
① long long ago = once 很久以前 ② once 一次
I visited my mother once a month. (一次)
③ once 连接从句, 表示 “一旦”
Once you leave my company, you must return the house.

★temptation n 诱惑
temptation to+动词原形
temptation to do sth 什么什么的诱惑
temptation to steal
resist the temptation to do抵抗不了什么的诱惑  (resist [ri5zist] vt.抵抗, 反抗, 抗, 忍得住)
I can't resist the temptation to laugh.

★article n 物品, 东西
article 文章 : this is a good article
article/thing 不可相互取代
article强调的是商店里的一个一个的东西, 是可数名词, 单独的东西, 独立的个体
thing 指任何的东西
cargo [5kB:^Eu] n.船货, (车、船、飞机等运输的)货物
goods 货物, 商店里的货物的总称

★wrap v 包裹
Please wrap them (up) for me请替我把他们包好
wrap sth up
pack : 指为了携带, 运输的方便而打包
I will take/get/have it. please wrap them for me / please pack them for me.

★simply adv 仅仅
simply : only/just

★arrest v 逮捕
arrest the criminal
criminal [5kriminl] n.罪犯, 犯罪者 adj.犯罪的, 犯法的, 罪恶的
arrest one's attention吸引某人的注意
the criminal was arrested.
Sb. be under arrest 某人被逮捕
control/under control控制/被控制

shopping made easy
make : 1、制造
2、使....怎么样
make the room clean (clean adj 宾补)
make shopping easy
Shopping be made easy(句子)
Made 为过去分词, 有 “被” 的意思
标题不用句子, 所以标题省略be

【Text】
Lesson 32  Shopping made easy  购物变得很方便
First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
Who was the thief?

People are not so honest as they once were. The temptation to steal is greater than ever before--especially in large shops. A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings.One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shopassistant was her daughter. The girl' gave' her mother a free dress once a week !

参考译文
人们不再像以前那样诚实了. 偷窃的诱惑力比以往任何时候都更强烈——特别是在大的商店里. 一名侦探最近注意上了一位穿着讲究的妇女, 她总是在星期一上午进入一家大商场. 有一个星期一, 当这位妇女走进这家商场时, 里面的人比往常少, 因此, 侦探比较容易监视她. 这位妇女先是买了几样小商品. 过了一会几, 她又选了商场里最昂贵的一件衣服, 把它递给了售货员. 那售货员以最快的速度为她包好了衣服. 然后, 那妇女拿过包就走出了商场, 根本没有付钱. 她被逮捕后, 侦探发现原来那售货员是她的女儿. 那姑娘每星期 “送” 她母亲一件免费的衣服!

【课文讲解】
not so...as/not as...as 表示比较, 不如
as...as...和什么一样
as+adj/adv+as+比较对象
as quickly as possible尽可能快
He is as tall as I.
This case is as light as that one. (轻)
It is as heavy as that one. 这个东西和那个东西一样重
as...as...的否定形式是not so...as...,/not as ... as...
It is not as heavy as that one. 这个东西不如那个东西重
I am not as tall as you.
I am taller than you/you are not as tall as I.
less + 原级＝not as...as...=not so...as... 译为 “不如”
not as + 原级 +as / less + 原级+than 意思一样, 区别 : 一个用 “as” , 一个 “than”
I am not so lucky as those fisherman.
they are 与 they were 在用不同时态比
you are beautiful.  you were beautiful
you are more beautiful than you were. 你比过去漂亮多了
you look better than you were. (省略句 : You look better.)
It was my car. / Is this your car? 注意它们的区别
I think 想 / I thought 原以为
you were worse表示you are better : 你过去更差劲, 表示现在比以前更好了
要表现现在与过去的比较, 有两种方式 :
1、they are 与 they were 或 it is /it was等在用不同时态比
2、用短语than ever before
People are not so honest as before = people are not so honest as they once were.
specially [5speFElI] adv.特别地, 临时地
impulsion [Im5pQlF(E)n] n.冲动
adventure [Ed5ventFE] n.冒险, 冒险的经历 v.冒险
watch : 观察, 监视; 当心(口语中)
watch the enemy (enemy [5enimi] n.敌人, 仇敌, [集合名词]敌军, [喻]大敌 adj.敌人的, 敌方的)
watch sth 当心 : watch your head (威胁)
well-done
well+动词的过去分词
design [di5zain] n.设计, 图案, 花样, 企图, 图谋, (小说等的)构思, 纲要 v.设计, 计划, 谋划, 构思
well-designed 设计得不错
well-educated 有教养的 (educated [5edju:keItId] adj.受过教育的, 有教养的)
as usual 象平常
than usual 比平常
be动词+形容词+for sb to do sth
so it was easier for the detective to watch her. (句中用 “easier” 有潜在的比较含义)
it 是形式主语, for sb.中的sb是逻辑主语
The teacher bought a lot of dresses to make her more beautiful.(更漂亮, 不用 “more” 时会让人产生误会)
用more是表示对别人的尊重
out of politeness 出于礼貌 (politeness n.有礼, 优雅)
after a little time过了一会儿
choose [tFu:z] vt. (chose [tFEuz]; chosen[5tFEuzn])
hand...to...递给(比较有权威的人) pass to一个一个的传递(更常用)
hand in 上交
wrap sth up for sb
as quickly as possible.尽可能的快
She +chose+最高级+and+(并列结构)+handed it to +宾语+定语从句.
handed it to an assistant [hand it tu: En E`sIstEnt] 注意 : 前一个以 “o” 结尾, 后一个以 “元音” 开头的, 读时需再在它们之间加一个[w]音, 又如 : my heart go on. [ ^EuwRn]
find out发现
find/find out
find sth. (sth 是看得见, 模得着的, 具体的)
I find the pen. (pen是具体的)
find out 后跟的宾语一般是抽象的
find out the truth 发现真相
free 免费的
fee 交费 : fee parking 收费的停车场
课文读十遍

【special difficulties】难点
a强调的是后面的名词; one强调的是 “一个” 的意思
Excise: Put in a/an or one: 用a/an或one填空 :
______ day I received ______ postcard from Harry. He invited me to go on ______ excursion. As he was setting out that afternoon, there was only ______ thing to do. I had to send ______ fax. I went to my desk and picked up ______ form. I wrote ______ fax of ______ word: NO.
one/a/an/one/a/a/a/one

【composition】作文
I(came)(arrived at)the office late as usual(so)(but) Mr. Blake(saw)(understood)me(and)(or)
he  was very angry.‘This is your last day here, Jones,’he said.‘You can(neither)(either) (stay)(sit)here(or)(nor)go home!’
arrive at /so/saw/and/stay/either/or/
come to 一定要介词+地点

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
4  There were fewer people in the shop than usual. There were ______.
as many as usual  b.not as many as usual  c.as few as usual  d.more than usual
answer:B
many     not (as) so.....as

7  It was one of the most expensive dresses ______ the shop.
a.in  b.of  c.from  d.to
most expensive  ①+地点 用in
②+范围表示所有的人或(书)当中, 用of
③I have ever seen/done/heard. (定语从句) 我所看过的, 做过的, 听过的

8  A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman. He ______ her.
a.looked  b.looked for  c.looked after  d.looked at
watch : look at

9  The woman first bought a few small articles. She bought some small ______.
a.things b.pieces c.bits  d.parts
article

10  The assistant wrapped it. She ______ it.
a.papered  b.turned  c.enveloped  d.made a parcel of
answer: D
wrapped: 包裹　　　envelope: 信封
made a parcel of : 制作一个包裹

12  The dress was free. It ______.
a.was priceless  b.was worthless  c.cost nothing  d.was grateful
priceless [5praislis] adj.无价的, 极贵重的
free,   worthless: 不值钱的.　　　Something cost money.
I pay nothing.
grateful [5^reitful] adj.感激的, 感谢的