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人教版高中英语
选修9学案

Unit 1 Breaking records
lunge (n & v) 跃进；前冲
He ~d at me with a knife.
He made a ~ at me.
approximate (adj) 近似的；大概的
近似；接近；近于
(1) The cost will ~ $ 5,000,000.
Your story only ~s to the real facts.
approximately (adv) 近似地；大约地
approximation (n) 接近
laughter [u]
laugh [c]
(1) He laughs best, who laughs last.
reality (n)
in ~ 实际上；事实上
in fact / as a matter of fact / in truth
adjustment (n) 调整，调节
(1) We made a few minor ~s to the plan.
tough (adj) 强硬的；困难的；粗暴的；不幸的；顽强的
        (adv) 顽强地
   be ~ with sb 对某人强硬
   be tough on sb 对某人严厉
   as tough as old boots 非常硬；非常坚强
   △ toughen (v) 变强硬；变困难
   (1) The government has threatened to get ~ with people who try to avoid paying taxes.
   (2) The laws are ~ on offenders.
vomit [u] 呕吐物
        (v) 呕吐
   (1) He was ~ing blood.
   (2) The volcano ~ed out great black clouds of smoke.
   bring up ---(BrE) to vomit (one’s food)
   (3) He brought up his dinner.
unfit (adj) 不适宜的；不太健康的；不能胜任的
She was ~ and couldn’t play in the big match.
She is ~ for motherhood.
He is ~ to hold public office.
fascinate (v) 使着迷；入迷
I was ~d to see how skillfully the old craftsman worked.
The students were ~d with / by his ideas.
spiritual (adj) 精神上的
spirit (n) 精神；心灵
spirits 烈性酒；情绪  in high / low spirits 情绪高涨/ 低落
urge (n) 强烈的欲望；冲动
敦促；力劝
   ~ against 极力反对
   ~ sb into doing sth / ~ sb to do sth敦促某人做某事
   ~ that sb (should) do sth
   ~ sth on / upon sb
 (1)I had /felt a sudden ~ to tell the boss what I thought of him.
  (2) They ~d us to give our support.
  (3) They ~d on us the need for cooperation.
  (4) He ~d that they go to Europe.
  △ urgency [u] 催促；紧迫    a matter of great ~ 极迫切的问题
  △ urgent (adj) 催促的；紧急的  a very ~ message 非常紧急的问题
accomplish (vt) 完成；实现
She’s ~ed a great deal in the last few weeks.
  △ accomplished (adj) 有才艺的
    accomplishment (n) [u] 成就；完成 [c] 才能，才艺
devotion [u] 热心；专心；热爱
devote (v)
devote oneself to sth / be devoted to献身于，致力于
sacred (adj) 宗教的；神圣的
~ music / history 宗教音乐 / 教会史，宗教史
scared (adj) 害怕的
deed (n) 行为，功绩
do good ~d 做好事
(1) Deeds are better than words. 行动胜与言语。
repentance [u] 后悔
repent (v) 懊悔，后悔
repentant (adj) 后悔的
wisdom [u] 智慧；学问
Wisdom in head is better than money in the hand.
Wisdom is more to be envied than riches.
Wisdom is to the mind what health is to the body.
   △ wise (adj)
doom (vt) 注定；判决
The plan was ~ed (to failure) from the start.
They were ~ed to die.
bid –bid –bid (v & n) 出价；投标
He bid $ 10 for an old book at the auction.
He made a ~ for freedom by climbing over the wall. 他企图翻越这堵高墙以获得自由。
juggle (v) 耍把戏
jungle (n) 密林；丛林
economics [u] 经济学  (physics / politics / electronics )
economy (n) 经济(情况)；节约
economic (adj) 经济(上)的；经济学的
economical (adj) 节俭的
scarf (n) → (pl: scarves / scarfs )
 receptionist (n) 接待员
reception (n) 接待，欢迎；招待会；接待处
a wedding reception 婚宴   reception desk 接待处  reception room 客厅，会客室
underwear [u] 内衣裤 = underclothes / underclothing
under—(inner; beneath others) 内
therefore, so与thus区别
二者都是副词：因此，所以，如此这样的意思
therefore and thus用法基本相同，但用时侧重点不一样。therefore1.结果，2.用于对某事物进行推论thus1.强调用什么方式2.达到某种程度或范围；这么3.同Therefore; consequently用法相同
therefore表结果,比so显得更正式一些，在句中常与and连用；
如：He worked day and night, and therefore he was able to buy a new sports car.
Examples
He was very tired, and therefore he didn't give the market report.
他非常疲倦，所以没能作市场报告。
2. It was snowing, and so I could not go out.
天在下雪，所以我无法外出。
3. It was already rather late, thus we decide to urge the customer.
已经相当晚了，所以我们决定催促客户。
 词组句型用法详解
 1．in reality 实际上；现实
 The couple often quarrel, but in reality they love each other so much.
 那夫妻虽常吵架，但实际上他们互相挺相爱的。
 John looks so old, but in reality he is very young. 约翰看起来很老，但实际上他挺年轻的。
 2．every time 在这是名词词组作连词用，后接从句。
 Every time he attends her lecture, he is attracted by her vivid words.每次他参加她的讲座，被她生动的语言吸引。
 注：类似用法的还有：the moment, the minute, the first time。又如：
 The moment the professor arrived, all were quiet. 教授一到，所有人都静了下来。
 课文长句难句剖析
 1．Recently, Ashrita achieved his dream of breaking a record in all seven continents, including hula hoping in Australia, pogo stick jumping under water in South America, and performing deep knee bends in a hot air balloon in North America.
 剖析：achieve作谓语，解作“取得…成功”；break a record打破纪录；in all总共；including包括，是介词。
 译文：最近，阿西里塔完成了他的梦想：在所有七大洲中都破一项纪录，其中包括在澳洲玩呼拉圈，在南美洲的水下做弹簧单高跷游戏，在北美洲的热气球中做膝部深弯曲运动。
 2．While these activities might seem childish and cause laughter rather than respect, in reality they require an enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination.
 剖析：while在这解作“虽然、尽管”，是连词，引导后面状语从句；seem是系动词，后接的childish是形容词，作表语；rather than解作“而不是”；as well as解作“除…以外、与…一样”。
 译文：虽然这些活动看起来孩子气且令人发笑而不是让人肃然起敬，但实际上，这些活动却需要强大的力量、健康的体格和坚定的决心。

Unit 2 Sailing the oceans
U2考点归纳
1. Then she persuaded me to buy one. (P18)
[考点] persuade的用法和近义表达
[归纳]
persuade sb. to do sth. 劝服某人做某事
persuade sb. into (doing) sth. 劝服某人做某事  如:
Don’t let yourself be persuaded into buying things you don’t want.
[近义表达] advise sb. to do sth.劝某人做某事，可以与 try to persuade sb. to do sth.互用; convince sb. to do sth.常可替代persuade sb. to do sth.
2. ...she insisted that we find the source of the river... (P18)
[考点] insist的用法及与其用法相似的词
[归纳]
insist that + S + (should) do sth.坚持或坚决要求（宾语从句中用虚拟语气，should可以省略。）
insist that + S + do sth.坚持认为或说（宾语从句中的时态与主句保持一致，且事情一般都已经发生。）如：
He insisted that the window was broken by the boys who were playing football in the street.
insist on doing sth. 坚决主张做某事
[相似词] suggest that + S + (should) do sth.建议/提议做某事 (宾语从句中用虚拟语气，should可以省略。）
suggest that + S + do sth. 表明或暗示……(宾语从句中的时态可根据所描述的事情而定。如：可以用一般过去时或一般现在时等。)如：
The expression on her face suggested that she was satisfied with what we did.
suggest doing sth.提议做某事
3. Finally, I had to give in. (P18)
[考点] give构成的短语
[归纳]
give away 赠送；分发
give back 归还
give in to sb. / sth. 屈从；认输
give off 发出(气味、光和热等)
give out 耗尽，用完；发出(声音、气味等)
give up (doing sth.) 放弃；中止
[注意] give off与give out 在作“发出（气味等）”讲时，区别不大。
4. Many people put their thoughts into a diary but others write about their travels in what is called a travel journal. (P23)
[考点] what is called a travel journal
[归纳]
what引导的从句相当于“名词 + that从句”。 此句中的in what is called a travel journal = in the diary that is called a travel journal。类似的句子：A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. (天津 2004)我们也可以把它变成...in the place that was a wasteland ten years ago。
5. Its topics can be different from... and events less familiar to the readers. (P23)
[考点] familiar to与familiar with
[归纳]
它们都意为“熟悉”，但是它们的主语不同。物作主语时，要用be familiar to sb.；人作主语时，则要用be familiar with sth.
6. ... you must leave it right away. (P25)
[考点]与right away相关的表达
[归纳]     right away立即；马上。相关的表达：at once, immediately, in no time, right now等。
7. ...the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. (P26)
[考点] rise ( rose; risen )
[归纳]
rise是不及物动词，不接宾语，没有被动语态，表示从低处向高处上升，注意与raise的区别。raise是及物动词，要接宾语，表示“举起；提起；提升”。如:
The water rose fast because of the heavy rain.
He raised a hand in greeting.
8. It seemed that the world was at an end. (P26)
[考点] end构成的短语
[归纳]
at an end  结束；中止        
at the end (of) 在……末；在……尽头
by the end (of) 到……末为止
in the end 最终；最后
come to an end 结束；终止  如：
At last it seemed the war might be coming to an end.
9. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. (P26)
[考点] destroy的用法及其近义词
[归纳]
destroy, damage, ruin 三个词都有“破坏；毁坏”的意思。请看下面的例句，体会它们的用法。如：
The building was completely destroyed by fire.
His car hit a tree by the roadside and was damaged. So he had to have it repaired.
My new shoes get ruined in the mud.
[总结]从上面的例句可以看出它们表达不同的意思。具体区别是：
destroy指彻底毁坏以至于不复存在；damage指损坏以至失去吸引力、价值和用途；外表损坏，但可以修复；
ruin指彻底毁坏，不能再用，毫无价值可言。
10． Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible disaster. (P29)
[考点] honour的用法
[归纳]
honour v. && n.
honour sb.在此意为“纪念某人”,也可以说 in honour of sb.，但in honour of sb.是一个介词短语不能作谓语。honour还可以用于以下句型：
It is an honour to do sth.很荣幸能干某事  如：
It was a great honour to be invited here today.
do sb. an honour / do sb. the honour (of doing sth.) 赏光（干某事）  如：
Will you do me the honour of becoming my wife?
have the honour (of) 有幸……；荣幸地  如：
May I have the honour of the next dance?
Earlier this year, I had the honour of meeting the President.
 词组句型用法全解
 1．at the mercy of sb./ sth. 受…支配
 These workers are at the mercy of the boss. 这些工人在老板的控制下。
 2．set loose 出发；开始
 They set loose in a traveling boat. 他们在游船上出发了。
 3. 主语 + be + 引导词 + 表语从句
 表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。
 The problem　   is 　　when we can get a pay rise.　      主语　  连系动词 　一个句子作表语---表语从句
 引导表语从句的词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how。如:
 注意：
 A 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
 The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
 B 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
 The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
 It looked as if he had understood this question.
 C 在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
 The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.The question is why he cried yesterday.
 D that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
 课文长句难句剖析
 1．The compass has a special magnetic pointer which always indicates the North Pole, so it is used to help find the direction that the ship needs to go.
 剖析：pointer 是先行词，which 是引导词，在从句中作主语，引导后面定语从句always indicates the North Pole；so引导后面的是结果状语从句；it作形式主语，真正的主语是to help find the direction；the direction 作为先行词，that是引导词，引导定语从句the ship needs to go。
 译文：指南针有一个特殊的磁针，始终指着北极。因此人们用它来帮助找出船只所要去的方向。
 2．Our outward voyage in the “Bounty” to Tahiti had been filled with the kind of incidents that I thought would be my stories when I returned home.
 剖析：in the “Bounty” to Tahiti 是介词短语作定语，修饰voyage；be filled with解作：充满…”；incidents是先行词，that引导后面定语从句，在从句中作主语；I thought作为插入语； when引导后面是时间状语从句。
 译文：我们乘坐“邦蒂号”出发到塔希提岛这段航程中充满了各种事件。我以为回国后可以讲这些故事。
Unit2 语法—Predicate (谓语)
 谓语表述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、数的变化。谓语大体上可以分为两类：简单谓语和复合谓语。
 简单谓语
    凡是由一个动词或短语动词构成，不管是什么时态、语态、语气，都是简单谓语。
 The plane takes off at 8 but this morning it may be delayed by the thick fog．飞机八点起飞，但今天早晨可能会被大雾耽搁。
  I have tried this way three times and failed three times．我用这种方法试了三次，失败了三次。
 复合谓语
    复合谓语一般由两部分构成：一是带不定式的复合谓语(由情态动词或某些动词加不定式结构)；一是带表语的复合谓语(由系动词或少数其他动词加表语构成)。
   I would like to invite all my friends to the get-together．我想邀请我所有的朋友去参加聚会。
   Our school becomes more beautiful and more contacted with the outside world．我们的学校变得更加漂亮，与外界的联系也更广泛了。
 英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：
 意义一致原则、语法一致原则和邻近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。
 语法一致原则
   主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。
    Mr Black is a well-known scientist on AIDS．布莱克先生是著名艾滋病科学家。
    These books are intended for children under nine years old．这些书是专门为九岁以下的儿童设计的。
 意义一致原则
 所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。
    Three months has passed since you left．(three months表示单数概念。)你已离开三个月了。
    The old are very well taken care of in our city．(the old指所有的老年人，指一类人，指复数概念。)老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。
 邻近一致原则
    邻近一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。
    Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk．(根据靠近谓语的主语he而定。)他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。
    Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home accident．(根据靠近谓语的主语his parents而定。)不是杰克而是他父母应为这个家庭事故受到责备。
考点分析：
 At last，we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _________ down to eat our picnic lunch．
     A．sitting    B．having sat    C．to sit    D．sat
   答案：D。本题考查并列谓语的选择。found与sat down应为并列谓语，而其余各项均为非谓语动词形式不能单独作谓语，解题时务必注意并列连词的作用，
  Professor Smith，along with his assistants，_______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline．
     A．work    B．working     C．is working     D．are working
    答案：C。本题考查主谓一致用法。当“主语+along with/ with/ together with + n. / pron．” 结构作主语时．其谓语动词的单复数应与主语保持一致。  因Professor Smith作主语，故应用单数谓语动词is working。

Unit 3 Australia
New words
associate 使联系；结交；合伙人；同事
associate…with 把。。。和。。。联系起来
associate with与。。。交往
associated  (adj)有关联的，有联系的
association  (n)联合；交往
adequate 适当的；足够的
be adequate for/to适合；能满足于
be adequate to do 足够做某事
adequacy (n)适合；足够
【相关链接】adequate和 enough的辨析
adequate 通常指数量上和质量上满足要求
enough偏重数量的足够
The prisoners received adequate food.犯人们领取相当好的食物。（质好或量足）
The prisoners received enough food.犯人们领取足够吃的食物。（指量）
3.defence 防卫；辩护
in defence of 保卫；保护；为。。。辩护
out of defence for 处于为。。。辩护
defence against 对。。。的防御
come/rush/leap/spring to sb’s defence挺身为某人辩白
defenceless (adj )无防御的
defend (vt)防卫；保护
4.tax (n) 税，税款，负担，压力  (vt) 对。。。征税
pay/impose/introduce/levy/put a tax on 对。。。征税
pay money in tax付税金
taxable (adj)可征税的
5.celebration (c/u)庆祝，庆典
hold a celebration 举行庆祝会
in celebration of 庆祝
celebrate(vt) sth庆祝某事
【相关链接】
congratulate (vt) sb on sth祝贺某人某事
congratulations (pl.) to sb on (doing)sth

6.tolerate 忍受，容忍
tolerate /bear/stand doing sth容许做某事
tolerance /toleration(n)忍受；容忍；宽容
tolerant (adj)忍受的；容忍的
tolerable (adj)可忍受的，可宽容的
7.migrant(c)移居者，移民，候鸟
migration(c/u)移居
migrate(vt)移居
8.out of respect处于尊敬
out of respect for出于对。。。的尊敬
as respects关于；至于
in respect to /of关于，就。。。而言
with respect恕我直言
with respect to至于，关于
in all/other/some respects在各／其他／某些方面
in every respect 在各方面
in no respect完全不
9.reservation预订；保留
make reservations for预订
cancel the reservations取消预订
without reservation 无保留地；无条件地
with some reservations 有所保留地
reserve (vt)/(n)预订；保留
reserved (adj)预订的；保留的
10.sow 播种；传播
sow the seeds of 播下。。。的种子
sow sth with sth在某地播种某物
reap as one has sown自食其果
sower (n)播种者；播种机；传播者
11.bachelor 单身汉；学士
【相关链接】Bachelor of Arts/Science文（理）学士
a bachelor’s degree学士学位
master硕士
doctor博士
12.correspond通信；符合
correspond with sb与某人通信
correspond to /with sth于某事物相一致／符合
correspondence/correspondency (n)符合；一致
correspondent (n)类似物
corresponding (adj)符合的，一致的；通讯的
13.owe感激；欠
owe sb sth/owe sth to sb欠某人某物／把某事归功于某人
owe sb for sth欠某人某物／因某事而感激某人
owe it to oneself to do sth认为自己应该／有必要做某事
owing (adj)欠着的
14.desperate不顾一切的；绝望的；极度渴望的
be desperate at 因。。。而绝望
be desperate for sth/to do sth极度渴望做某事
desperately (adv)绝望地
desperateness/desperation (n)绝望
15.shrink收缩，缩短
shrink back 退缩，畏缩
shrink from回避
shrink into oneself缩作一团；变得沉默寡言
shrink up（因害羞）畏畏缩缩
shrinkable (adj)会收缩的
shrinkage (n)收缩，缩水
16.talk…into说服。。。做
talk/persuade sb into doing sth说服某人做某事
talk /persuade sb out of (doing ) sth说服某人放弃做某事
17.wind绕；缠；弯曲
wind down完全松开，放松一下
wind off 解开，松开
wind up 卷紧，上紧。。。的发条
18.recover 痊愈；复原
recover from经历。。。以后恢复原状
recover oneself 恢复正常状态
recovery(n)复原；恢复
19.unconscious未发觉得；无意识的
be unconscious of 未察觉到；未意识到
unconsciously (adv)无意地；不知不觉地
unconsciousness (n)昏迷

Reading 1
common (adj) 共同的，普遍的，常见的
【相关链接】
 common knowledge/sense 常识
 common people 老百姓
 have sth in common with sb 与某人有共同之处
 have nothing in common with sb与某人没有共同之处
 反义词：uncommon (adj)
include (vt) 包括，包含
【相关链接】
 n/pron. +included
 including + n/pron
included (adj) :  eg. Everyone laughed , me included.(每个人都笑了，包括我)
 including (prep.) :eg. Everyone laughed, including me.
sb be famous for 某人因某种知识技能而出名
  sb be famous as 某人以某种职业身份而出名
eg1.Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity.爱因斯坦因相对论而出名。
 2.Einstein was famous as a great scientist. 爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家著称。
 Sp be famous for 某地以某种特产而出名
 Sp be famous as  以什么样的产地或地方而出名
 eg.1The area is famous for its green tea.这个地区以绿茶出名。
 2.The area is famous as a green tea producing place.这个地区是产绿茶的地区。
be popular with受。。。欢迎
eg. He is popular with his students.
be made up of : 由。。。组成
 eg. Our class is made up of 50 students.
 【相关链接】
 consist of :  由。。。组成（无进行时和被动语态）
 eg. Our class consists of 50 students.
 be made of 由。。。制成（看得见原材料）
 be made from由。。。制成（看不见原材料）
 be made in 产于某地
 be made out of 用。。。制成
 make out 辨认；理解
 make up编造，虚构，组成，构成，化妆
 make up for弥补，补偿
 make use of 利用
 make up one’s mind下决心
be located 位于
eg. The information office is located in the city center.咨询处位于市中心。
consider doing考虑做某事
eg. I am considering changing my job.
consider sb/sth to be /to do sth认为。。。
consider  sb  to have done认为某人已经做了某事
eg.We consider this (to be ) very important.
consider …（as）=regard …as=treat…as=think of …as=look on/upon …as把。。。当作
considering (prep.) 就。。。而言；考虑到
祈使句+and/or(else)+陈述句
 eg1.Go straight ahead, and you will find a supermarket.(and表并列 )
   2.Give him some food or(else) he will starve.(or“否则” )
Reading 2
home to …….产地
the majority大多数+单数动词/复数动词（强调整体时用单数动词，强调个体用复数动词）
eg The majority is /are against the plan.
a/the majority of+复数名词：谓语用复数
A/The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.
3.while [然而] eg. He is a doctor while I am a teacher.
 [当。。。时候]eg.My wife kept silent while I was writing.
 [尽管] eg.While I admit that there are some problems ,I don’t agree that they can’t be solved.
4.all but除。。。以外都；几乎，差不多
【与all相关的词组】
above all首先；最重要的
after all毕竟
all in all总的说来
all around在。。。周围，各处
all over全身
all at once突然；马上
for all尽管
5.be harmless to 对。。。无害
be harmful to (adj)=do harm to(u)对。。。有害
6.no more than 仅仅
 not more than至多，不超过
 no more…than和。。。一样不（两者的否定）
 Jack is no more diligent than John.杰克和约翰都不勤奋。
 not more…than不如。。。（前者不如后者）
Jack is not more diligent than John.杰克不如约翰勤奋。
 more than 超过；很，非常；并非
 more…than 与其说。。。倒不如说。。。
 She is more diligent than clever.与其说她聪明不如说她勤奋。
7.a handful of一把；少数
eg. She invited many friends to her party, but only a handful of them turned up.
考点点拨 考例回顾
1. While these activities might seem childish and cause laughter rather than respect, ... (P2)
[考点] while作连词时的用法。while作连词时，有三种意义高考经常涉及：（1）作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”；（2）作从属连词, 引导让步状语从句，表示转折，意为“虽然；尽管”；（3）作并列连词，表示“对比”，意为“然而”。
[考例1]
______ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive.    (山东2007)
A. As  B. Since  C. If   D. While
 [点拨] 根据句意可知两个分句之间存在转折关系, 所以应选择表示转折关系的连词；while作从属连词, 可表示转折，相当于although，意为“尽管”。
[考例2]
The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, ______ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.(天津2006)
A. since     B. when      C. as       D. while
[点拨] 前后两个分句之间存在对比关系，故选while，意为“然而”。
2. Imagine doing this for a mile! (P2)
[考点] imagine的用法。imagine的常考用法：“imagine +动词-ing形式”或“imagine + one’s / n. / pron. ＋ 动词-ing形式”，其中one’s / n. / pron.是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。imagine后不可接动词不定式作宾语。
[考例1]
—There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.
—My goodness! I can’t imagine ______ that old.  (江苏2006)
A. to be    B. to have been   
C. being        D. having been
[点拨]此题考查imagine后接动词-ing形式的用法。
[考例2]
It is difficult to imagine his ______ the decision without any consideration.(陕西2006)
A. accept  B. accepting C. to accept  D. accepted
[点拨] 此题考查imagine后接动词-ing形式复合结构的用法。
3. ..., he reaches a point where he feels he cannot physically do any more. (P3)
[考点] point, situation, case等词可表示抽象的地点，作先行词后接定语从句时，若引导词在从句中作状语, 引导词通常使用where。
[考例]
After graduation she reached a point in her career ______ she needed to decide what to do.(江西2007)
A. that      B. what       C. which  D. where
[点拨] 通过分析句子结构可知，所选项应为定语从句的引导词并在从句中作状语，故用where来引导。
4. You could not imagine a more disturbing sight than what we looked like ...  (P18)
[考点] 比较级表示最高级意义。在英语中，否定词not, no, never, nothing和比较级连用，有时可表示最高级的意义。若此时比较级修饰可数名词单数，其前要用不定冠词，即“a +形容词比较级+名词”或“a +形容词比较级+ one”，one代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。
[考例]
—Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
—Yes. I’ve never been to ______ one before. (四川2006)
A. a more excited       B. the most excited 
C. a more exciting         D. the most exciting
[点拨] 晚会是“令人兴奋的”，应用exciting，排除A、B两项；结合语境可知“这晚会是我参加过的最令人兴奋的晚会”，选C项。
5. ... a crocodile has snatched someone before he or she is even aware that ... (P28)
[考点] before作连词时的意义。before的基本含义是“在……之前”，但在不同句型中有不同的含义，还可表示“过了多久才……”。
[考例1]
—Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting？
—He rushed out of the classroom ______ I could say a word.  (四川2006)
A． before B. until  C. when  D. after 
[点拨] 句意为：他在我说话之前就跑出了教室。
[考例2]
The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ______ we meet them again. (安徽2007)
A. after B. before     C. since     D. when
[点拨] it + be + before ... 句型表示“要多久才……”。
1. date back to 追溯到， 后接点时间，在句中做谓语时， 常用一般现在时， 无被动态。＝ date from
 date back 意为“追溯; 存在”， 后接“段时间”
eg. The Great Wall of China dates back to the third century B.C.
   The beautiful folk legend dates back more than 300 years.
2. scale
n. 1)磅秤；天平盘
    a pair of scales  一台天平
    a spring scale  弹簧秤
    weigh sth. In the scale 用秤称
 2) 规模； 程度； 范围（与on 连用）on a large/ big/ vast / grand scale
3. conflict n.(c.或 u.)  / vi. 斗争
 Eg. 1) Some people feel there is a great deal of ~ between religion and science.
 2)The two parties have been in ~ since the election. .
     3) Do British law ~with any international laws?
4. tight adj. 紧的； 紧密的
  a ~ knot  打的紧紧的结
  a ~ rope  绷紧的绳索
 a ~ ship  不漏水的船
 My shoes are too ~
5. seal n. 1) 海豹 2）封口； 封条
     vt. 封闭
 eg. ~ an envelop
 My lips are sealed, I won’t tell you. 我现在守口如瓶， 不会告诉你的。
6. appeal to(prep.) sb. 对……有吸引力
  appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁
  appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事
eg. This idea ~ed to his father.
   We are ~ing to the government for food and clothes.
   The government is ~ing everyone to save the water.
 7. attach sth. to (prep.) 把…… 系在……上
  attach to 与…… 有联系
 attach importance/ significance
  / value/ weight … to sth. 认为……有重要性(意义,价值, 分量)
 be attached to 爱慕…… 依恋……; 附属于……
 Eg.1)Please ~ this label to the bottle.
    2) Do you live in a bedroom with a bathroom attached?
   3) This institute is ~ed to the University of Texas. 这个研究所附属于得州大学.
 4) I am very much ~ed to that old car.
 5) Most people attach great importance to their children’s education.
8. distant adj. 远的  a ~ relative
  distance n. 远方; 距离
            in the distance
            at a distance
             keep sb. at a ~ (对某人)   保持距离
 9. fluency n. 流利
   fluent  adj. 流利的
   flu   n. 流感
  speak English with fluency
  speak fluent English
10. botany  (u. n. )  植物学
 Botany Bay 植物湾
   botanist  (c.n.)  植物学家
   botanical  adj.  植物学的
 ~garden  植物园
11. beard  n. 下巴上的胡须
 wear a ~  留胡须
  mustache n. 唇上的胡须
  whiskers  n. 脸颊的胡子
Warming –up and reading
1. adapt to
 adapt (oneself) to
 be adapted to
 eg. Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.
 We adapted ourselves to the hot weather.
2. Sb. be familiar with sth.
  Sth. be familiar to sb.
Eg. He is familiar with the plant’s names.=  The plant’s names are familiar to him.
 3. 比较：far away,    far-away,
 far away from   far from
far away 作表语或状语； away 可以省去； 也可作后至定语。
far-away 作前至定语
far away from 只表距离， away 可省去。
far from 除表距离外， 还有“远远不， 完全不， 并非”之意， 后接名词， 动名词或形容词
  eg. They don’t live far(away).
     They live at a far-away place.
     The school is far(away) from my house.
 I am far from ( being) happy in my present job. 一点也不满意
――Are you cold?
---- Far from it! 怎么会（反而有点热）
4. as  作关系代词
  Eg. He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.
      Don’t read such books as you don’t understand.
     As is known to all, China is stronger and stronger.
 5. times  1） 时代   in modern times/ fall behind times
        2) 境况， 日子， 时势 Times have been good since 1980.
        3) 倍数， 次数
 6. bring back / up/ in / about/ ~ sb. back to life
 7. send away 把……送往别处, 解雇, 打发走
   Eg. He sent his son away to school in Germany.
  send up / for/ off = see off / out (发送, 发出)
 8. opportunity  (C; U) 机会; 良机
   have an ~ to do sth./ doing sth.
   catch/ seize/ take an ~
   give/ offer an ~
 比较: opportunity/ chance
  Opportunity 多指特殊的机会, 含期待的意味, 而chance多指偶然的机会, 含侥幸之意; 有时可互换. 但chance 还可表可能性
  Eg. There is a chance that he may be alive.
 9. introduce A to B 把A 介绍给B
   Introduce oneself
   Introduce … into/ in sp.  把某物引进某地
 10. purpose:
    on purpose
    with the purpose of 
    for the purpose of
    What’s the purpose of doing sth?
    to the purpose 中肯地
 11. ruin vt. 毁灭; 毁坏 + 宾语   n. (C.) 废墟’ 遗迹 复数加 s
       (U.) 毁坏, 破坏
  Eg. She poured water all over my painting and ~ed it.
   We saw the ~s of the church.
   Drink led to his ~. 酗酒把他毁了.
 短语: in ruins 成为废墟  / go into ruin/ come into ruin(毁灭) /ruin one’s hope
 Reading 2
 12.over time 经过一段时间
 Eg. Can you stay over Sunday?
 13. reward n. 报酬,报答, 奖赏
          Vt. 奖赏,酬劳
 Eg. She got nothing in ~ for his kindness.
     He got a ~ of $ 500.
     I shall ~ him for his device.
     His labor were ~ed with good fruit.他的努力获得了美好的成果.
 14. pass on to 传递
    Eg. Read the letter and pass it on to him.
   pass away 去世  pass by
 15. 合成词:
    long- tongued / light-colored / tube-shaped /  
Unit 5 Words and expressions
billboard(n.)(户外)布告板；广告牌
bill(n.) 帐单；钞票；议案；法案
   (vt.) 给……送帐单；用招贴做广告
 board (n.) 板；膳食 on board 乘坐轮船/ 飞机/ 汽车；在船/ 飞机/ 汽车上
 broad (adj.)宽阔的
 abroad (adv.) 在国外；到国外go /study / live abroad
2. casual (adj.) 偶然的；随意的；临时的
 (n.) 偶尔做某事者；兼职工；临时工；便服
 casually (adv.)偶然地；随意地；临时地
  casualness (n.)偶然
 casual clothes便装     casual occasions 非正式场合
 casual meeting巧遇    casual workers临时工
turn… into 把……变成；把……译成；进入;把车开进
 turn the frog into a handsome prince
turn English into Chinese= translate English into Chinese
turn into= come into / enter  / drive a car into
advertise(n.)登广告者;广告客户
 advertise (vt./ vi.)宣传;为……做广告
 advertise sth. on Tv.在电视上宣传……
 advertise for 为征求……登广告
 advertising(n.) advertisement(n.)
inform (vt.)通知；告诉
  inform sb. of / about sth. 通知某人某事
  inform oneself of / about sth. 使自己了解 / 熟悉某事
  inform against / on sb.告发 / 检举某人
  informed (adj.)见闻广的；了解情况的
  information (n.)消息；情报；见闻
 informative (adj.)报告消息的；提供情报的
target (n.) 目标；对象；靶子
hit / miss the target射中/ 没有射中靶子
fit into使适合
fit in安插；相处融洽；适应
  fit in with适合；符合；配合；适应 
 fit… to…使合……的身；使……适应；使……适合
9. basis (n.)基础；根据  base (n.)根基；基础；基座
 basic (adj.)基础的；根本的
 technique(n.)[u]技术；技巧 [c ]手法；技法
  technology (n.)[ u]科学/ 工业技术；工艺学；应用科学
  technical (adj.)技术的；技巧的；专门的
feature (n.)特征；特色；容貌的一部分
 (vi.)以……为特色；特写
a feature on sb. / sth.关于某人 /某物的特写
feature in 在……中起重要作用 /  占重要地位
featureless(adj.) 无特色的
featured (adj.) 被作为特色的
12. conscience (n.)良心；道德心
   for conscience sake为求安心
   in (all) conscience 正当地；凭良心
13. worthy (adj.) 有价值的；可敬的；值得的；应得的；相称的
   be worthy of sb. / sth.值得……的
   be worthy to be done / be worthy of being done值得做
    worthy可作定语或表语。作定语时，意为“值得尊敬或赏识的；作表语时，意为“值得的 ”其后常接of sth.，也可接不定式。
 worth只用作表语，不用作定语，表示“有……价值”其后接-ing的主动形式表示“值得(做)”，不接不定式。
  worthwhile可作定语或表语，意为“值得的；值得花时间、钱或精力的”可用在句型  It is worthwhile…中，其后接-ing形式或不定式作真正的主语。
 14. expense(n.)费用；代价
   at any expense= at any cost不管花多少钱；不管牺牲多大
   at the expense of 牺牲……; 付出……的代价
 15.. broadcast ( n.) 广播；播音；广播节目；电视节目
 (vt.) 广播；播送；播放
     broadcaster (n.) 广播电台；电视台；广播公司；广播员
16.. rely vi.)依赖；信赖
    rely on / upon sb / sth.依赖/ 信赖某人/ 某物
    rely on sb. / sth to do sth. / doing sth依靠某人/ 某物做某事
    reliable (adj.)可靠的；可信赖的；确实的
  reliability(n.)可靠性；可靠度 reliance(n.)依赖；依靠；信赖
17. response(n.)回答；响应；反应
   in response to作为(对……)的回答/ 反应
  respond (vi.)作答；回答；响应；有反应
  respondent (adj.)回答的；应答的；有反应的
            (n.)回答者；响应者
  responder(n.) 应答者；反应者
18. have no use for不需要；厌恶；对……不耐烦
   be of great / no use 很有/ 没有用
   come into use 开始被使用
   make use of 利用
   in use在使用着
   go / fall out of use不再被使用；被废弃
   put… to use使用；利用
   use up 用完；耗尽
19. refresh (vt.)使(精神)振作；使恢复；更新
   refresh sb’s memory使某人重新想起
   refresh oneself恢复精力
   refresher (n.)提神物；可帮助记忆的事物
    refreshing (adj.)使精力恢复的；使人清爽的；使人耳目一新的；使人喜欢的
   refreshment (n.)恢复；爽快；使恢复精力的事物；茶点；饮料
20. partly (adv.) 部分地；在一定程度上
21. murder (vt.)谋杀 ( n.) 谋杀；谋杀案
    murderer (n.)杀人犯；凶手 murderee (n.)被谋杀者；谋杀对象 murderous(adj.) 杀人的；残忍的；造成凶杀的；非常危险的
 22. actress 女演员  actor男演员 
a film / stage actor电影/ 舞台演员
23. typist (n.)打字员 typewriter(n.)打字机
  typewriting(n.)打字；打字术
 24. fluent (adj.)流利的；流畅的 fluently (adv.)流利地；流畅地 fluency (n.)流利；流畅
 25. hostess (n.) 女主人 host 主人；东道主；（大会等的）主持人 guest客人
 26. appoint (vt.)任命；约定；指定
    appoint sb. (as) sth.任命某人为某职
    appoint sb. to do sth.任命某人做某事
    appointment (n.) make an appointment 约会keep the appointment 践约cancel the appointment取消约会
    appointive(adj.) 委任的
    appointee(n.)被任命人
    appointor (n.)指定人
 27. raise (vt.)  (n.) raise rise
 28. mature (adj.)成熟的；到期的；成年人的；慎重的
  (vt.)使成熟； 使长成；使完善
  (vi.)成熟；长成；到期
    maturely (adv.)成熟地；到期地
    maturity(n.)成熟；到期；到期日；壮年
 29. fashion (n.)样式；流行；时尚
    come into fashion流行；时兴
    be all (the) fashion极时髦
    be in (the) fashion合于时尚
    be / go out of (the) fashion不合于时尚
    follow (the) fashion赶时髦
    fashionable(adj.)流行式样的；赶时髦的；上流社会的
 30. dishonest (adj.)不诚实的 honest诚实的
to be honest= honestly speaking坦白地说；老实说
    honesty(n.) 诚实；真诚；公正；坦率
   Honesty is the best policy .诚实为上策。
 31. alcoholic(adj.)酒精的；含酒精的 (n.)酗酒者；酒鬼
    alcohol(n.)酒精；酒  alcoholism(n.)酗酒；酒精中毒
 32. ban(n.)禁令 (vt.)禁止；取缔
    a ban on sth.对某事的禁令
    ban sb. from (doing) sth.禁止某人做某事
 33. promote(vt.)促进；提升
    promote sb. from sth.to sth.把某人由……提升到
    promotion(n.)促进；增进；提升；晋级
    promoter(n.)促进者；助长者；起促进作用的事物
 34. immoral不道德的；邪恶的  moral道德的/ 道义的
   moralist 道德家； 道义家
35. offending (adj.)   offend(vt.)冒犯；触怒；使不快
   sb. be offended by/ at / with 某人被……冒犯/ 因……而不快
   offend sb. by / with sth.
   offense (n.)违反；不礼貌 offender (n.)违反；犯罪者
 36. beware(vt.)小心；谨防
   beware of sb / sth.当心某人/ 某物
   beware of doing sth.当心做某事