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过去分词作定语

Ⅰ．前置与后置的特征：

一般单个的过去分词作定语要放在所修饰的名词之前，过去分词短语作定语要放在所修饰的名词之后。如：

1. a used stamp     一枚用过的邮票         2. fallen leaves      落叶     

3. a novel written by Lao She      一本老舍写的小说

4. the letter sent to the manager       那封寄给经理的信

【针对训练】

(1) We lived in the house           （我舅舅们建的）

(2) Any medicine        (服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble .

(3) We spent two hours discussing the plan          （她制定的）

(4)             water（开水）

(5)                 （一个破碎的茶杯）

(6) three           （受伤的）soldiers

Ⅱ．语态特征：

过去分词表被动含义；(现在分词表主动含义) 　如：

an exciting story 令人激动的故事　(主)　the excited people情绪激动的人们　(被)

a moving film 　一部感人的影片   (主)　　a moved audience受感动的观众 　(被)

the exploiting class剥削阶级　    (主)　　the exploited class 被剥削阶级    (被)

surprising news  令人惊讶的消息 (主)  a surprised man　受惊的人们      (被)

1. The government decided to rebuild the damaged bridge.    政府决定重新修复那座被毁坏的大桥。

2. Your letter dated March 10 has been received. 　您10号的来信已收悉。

3. What’s the language spoken in Germany?     德国讲什么语言。

【针对训练】

(7) Most of the people       （被邀请参加宴会的）were famous scientists .

(8) Lessons        （易学）are soon forgotten .

(9) The computer center       （开办）last year is very popular among the students in this school.

 

Ⅲ．时间关系上的特征：

过去分词往往表示已经完成的动作．(现在分词往往表示正在进行的动作.)

boiling water          正在开的水              boiled water           已经煮开过的水

the changing world     变化中的世界       the changed world      变化了的世界

the developing countries 发展中国家     the developed countries  发达国家

falling snow            正在下的雪　　fallen snow             落在地上的雪

※ 过去分词作定语,表被动,表已完成的动作；现在分词的被动式也可作定语,表被动，但表示正在进行的动作．

The bridge being built will be important in this area’s traffic.    

正在建造的这座桥在该地区的交通中将起重要作用．

The bridge built last year has played an important part in this area’s traffic.                        去年建造的这座桥在该地区的交通中起了重要作用．

IV. 扩展成句的特征：

过去分词作定语常可扩展为一个定语从句。如：

1. That report about the village is the best of its kind ever written ( = that has ever been written ) .                  那篇报道是同类中迄今最好的一篇。

2. He is fond of the food cooked by your mother (= which has been cooked by your mother).                            他很喜欢你妈妈做的饭菜。

【针对训练】（用定语从句完成句子）

(10) Have you ever been to the place of interest          （我上个月参观的）？

(11) The worker           （一条腿受伤的）lay under the tree .

V．构词复合词的特征：

有时通过一个名词或数词加另一词的过去分词可构成生动形象的复合形容词。如：

1. a three-legged desk 一张三条腿的桌子

2. a one-eyed general  一个独眼的将军

3. an honest-faced man 一个长相诚实的男人

4. five blued-eyed foreigners 五个蓝眼睛的外国人

 

【针对练习】

(12)            （头脑冷静的）men often succeed.

(13) You should thank that           （心地善良的）girl。                                 

(14) a（热心肠的）           leader

(15) ten（中年）          women doctors

 

1. built by my uncles   2. taken         3. made by her        4. boiled          5. a broken cup       6. wounded     7. invited to the part   8. learned easily  9. opened/started                    10. I visited last month                  11. who was wounded in the leg          (= whose leg was wounded)                    12. Cool-headed     13. kind-hearted   14. warm-hearted   15. middle-aged

过去分词作表语

1. 过去分词作表语具有被动含义，＂感到 ．．．的＂；表主语的感受或状态，主语多为人．

现在分词作表语具有主动含义，＂令人 ．．．的＂；表主语的性质，且主语多为物．

interesting 使人感兴趣的；      interested  感兴趣的

exciting   令人激动的；            excited    感到激动的

delighting 令人高兴的          delighted  感到高兴的

disappointing 令人失望的        disappointed 感到失望的

encouraging  令人鼓舞的         encouraged  感到鼓舞的

pleasing     令人愉快的             pleased      感到愉快的

puzzling   令人费解的            puzzled    感到费解的

satisfying  令人满意的            satisfied    感到满意的

surprising 令人惊异的            surprised  感到惊异的

worrying   令人担心的           worried    感到担心的

How disappointed he felt at the result of the election.                         （他感到失望）

How disappointing he is. He should not have failed in such an election.         （他令人失望）

2. 作表语的过去分词表状态；构成被动语态的过去分词表动作．

The book is well written.  (表)　　　　这本书写得很好．

The book was written by a soldier. (被动)这本书是一位战士写的．

3. 作表语的现在分词表特性；进行时态中的现在分词表动作．

The situation is encouraging. (表)　　　形势令人鼓舞．

The situation is encouraging us to study hard.                  (进行时态)

   形势正鼓舞我们努力学习．

 

随堂练习

用所给单词的适当形式填空

1. They tried to send the       (injure) boy to hospital.

2. In autumn you can see many       __ (fall) leaves here and there.

3. If you don' t have enough money, you can go to have a look at the       (use).

4. We lived in the house        (build) by my father.

5. Let' s try the bookstore        (open) last month.

6. The streets are        (crowd) so it's hard to cross.

7. Fishing is not        __ (interest). I am not really       (interest) in fishing.

8. The match was       (excite). The crowd got very        (excite).

9. The boy is so        (disappoint) he has failed in the exam again. His parents are __ (disappoint) in the boy.

10. This is an       (inspire) speech. All the students were       (inspire).

【参考答案】

1. injured   2. fallen     3. used        4. built     5. opened    6. crowed    7. interesting; interested              8. exciting; excited                   9. disappointing; disappointed         10. inspiring; inspired