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1.augment   v.to make greater as in size ,quantity,or strength,to large.扩大，增加，增大。

Eg. He augmented his income by taking a second job.

2．amelioration  n. improvement; betterment. 改善，改良。

3. undue  adj. excessive; immoderate.  过度的；过分的

4.overriding  adj.prevailing 高于一切的

5. amorphous  adj. vague; without definite form  模糊的，无定形

eg. an amorphous mass of cues

6. to succer:   v. to give assistance to in times of need or distress; to help; to aid   救助；救援；帮助

7.gainful   adj  profitable  有利益的，有报酬的

eg.  A gainful job

8.subsidize  v. 给补助金；资助

eg.taxpayers should not subsidized a golf course

9.tranquility: n.平静，安静，宁静

eg.the tranquility of the forest helps me relax.

10.reflect on: to think carefully 认真思考

eg.She felt she needed time to reflect on what to do next.

11.to take on:(1)to assume 装出；表现（某种性质，外表）

               eg.The chamelon can take on the colors of its backgound  

           (2).to undertake 从事，担任

eg.You have take on too much.

12.perilously adv. 危险地，艰难地.

13.ailment n. an illness that is not very serious. 轻病；小恙.

14.preoccupation n.①a state of think about sth. continuously;    盘算；思虑

               ②sth.that you think about frequently or for a long time.  长久思考的事情

15.meek adj. quiet, gentle, and always ready to do what other people want without expressing your own opinion.   温顺的；谦恭的；驯服的

16.utilitarianism n. the belief that the right course of action is the one that will produce the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people. 实用主义；功利主义

  utilitarian adj.①实用的，功利的，实惠的

                    ②（哲） 实用主义的，功利主义的

  utility n.①实用；效用；有用 the quality of being useful

                   ②a service provided for the public  公用事业

                   ③a piece of computer software that performs a particular task  应用程序，实用程序， 公用程序

       adj.多用途的；多效用的，多功能的   e.g. a utility vehicle

17.fecundity n.

  fecund adj.①able to produce a lot of children, crops…

           ②producing  new and useful things ,especially ideas  有发明创造力的；（尤指）能提出新颖想法的

18.beholder n.目睹者，旁观者

19.condemnatory adj.责难的，处罚的

20. notion n.概念，观念 

21.bureaucrat n. an official who works in a government department and who follows all the rules carefully, perhaps too carefully. 官僚，官僚主义者

22.morale n. a confident state of mind, especially in a bad situation. （尤指在逆境中）士气，精神面貌

23.inflict v. to force something unwanted or unpleasant on somebody. 把（不需要，不愉快的）某事物强加于某人；使遭受打击，使吃苦

24.manifestation n. a sign showing that something exists or is happening. ①表示，表明 ②显现

25.adverse adj. unfavorable to you. 不利的，反对的，反面的

26.transparent adj.  ①able to be seen through 透明的 ②clearly recognized 清晰易辨的

27.tranquility n. 平静，安静，安宁

28.louse up  to deal unsuccessfully with something 把…弄糟或弄坏

e.g. You’ve really loused things up this time.

29.replete with  well-filled or plentifully supplied 饱食，备足的

e.g. lions (replete with their kill) 捕获猎物后吃得饱饱的狮子

   a house(replete with every modern convenience) 现代化设备一应俱全的房子

30. compassion: sympathy 同情