连词与非谓语形式连用的几种情况

一、 连词与现在分词连用的情况

   1．when, while, before, after, since, whenever等与现在分词连用，表示时间。

      When sleeping, I never hear anything.睡觉时我什么都听不到。

　　　Be careful when crossing the street.过街时要当心。

　 2. though, although, even if, whether… or 等与现在分词连用，表示让步。

　　　Although working his fingers to the bone, John still couldn’t make enough money to pay off his debts.约翰虽然拼命干活，但挣的钱还是不够还债。

　　　He had always intended to visit him, though to the last, always assuring his wife that he would not go. 他一直想去拜访他，尽管他一直告诉妻子说他不会去。

　 3. if, once, even if, unless 等与现在分词连用，表示真实的条件。

　　　Even if receiving visitors, patients must observe normal hospital rules.即使接待客人时，病人也必须遵守正常的医院规章制度。

　　　Unless meeting with unexpected difficulties at the office today, I shall be home early.除非今天在办公室遇到意外的困难，　否则我会早一点回家。

　 4. as if, as though 等与现在分词连用，表示行为方式和伴随状况。

　　　Alice stopped speaking as if waiting for him to speak.爱丽丝停止说话，仿佛在等他说话。

　　　He bent down as if tightening his shoelaces. 他弯下腰好像在系鞋带。

　 5. thus, thereby 等与现在分词连用，　表示结果。

　　　We hope the new machine will work faster, thus reducing our costs. 我们希望机器会操作快点，这样可以降低成本。

      He became a citizen, thereby gaining the right to vote. 他成了公民，因此有投票权。

二、连词与过去分词连用的情况

　 1. when, whenever, while, once, until 等与过去分词连用，表示时间。

　　　The dictionary will look nice when printed.这本词典印出来时会很好看。

　　　Once printed, this dictionary will be very popular. 一旦出版，这本词典会分厂畅销。

　 2. where, wherever 等与过去分词连用，表示地点。

　　　Rats should be exterminated where found. 老鼠一经发现，应就地消灭。

　 3. if, unless 等与过去分词连用，　表示条件。

　　　If heated to a high temperature, water will change to vapor. 如果加高温度，　水会变成蒸汽。

   4. though, although, even though, even if 等与过去分词连用，表示让步。

　　　Although told to stop, he kept on working. 虽然叫他停下来，　他还是继续工作。

　　  Though surrounded by the enemies, the fighters were not discouraged.尽管被包围，　战士们并不气馁。

    5. as, as if 等与过去分词连用，　表示方式。

　　　He threw himself from the horse and lay still as if shot. 他从马上摔下来，　躺着不动，　好像中了子弹。

　　　He stood as if rooted to the ground. 他像钉在地上般地站着。

三、连接副词与动词不定式连用的情况：

　  1. 连接副词 when, where, how, whether… or 与带 to 的动词不定式连用，　在句子中可作主语、　宾语、宾语补足语、表语等；why　与不带to 的动词不定式连用，why  (not) do 这个结构常常用来表示建议。

　　　Ask him when to open the door.问他什么时候把门打开。

　　　Ask him where to go.　问他去哪儿。

　　2. 连词as if 与动词不定式连用，表示行为方式。

　　　He shook his head as if (he wanted) to say “No.”. 他摇头好像是（想）要说“不”。

　　　He opened his mouth as if to speak. 他张张口，像要说些什么。