一．     增词

▲.Be a place what it may, one gets to like it, if one lives long in it. 。

译文3：无论什么地方，住久了就会喜欢的。

 英译汉 ：

增词为了意义完整

1）If you think you are beaten, you are.

译文:如果你自认为打败了，你就真的给打败了。

2）Instead of defeating us, they were overpowered by us.

译文:不是他们打败我们，反而是我们打败了他们。

3).He wanted to learn, to know, and to teach.

译文:他想学习，增长知识，并且愿意把自己的知识教授给别人。

4).Kurt spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.

译文2:库尔特又冷又饿，在风雪中熬过了七天七夜。

增加汉语范畴：

5）.The leader of the department came to him to the undertake the persuasion

系里的领导来找他做说服工作。

6). Commission depends on the quantity of goods ordered.
佣金的多少取决于订货量的大小。

7). Most people in America, minority people in particular, are convinced that injustices exist in their economic system.

大多数美国人，尤其是少数民族，都相信美国经济制度中存在不公正现象。

汉译英：

语法增词

8）困难终于克服了，大家都很高兴。

译文:When the difficulty was eventually overcome, everyone was happy.

9) 早知道他有病，我就不会叫他来了。

If I had known he was ill, I would not have asked him to come.

10）理论联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。

That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.

为了意义的完整

11).公司里一半以上的雇员表示要在今年买车。

译文：More than half of the employees in the company have expressed their desire to buy a car this year.

译译看：

12）She was a tireless activist for racial and sexual equality. She was complex. Her main massage was and is，“We’re like everybody else. And it’s OK to be ourselves（the blind）.”

她是一个孜孜不倦的活动家，提倡种族和男女平等。她思想丰富而深邃(sui). 她传递的信息过去是，现在依然是，“我们和别人一样。我们成为盲人没什么不好。”（99/9）

13) Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.

热情的主人又是切肉，又是倒茶，又是上菜，又是切面包，谈啊，笑啊，敬酒啊，忙个不停。。

14）交出译文之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。这样你才能把工作做好。

Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well.

二、  减词

英译汉：

化繁为简

1）There was no snow, but the leaves were gone from the trees and the grass was dead.

译文1：天还未还没有雪，但是叶子已经从树上落下，草也枯死了。

译文2：雪还没下，但已叶落草枯。  

2) Never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you.

不要自找麻烦。

3) The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others.

与人同乐才是真快乐。

汉译英

省去范畴词

4）大会准备工作在继续进行。

译文:Preparations for the conference continued.

5).多年来，该国存在严重的失业现象。

译文:For many years, there has been serious unemployment in that country.

6).关于利用外资问题，我要讲的就这些。

译文:On utilization of foreign capital, that’s all I have to say.

7）一些地区的紧张态势依然存在。(同上)

8).科学技术突飞猛进，给亚洲的发展带来了新的机遇，也带来了新的挑战。

译文:The rapid advance of science and technology has presented both new opportunities and challenge to the development of Asia.

9).经济全球化使南北的发展差距、贫富差距进一步扩大。

.译文:Economic globalization has widened the gap between North and the South and between the rich and the poor.

10)要集中全国人民的智慧和力量，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展。

We will pool wisdom and strength of the people of the whole and concentrate on construction and development.

课堂练习1：

1).I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a total stranger with the announcement that I was going to sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky, till another boat came in to take me to the port for which I was bound. （增）
我要去见一个素不相识的陌生人，向他宣布我得住在他家、吃他的、喝他的，一直等到下一班船到来，把我带到我要去的港口为止──想到这儿，我真有点不好意思了。

2). These early cars were slow, clumsy, and inefficient. （增）
译文：这些早期的汽车速度缓慢，行动笨拙，效率不高。

3)．中国人民从入世中受益，亚洲和各国人民也将从中受益。(The Chinese people will benefit from China's entry into the WTO, and so will the people of other countries in Asia and the world.)

5) 做好人才培养、使用和引进工作。

We’ll work to train people well, put them to best use and attract trained and qualified personal.

6) The Chinese philosopher is one who dreams with one eye open, who views life with love and sweet irony, who mixes his cynicism with a kindly tolerance, and who alternately wakes up from life s dream and then nods again, feeling more alive when he is dreaming than when he is awake, thereby investing his waking life with a dream-world quality. 中国哲学家是一个睁着一只眼睛做梦的人，是一个用爱及温和的嘲讽来观察人生的人，是一个把他的玩世主义和慈和的宽容心混合起来的人，是一个有时由梦中醒来，有时又睡了过去的，在梦中比在醒时更觉得生气蓬勃，因而在他清醒的生活中放进了梦意的人。他睁着一只眼，闭着一只眼，看穿了他周遭所发生的事情和他自己的努力的徒然，可是还保留着充分的现实感去走完人生的道路。他很少幻灭，因为他没有虚幻的憧憬，很少失望，因为他从来没有怀着过度的希望。他的精神就是这样解放了的。