Some words we would call not so much colorful as colored¡ªthat is, loaded with associations, good or bad.

一些不是很生动的词汇，我们称之为“有感情色彩的”，这些词都负载着联想意义。

All words¡ªexcept perhaps structure words¡ªhave associations of some sort.

除了结构词，可能所有的词汇都有某些联想意义。

We have said that the meaning of a word is the sum of the contexts in which it occurs.

我们说这些词的词义是所处情境的综合。

When we hear a word, we hear with it an echo of all the situations in which we have heard it before.

当听到一个词时，我们会回想起以前听到这个词时的所有情境。

In some words, these echoes are obvious and discussable.

对一些词汇来说，这些反应是显而易见,很容易解释的。

The word mother, for example, has, for most people, agreeable associations.

例如“母亲”这个词，对大多数人来说，联想意义是一致的。

When you hear mother you probably think of home, safety, love, food, and various other pleasant things.

听到“母亲”这个词时，你可能会联想到家、安全、爱、食物和其他不同的令人愉快的事物。

If one writes, "she was like a mother to me", he gets an effect which he would not get in "She was like an aunt to me". The advertiser makes use of the associations of mother by working it in when he talks about his product.

一个人写到“她就像我的母亲”，收到的效果是“她就像我的阿姨”这句话达不到的。广告商在推销他的商品时，会用到“母亲”这个词的联想意义。

The politician works it in when he talks about himself.

政治要人在讲述自己的故事时，也会用到。

So also with such words as home, liberty, fireside, contentment, patriot, tenderness, sacrifice, childlike, manly, bluff, limpid.

还有一些这样的词，例如家、自由、壁炉旁、满足、爱国者、温柔、牺牲、天真、有男子气、坦率和清澈。

All of these words are loaded with favorable associations that would be rather hard to indicate in a straightforward definition.

这些词汇都负载着积极的联想意义，但是很难给出一个清晰的定义。

There is more than a literal difference between "They sat around the fireside" and "They sat around the stove".They might have been equally warm and happy around the stove, but fireside suggests leisure, grace, quiet tradition, congenial company, and stove does not.

“他们围坐在壁炉旁”和“他们围坐在暖炉旁”不仅仅是在文字上的不同。在暖炉旁，人们也许会同样的温暖和快乐，但是壁炉暗含着悠闲、感恩、安宁、舒适，这些是暖炉不能表现的。