荷叶田田，我们的BLOG

    对中国行政法学来说，现在不但是一个继续引进的时代，也是一个开始输出的时代。在向外国同行介绍中国法律的时候，常常碰到如何翻译词汇的问题。中国行政法学多元的外国法渊源以及中国在建构行政法体系中自创的词汇，都增加了翻译的难度。即使一些汉英法律词典，在术语使用上也有不规范、不统一的问题。下面所列的，是我在给外国学生讲授中国行政法的过程中整理的一些关键词的英译。在整理过程中，自然参考了现成的翻译，也得益于与中国法专家 Thomas Kellogg（郭汤姆）和 Jamie Horsley（贺诗礼）等人的讨论。希望通过这种双向的交流，今后能够提供一份更加全面和精准的术语表。

Legislations and Documents

law 法律
regulation 法规
   administrative regulation 行政法规
   local regulation 地方性法规
administrative rule 行政规章
   departmental rule 部门规章
   local rule 地方政府规章
regulatory document / normative document 行政规定（法律、法规、规章以外的规范性文件）
administrative discipline 行政纪律

regulations 条例、法规
provisions 规定
measures  办法
 
Administrative Compulsory Enforcement Law 《行政强制法》
Administrative License Law 《行政许可法》
Administrative Litigation Law 《行政诉讼法》
Administrative Penalty Law 《行政处罚法》
Administrative Procedure Law 《行政程序法》
Administrative Reconsideration Law 《行政复议法》
Administrative Supervision Law 《行政监察法》

Interpretation on some Issues concerning the Enforcement of Administrative Litigation Law of PRC 《贯彻实施<中国人民共和国行政诉讼>若干问题的解释》
Law on the Administrative Punishment of Public Security 《治安管理处罚法》
Measures on Detention and Repatriation of Urban Vagrants 1982 《城市流浪乞讨人员收容遣送办法》
Outlines of Advancing Administrative Rule of Law in All Perspectives 《全面推进依法行政实施纲要》
Regulations on Complaint Letters and Visits 《信访条例》
State Compensation Law 《国家赔偿法》
 
 
State Organs and Parties

National People’s Congress Standing Committee 全国人民代表大会常务委员会（全国人大常委会）
NPC Standing Committee Legal (Legislative) Affairs Office 全国人大常委会法制工作委员会（法工委）
Political-Legal Committee 政法委员会（政法委）
 
Judiciary 司法机关
Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院
High Court 高级法院
Intermediate Court 中级法院
Ground (Basic-level / Grassroots) Court 基层法院
Adjudication committee 审判委员会
Administrative Division 行政庭
Collegiate panel 合议庭
 
administrative organ 行政机关
State Council 国务院
State Council Legal (legislative) Affairs Office 国务院法制办公室（国务院法制办）
Provincial Government 省级政府
   the government of province
   the government of autonomous region
   the government of city directly under the Central Government
City Government/ 市政府
cities directly under the central government 直辖市
larger cities approved as such by the State Council 国务院批准的较大的市
County Governments 县政府
Township Governments/ Town Governments 乡（镇）政府
governments at or above the county level 县级以上人民政府
 
plenary session (meeting) of the government 政府全体会议
executive session (meeting) of the government 政府常务会议
ministerial session 部务会议
a session of the commission 委员会会议
the Gazette of the State Council《国务院公报》

next higher level 上一级
the competent department at a higher level 上级政府相关部门
the common administrative organ at a higher level 共同上级行政机关
vertical management system 垂直管理
 
Departments under the State Council/ departmental organs of the State Council 国务院组成部门
Ministry/ Commission （国务院的）部、委员会
departments/ bureaus （省级政府的）厅，（国务院部委的）司、局
divisions （厅局内的）处
 
organization authorized by law or regulations 法律、法规授权的组织
the authorized (empowered) organization
administrative public affairs
organization entrusted by an administrative organ 受委托的组织
the entrusting organ 委托的组织
assigned organ 派出机构
undertaking department/unit/office 承办单位
 
public servant/ civil servants/ functionaries/ personnel 公务员
leading member of the organ 行政机关领导人员
government official in charge of the matter 分管负责人
the person directly in charge 负有直接责任的主管人员
the person directly responsible for 直接责任人员
 
claimant to compensation 赔偿请求人
organ liable for compensation 赔偿义务机关
 
participants in litigation 诉讼参与人
parties to the dispute/matter 当事人
plaintiff/ complainant/ applicant 原告
close (near relative) 近亲属
defendant/ the defending party被告
third party 第三人
representative (agent) 代理人
legal representative 法定代理人
agent ad litem 诉讼代理人
 

Actions

administrative act / action 行政行为
   internal/ external ～ 内部行政行为/ 外部行政行为
   abstract/ concrete（specific）～ 抽象行政行为/ 具体行政行为
   ～ under litigation 被诉行政行为
 
administrative adjudication 行政裁决
administrative decision-making 行政决策
administrative guidance 政指导
administrative handling 行政处理
administrative license (permit) 行政许可
administrative mediation 行政调解
administrative penalty (punishment) 行政处罚
   decision on ~ 行政处罚决定
   warning 警告
   fine 罚款
   confiscation of illegal gains 没收非法所得
   confiscation of unlawful property or things of value 没收非法财物
   ordering for suspension of production or business 责令停止生产或者营业
   temporary suspension of permit or license 暂扣许可证或者执照
   revocation/ rescission of permit or license 吊销许可证或者执照
   administrative detention 行政拘留
   re-education through labor (rehabilitation through labor) 劳动教养
put right illegal act 纠正
 
administrative coercion 行政强制
compulsory administrative measures 行政强制措施
   sealing up property 查封
   distraining (seizing) property 扣押
   freezing bank account 冻结
   restriction of the freedom of person 限制人身自由
   compulsory administrative enforcement (execution) 行政强制执行
perform the judgment/ decision of administrative review 履行
 
disciplinary sanction 行政处分
   administrative warning 行政警告
   recording of demerit 记过
   recording of major demerit 记大过
   demotion of grade 降级
   dismissal from post 撤职
   discharge 开除
   circulate a notice of criticism 通报批评
   order to mend one's ways 责令改正
   removal from office 免职
 
administrative litigation (judicial review) 行政诉讼
administrative reconsideration (review) 行政复议
complaint letters and visits (petitions) 信访
complaints, suits 投诉
reports 举报
 
administrative compensation 行政赔偿
expropriation of property 征收财产
requisition of property 征用财产
 
modify /amend/ alter 变更
revoke/ quash/ annul/ invalidate 撤销
invalid 无效

order 命令
notice 通知
announcement 公示/公告
inform/notify 告知
 
administrative procedure 行政程序
public participation 公众参与
written notice and comment 公布草案，征求意见

deliberation/consultation 审议
hearing 听证会
public hearing 公开/公共听证会
expert argumentation 论证（会）
discussion forum  座谈会
consultation meetings 协商会
file or record  案卷

 
Terms

lawful rights and interests (legal rights and legitimate interests) 合法权益
  right of person 人身权利
  property right 财产权
  right to the use of land 土地使用权
procedural fairness 程序公正
  right to state one’s case 陈述权
  right to defend oneself 申辩权
  right of hearing 听证权

administrative functions and powers 行政职能
specific management power 特别权力关系
causality 因果关系
burden of proof 举证责任
force majeure/ or other justifiable reasons 不可抗力或者其他正当理由
retroactive force 溯及既往的效力
principle of reciprocity 对等原则

accountability 问责
responsibility 责任
intentional or grossly negligent 故意或者有重大过失的
vital interests of the people 群众切身利益
discrepancy/ inconsistence 不一致
 
legally effective judgment or order 生效判决、裁定