加载中…1. advocate, support
都表示帮助或鼓励某人或某项事业时有所区别。
⑴advocate意指口头上的支持，通常采取辩论或争论的形式：
Scientists advocate a reduction in saturated fats in the human
diet.
科学家们提倡人类饮食应降低饱含脂肪的食物的摄入量。
I don't advocate your going there.
我不提倡你去那儿。
⑵support具有概括性
Friends are supporting her in her effort to surmount the tragedy.
她正在朋友的帮助下努力战胜这一悲惨的事；
You may depend on it that they will support you.
你可以依靠他们来帮你。
The people's government has the support of the entire (whole) population.
人民政府得到全民的支持。
We firmly support them.
我们坚决支持他们。
2. discover，find和find out的区别
(1) discover—find or learn about (a place，fact，etc. for the first time)“发现”，指发现原来存在但人们还不知道的事物，如发现“新大陆”，“科学规律”，“镭”等。例如：
Madame Curie discovered pure radium in 1902.
居里夫人1902年发现了镭。
Columbus discovered America in 1492.
哥伦布1492年发现了美洲新大陆。
(2) find可指“意外发现，找到(丢失的东西)，认识到”等。例如：
I found a $ 5 note on the pavement．
我在便道上捡到5美元。
The missing child hasn't been found．
那个失踪的孩子还没有找到。
I find English grammar difficult to learn．
我发现英语语法很难学。
(3) find out—learn sth．or inquiry，“经研究、询问获知”，倾向于发现无形的和隐藏的事物。所以找到一把枪，不能用find out，只能说find；查出秘密、罪恶等，才能用find out。此外它还有从许多使人迷惑的事情中发现某种事物的含义。例如：
Can you find out what time the train leaves?
你能查出火车出发的时间吗?
It was found out that the disease was curable．
据查这种疾病是可以治愈的。
3. enlarge, grow, increase, expand, extend, widen, broaden
(1) enlarge“扩大”，指面积，体积和范围的扩大及能力的增大，不指重量、速度，时间等。如：
an enlarged meeting扩大会议
The city has enlarged.
城市面积扩大了。
The business is enlarging.
企业在不断扩大。
Reading a lot enlarges the mind.
大量阅读使人增长才智。
(2) grow“成长，长大”，常用于人、生物的长大，数量的增长不用grow。如：
So certain types of plant grow all over the stones and their roots go down into the holes between the stones.
所以某些种类的植物在这些石头上面长满了，它们的根深深钻进石块之间的洞穴之中。
(3) increase 指数量、程度、财富、权力的“增加、增长”。如：
Total industrial output value increased by 8%.
工业总产值增长了百分之八。
(4) expand 膨胀大，extend 延伸长，widen 和 broaden 为“加宽后扩大”。
expand一般强调面或体的伸展。
The city has now expanded to three times its original size.
这座城市已扩大到它原来面积的三倍。
注意：指面积或体积“自行扩大”时，一般常用expand，指“使一扩大”时，一般用enlarge较好。
4. precious, priceless, valuable, invaluable,
⑴precious宝贵的，珍贵的。如：
Boards are laid down to protect the precious painted stones while the repair work is going on.
在进行修复工作的时候，为了保护这些绘有花纹的宝贵的石头，在他们上面铺上了木板。
The boxes of precious stones were forced open.
一箱箱宝石被强行打开。
⑵priceless（无比较级和最高级）无价的，贵重的（＝invaluable）。如：
Up goes the price of the vinegar!
醋价又上涨了。
the priced steel有定价的钢材
make a priceless contribution to human beings
为人类做出宝贵的贡献。
Good health is priceless.
健康是无价之宝。
⑶valuable adj. 有价值的，贵重的。 invaluable无价的(指无法衡量的高价值，相当于priceless)。如：
This book is of more value than that one.
这本书比那本书价钱贵。
You don't know the value of health.
你不知道健康的重要性。
Our Party highly values the wisdom of the masses.
我党高度重视群众的智慧。
5. in return，in return for
(1) in return的意思是“作为报答（酬谢）”、“作为回报”。例如：
I am very grateful for your help，and hope that one day I may be able to do something for you in return.
我非常感谢你的帮助，希望将来能为你做点什么作为答谢。
He wanted nothing in return.
他不要任何东西作为回报。
Give some money to the boy in return．
给那个孩子一些钱作为回报吧。
(2) in return for的意思是“作为对……的报酬”、“作为对……的报答”（=in payment for）。例如：
Give him some books in return for his help．
给他几本书作为他帮忙的回报。
I gave her some roses in return for her kindness.
我给了她一些玫瑰花以报答她的善意。
We'll send them some picture postcards of Beijing in return for the New Year Card they sent us.
我们将寄给他们一些好看的北京图片明信片作为对他们寄来的贺年片的回礼。
6. even so, or so, or else
⑴even so即使如此
The book is rather old；even so, it is very useful.
这本书已很旧,尽管如此,它还是很有用。
⑵or so大约
It'll only cost 15 dollars or so.
只要十五美元左右。
There were twenty or so.
大约有二十个左右。
⑶or else否则；要不然
They told me to leave at once, or else.
他们要我马上离开,否则(对我不利)。
You will stay away from my girlfriend, or else.
离我女朋友远点,否则要你好看。
Hurry up or else you'll be late.
快点,否则你要迟到了。
四、语法重点
虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
If I were you, I'd take them away.
如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。
If I had met Li Hua, I could have told him.
如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉了他了。
If I had time，I could come to help you.
如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。
He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.
他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。
He speaks to us as if he had been there.
他给我们讲的好像他去过那儿。
虚拟语气的用法
1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。
May you be happy.
祝你幸福。
May you have a good time.
祝愿你玩的痛快。
May the friendship between us last long.
祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
Have a good journey!
祝愿你旅途愉快！
You go out！
你出去！
2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest, order, insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气， 宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望，要求。如：
I wish she would be on my side.
我希望她能站在我一边。
I wish I could help him.
我希望我能帮助他。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.
他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，"should" 可以省略。
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.
他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ....”中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形
It's necessary that we should have a walk now.
我们有必要出去散散步。
It's natural that she should do so.
她这样做是很自然的。
It's important that we should take good care of the patient.
重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在，过去和将来。
与现在事实相反的：条件从句，结果从句
If I (we, you, he, they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he, she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you, they) would + 动词原形。
与过去事实相反的：条件从句，结果从句
If I(we, you, he, they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you, they) would + have + 过去分词。
If I were you, I should buy it.
如果我是你，我就买了它。
If I had time, I would study French.
如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。
If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.
如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.
如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。
If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping.
如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。
▲有关虚拟语气的几个问题：
1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。
Were she younger, she would do it.
如果她年青点，她就会干的。
Had he known her address, he would have gone to visit her.
如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。
2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。
I could help you.
我本来可以帮助你。
If I had time.
我要有时间该多好啊。
She should have come to the party.
她应该来参加聚会。
If he had much more money，he would go abroad.
如果他有更多的钱他就出国了。
3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
状语从句
1. 地点状语从句，常用where 或wherever 来引导的。
Put the book where it is.
请将书放回原处。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
Where there is water there is life.
哪里有水，哪里就有生命。
You are free to go wherever you like.
你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。
Wherever you go, you must obey the law.
无论你去哪都要遵守法律。
2.条件状语从句，常可用if, unless, as long as, so long as及on condition that 引导条件状语从句。如：
If people don't want to travel, say, “There's no place like house.”
如果人们不想旅行就会说：“出门一里不如家里”。
本句也可用unless 来改写：Unless they want to travel, they will say, “There's no place like house”.
要注意的是条件句子的谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时。
Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.
如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。
We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.
除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn't rain.
So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.
只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。
In case I forget, please remind me about it.
万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。
So far as I know, the book will be published next month.
据我所知，那本书下月出版。
3.让步状语从句，常有though/although, even though, even if, whether, whoever, whatever 等来引导。如：
Although some countries tried to control such penicillin, the practice continues.
虽然有些国家正设法对此药物的使用进行控制，但当地使用此类药物的习惯做法还在继续存在。
as 也可引导让步状语从句，但注意其位置
例：Although he likes it much, he cannot afford it
=Though he likes it much, he…
=Much as he likes it, he…
=Much though he likes it, he…
Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.
虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语 。
We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.
虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。
Do it no matter what others say.
不管别人怎么说,尽管干。
No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.
不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。
No matter who takes up the matter for me, I shall be very grateful.
不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。
顶