１，Accelerated
depreciation加速折旧
A group of
methods for achieving periodic reductions in the book value of
fixed assets that make larger reductions in the early periods and
progressively smaller reductions in later periods.
使固定资产账面价值周期性减少的一系列方法，这种折旧方法所计算的折旧费在期初时较大，然后逐渐变少。
Example
Technically, accelerated
depreciation lets companies write off the costs of their
machinery and buildings faster than they actually wear
out.
从技术角度看，加速折旧使公司注销其机器与厂房成本的速度比机器与厂房实际损耗的速度要快。
Word
bank
Book value账面价值
Fixed assets固定资产
Write off注销
Wear out损耗
Depreciation折旧
2,Account reconciliation services账户核对服务
A series of bank services designed toaid a
deposit customer in the reconciliation of its bank account balance.
A basic account reconciliation service may simply be a listing of
paid checks in serial number order.More advanced account
reconciliation service combine electronic data provide by the
customer with the bank’s recordsto reconcile completely the
account and list all outstanding items.
用来帮助储户核对其银行账户余额的一系列银
行服务。基本账户核对服务可以只是一系列带
顺号的已付支票清单。更先进的账户核对服务
把可户提供的电子数据和银行记录结合在一起，
以彻底核对账户，并列出所有未兑现的款项。
Example
Account reconciliation service provides
customers with a
monthly check reconcilement in file format on a monthly
basis.
账户核对服务每月为可户以文件形式提供月账单核对。
Word
bank
Deposit customer储户
Account reconciliation账户核对
Outstanding item未兑现款项
Account balance账户余额
3,Accrued interest应计利息
Interest that has been earned but not yet
paid. For example, the interest earned by a bondholder between
semiannual coupon payments. Accrued interest for investment
securities is calculated from the issue date or the last payment
date. When a buyer purchases a bond, the buyer owes the seller the
accrued interest in addition to the market price of the security
purchased.
已经发生的但还未收到的利息。例如：债券持有人在每半年支付一次的息票获得的利息。投资政权的应计利息自发行日或上次付息日起计算。当一买方购买债券，除了证券市场价格外，买方还应支付卖方应计利息。
Example
This worksheet shows you how unpaid accrued interest can
affect the outstanding balance of your loan.
这份结账计算表向你表明未付应计利息是如何影响你的贷款未偿还余额的。
Word
bank
Security债券
Issue date 发行日
Last payment date 上次付息日
Outstanding balance 未偿还余额
4,Amortization分期偿还；分期摊销
Liquidation of a loan or security by means of
periodic reductions. The principal amount of loans is amortized by
the periodic, usually monthly, payment of a fraction of the
principal calculated to repay the entire amount of principal due.
Amortization methods differ based upon the type of loan. Mortgage
loans and securities usually have level payments of principal and
interest. For such amortization, the interest consumes most of the
early payments and, therefore, principal amortization increases as
the loan ages. Many business loans use a level amortization with
roughly equal principal reductions from each periodic payment.
贷款或证券通过周期性递减法进行清算。贷款的本金被周期性的（通常以月为单位）付款所分期摊销。这种还款是按照应付全部本金计算出的。分期摊销的方法根据贷款的不同类型而不同。抵押贷款和证券通常用平均摊销的方法支付本金和利息。对于这样的分期摊销中所占的比例也随之增加。许多商业贷款采用的平均摊销的方法是：从每次的周期性付款中，进行大体相同的本金削减。
Example
Here is a quick and easy way to calculate
your mortgage payment and get an amortization schedule.
用这种方法计算你的抵押贷款还款以及得到分期偿还明细表既快速又容易。
5,Annual report 年度报告
A document sent to shareholders that
communicates a public company version of operations and
performance. Information includes earnings, revenues, balance sheet
data, an auditor statement, and management discussion of the
company track record and future direction. You can obtain a copy of
the annual report from the company, usually from the investor
relations department.
送给股东的一份通告，记录了公开招股公司的云做和经营成果情况。其中的信息包括：净收益，营业收入，资产负债表数据，审计报告，对公司经营记录和未来方向的管理讨论。股东可以从公司的投资关系部获得一份年度报告。
Example
You must send the annual report to the
mutual fund’s shareholders at the end of each fiscal year,
reporting the financial results for the year and commenting on the
outlook for the future.
你必须在每一个财政年度底将年度财务报告寄给共同基金的持有人，报告要说明过去一年的财政状况并对未来作出展望。
Word bank
Shareholder股东
Earnings净收益
Revenues营业收入
6,Annuity年金
A type of investment that guarantees payment
of specificamounts at specific times. Annuities are sponsored by
insurance companies and other financial institutions and sold by
agents, banks, savings and loans, stockbrokers, and financial
planners. Fixed annuities work like certificates of deposit (CDs);
you
invest a lump sum, and the insurer guarantees a fixed rate of
interest for one to five years. Variable annuities let you direct
your investment into fund-like portfolios of stocks, bonds. Your
return depends on the performance of the portfolios you choose.
一种保证在某特定时候得到固定回报的投资。年金是由保险公司或其他金融机构发行，由代理商、银行、储蓄贷款机构、股票经纪人、财务顾问代售。固定年金的作用与大额存单（CDs）相类似。投资人一次性投入资金，保险人保证在1~5年内向投资人支付固定利息。变动年金可将投资转向由股票、债券所组成的证券投资组合。你所得到的回报取决于你所决定的证券组合投资。
Example
If the payments are made over an infinite
period of time the annuity is called perpetuity.
如果对年金的支付期限没有限制，这种年金就被称为永续年金。
Word bank
Current annuity应付年金
Deferred annuity展期年金
7,Arbitrage 套利
In theory, arbitrage is the simultaneous
purchase and sale of two identical commodities to take advantage of
price variations in different markets. For example, the purchase of
gold in London and simultaneous sale of gold in New York.
In practice, the term is used to refer to the simultaneous
purchase and sale two contracts or commodities with offsetting
risks. For example, the purchase of two-year treasuries and the
sale of futures contracts for an equivalent amount.
从理论上讲，套利是指在不同的市场上同时买进和卖出两个相同的商品，以赚取差价。例如：在伦敦买黄金的同时，在纽约卖出黄金。
实际上，这个术语是指同时进行的买进和卖出任意两份能抵消风险的合同或商品。例如购买两年期的国库券，并卖出等价的期货合同。
Example
Arbitrage usually takes place on
different exchanges or marketplaces.
套利活动经常发生在不同的证券交易所或交易市场。
Word
bank
Direct arbitrage 直接套利
Indirect arbitrage 间接套利
Three-point arbitrage 三角套利
Two-point arbitrage 对角套利
8,Assignment 转让
Transfer of any contractual agreement between
two parties. One of the parties, the assignor, transfer its rights
or obligations to another party, the assignor, transfers its rights
or obligations to another party, the assignee. If interests in
assets of the assignor are party, the assignment transfers all or
some of the rights of ownership to the assignee. If interests in
obligations of the assignor are assigned, the assignor is totally
or partially absolved from further performance. Lenders sometimes
see leased property assigned from the original lessor to another
party who then pledges them to the bank as collateral for a loan.
For personal property collateral, a secured party may enter an
assignment of its security interest into the public record by using
a standard form called UCC-3.
指双方任何合同协定的转移。其中一放，转让人，将其权利或债务转让给另一方，即受让人。如果转让人转让资产权益，这项转让就是把全部或部分的所有权转让给了受让人。如果转让人转让债务权益，就意味着转让人完全或部分地解除了债务。贷款人有时会看到转让给原出租人的财产被转给另一方，而另一方就会把这些财产抵押给银行，作为申请贷款的抵押物。以个人财产做抵押品，担保人应通过填写UUC-3的标准表格，将其担保权益的转让加入到公共记录中。
Example
An assignment is a transfer in writing of the
legal ownership right to another party.
转让就是以书面形式将法律上的所有权转给另一方。
9,Balance sheet 资产负债表
It is also called asset and liability
statement. An official financial statement that includes a
company’s assets ( things its owns, such as cash, capital
equipment, and investments ) and liabilities (things it owes such
as accounts payable and long-term debt ). To determine a company’s
net worth, you subtract its liabilities from its assets. You can
use a company’s balance sheet to determine its financial
health.
一份包括公司资产（公司所拥有的东西，如先进、资产设备和投资）和负债（公司所欠的东西，如应付账款和长期负债）的正式的财务报表。一个公司的净值等于从资产中减去负债。通过一个公司的资产负债表可以看出它的财务状况是否良好。
Example
Balance sheet is including assets,
liabilities and net worth, also called statement of financial
position.
资产负债表包括资产、负债以及净值的内容，因此也被称做财务状况表。
Word bank
Asset 资产
Liability 负债
Net worth 净值
10,Banker’s acceptance 银行承兑票据
A short-term financial instrument that is the unconditional
obligation of the accepting bank. Banker’s acceptances arise from
transactions involving the import, export, transit, or storage of
goods, including domestic as well as international transit. For
investors, it is very important to realize that the underlying
transaction that gives rise to a BA is almost completely irrelevant
to the credit quality or the liquidity of the instrument. The
actual BA is created at a late stage in the underlying transaction
when a bank accepts its obligation to pay the holder of the
accepted draft. In other words, when the transaction becomes a BA
it becomes an unconditional obligation of the accepting bank.
是一种短期金融工具，是承兑银行的一种无条件的责任。银行承兑票据可涉及商品的进出口、运送和贮存，包括国内和国际运送。对投资者来说，重要的是要认识到引起银行承兑的交易与信用度和票据的流动性几乎毫无关系。在银行承担了为已承兑汇票的持有人付款的义务时，实际的银行承兑就发生了。换言之，当交易变成银行承兑票据，这项交易就变成了承兑银行的一种无条件的责任。
Example
Banker’s acceptance are stronger than CDs because, in
addition to the credit strength of the accepting bank, BAs are
backed by the credit strength of a drawer; an endorsing bank.
银行承兑票据比CD更强大，除去承兑银行的信用度，银行承兑票据有出票人，即背书银行的信用支持。
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