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[转载]你是否想过母乳中有哪些成分而配方奶里又有哪些呢?

(2011-11-16 12:44:37)
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分类: 母乳喂养
钰雯这里有很多宝藏,且待我一一“盗”来 :-)。其实这张表还不是全部,虽然已经很惊人了。已知母乳中有400多种营养素是任何人工合成产品无法复制的,科学家们还在继续发现新的营养素,并且说,也许我们永远都无法彻底了解母乳的全部成分。除了营养、健康(免疫)和环保方面的益处,母乳喂养在亲子关系方面的优越性,也是其他喂养方式无法匹敌的。
另外,《母乳代用品销售管理办法》第九条规定:“禁止发布母乳代用品广告。” 第十条规定:“ 禁止在广播、电影、电视、报纸、杂志、图书、音像制品、电子出版物等传播媒介上进行母乳代用品的宣传,包括播放、刊登有关母乳代用品的报道、文章和图片。 ” 第十四条规定:“医疗卫生保健机构及其人员不得向孕妇和婴儿家庭宣传母乳代用品,不得将产品提供给孕妇和婴儿母亲。”
但实际上,这些规定基本是形同虚设;母乳妈妈们的喂养环境令人叹息。

在我收到那个对配方奶有深刻认识的妈妈的故事后,她提到的:“配方奶中营养成分看似有多么的全面,一张密密麻麻的表格,可从来没有人会告诉你,这些营养成分是母乳中都有的,而且母乳中的营养成分更多”这句话引起了我的注意。那么妈妈们是不是想知道母乳里的营养成分能多多少呢?今天我贴一个来自加拿大的列表,供大家参考。你无需懂得英语,只要你看看列表的长度就知道,我们人类的母乳是无可比拟的!

 

不少妈妈提到她们常常得到来自老人和其他人压力,要她们添加或者转喂配方奶,认为配方奶营养足。我希望你们把以下的信息告诉他们,因为这个世界上,即使最“优质”的配方奶的营养也远远少于母乳的营养成份!而科学家们正在继续发现母乳里的新的有益成份!

 

此外,我再贴一个数据:

 

g/100ml

母乳

牛奶

蛋白质

0.9

3.3

碳水化合物

7.0

4.8

脂肪

4.2

3.8

 

大家都知道配方奶是用牛奶为原料的。那么牛奶中的蛋白质比母乳中要高三倍多,这完全不适合人类婴儿。那么配方奶就是先要把牛奶稀释三倍,然后接近母乳中的蛋白质含量。但是这样一来,稀释后的牛奶脂肪就远远不够了。而脂肪对人类婴儿的大脑发育至关重要。因此,为了达到接近母乳的脂肪含量,制造配方奶时必须再往里加脂肪,目前来说,所添加的脂肪往往是用植物油,比如下表中的棕榈油,大豆油和椰子油。还有一个事实就是配方奶里所添加的DHA,只是DHA的一个片断。至于吸收如何,效果如何,片断能否和完整的DHA相提并论呢?

 

以下的表格中的事实可以供母乳妈妈在面对压力时提供有力的证据。欢迎你们把这个事实和你的家人,同事,朋友分享。

Did you ever wonder what’s in…?

Breastmilk (母乳)

 

Water

 

Carbohydrates (energy source)

 

 Lactose

 

 Oligosaccharides (see below)

 

Carboxylic acid

 

 Alpha hydroxy acid

 

 Lactic acid

 

Proteins (building muscles and bones)

 

 Whey protein

 

 Alpha-lactalbumin

 

 HAMLET (Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made Lethal to Tumour cells)

 

 Lactoferrin

 

 Many antimicrobial factors (see below)

 

 Casein

 

 Serum albumin

 

Non-protein nitrogens

 

 Creatine

 

 Creatinine

 

 Urea

 

 Uric acid

 

 Peptides (see below)

 

 Amino Acids (the building blocks of proteins)

 

 Alanine

 

 Arginine

 

 Aspartate

 

 Clycine

 

 Cystine

 

 Glutamate

 

 Histidine

 

 Isoleucine

 

 Leucine

 

 Lycine

 

 Methionine

 

 Phenylalanine

 

 Proline

 

 Serine

 

 Taurine

 

 Theronine

 

 Tryptophan

 

 Tyrosine

 

 Valine

 

 Carnitine (amino acid compound necessary to make use of fatty acids as an energy source)

 

 Nucleotides (chemical compounds that are the structural units of RNA and DNA)

 

 5’-Adenosine monophosphate (5”-AMP)

 

 3’:5’-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (3’:5’-cyclic AMP)

 

 5’-Cytidine monophosphate (5’-CMP)

 

 Cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP choline)

 

 Guanosine diphosphate (UDP)

 

 Guanosine diphosphate - mannose

 

 3’- Uridine monophosphate (3’-UMP)

 

 5’-Uridine monophosphate (5’-UMP)

 

 Uridine diphosphate (UDP)

 

 Uridine diphosphate hexose (UDPH)

 

 Uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl-hexosamine (UDPAH)

 

 Uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA)

 

 Several more novel nucleotides of the UDP type

 

Fats

 

 Triglycerides

 

 Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

 

 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (important for brain development)

 

 Arachidonic acid (AHA) (important for brain development)

 

 Linoleic acid

 

 Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)

 

 Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

 

 Conjugated linoleic acid (Rumenic acid)

 

 Free Fatty Acids

 

 Monounsaturated fatty acids

 

 Oleic acid

 

 Palmitoleic acid

 

 Heptadecenoic acid

 

 Saturated fatty acids

 

 Stearic

 

 Palmitic acid

 

 Lauric acid

 

 Myristic acid

 

 Phospholipids

 

 Phosphatidylcholine

 

 Phosphatidylethanolamine

 

 Phosphatidylinositol

 

 Lysophosphatidylcholine

 

 Lysophosphatidylethanolamine

 

 Plasmalogens

 

 Sphingolipids

 

 Sphingomyelin

 

 Gangliosides

 

 GM1

 

 GM2

 

 GM3

 

 Glucosylceramide

 

 Glycosphingolipids

 

 Galactosylceramide

 

 Lactosylceramide

 

 Globotriaosylceramide (GB3)

 

 Globoside (GB4)

 

 Sterols

 

 Squalene

 

 Lanosterol

 

 Dimethylsterol

 

 Methosterol

 

 Lathosterol

 

 Desmosterol

 

 Triacylglycerol

 

 Cholesterol

 

 7-dehydrocholesterol

 

 Stigma-and campesterol

 

 7-ketocholesterol

 

 Sitosterol

 

 β-lathosterol

 

 Vitamin D metabolites

 

 Steroid hormones

 

Vitamins

 

 Vitamin A

 

 Beta carotene

 

 Vitamin B6

 

 Vitamin B8 (Inositol)

 

 Vitamin B12

 

 Vitamin C

 

 Vitamin D

 

 Vitamin E

 

 a-Tocopherol

 

 Vitamin K

 

 Thiamine

 

 Riboflavin

 

 Niacin

 

 Folic acid

 

 Pantothenic acid

 

 Biotin

 

Minerals

 

 Calcium

 

 Sodium

 

 Potassium

 

 Iron

 

 Zinc

 

 Chloride

 

 Phosphorus

 

 Magnesium

 

 Copper

 

 Manganese

 

 Iodine

 

 Selenium

 

 Choline

 

 Sulpher

 

 Chromium

 

 Cobalt

 

 Fluorine

 

 Nickel

 

Metal

 

 Molybdenum (essential element in many enzymes)

 

Growth Factors (aid in the maturation of the intestinal lining)

 

 Cytokines

 

 interleukin-1β (IL-1β)

 

 IL-2

 

 IL-4

 

 IL-6

 

 IL-8

 

 IL-10

 

 Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)

 

 Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)

 

 Platelet derived growth factors (PDGF)

 

 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

 

 Hepatocyte growth factor -α (HGF-α)

 

 HGF-β

 

 Tumor necrosis factor-α

 

 Interferon-γ

 

 Epithelial growth factor (EGF)

 

 Transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α)

 

 TGF β1

 

 TGF-β2

 

 Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) (also known as somatomedin C)

 

 Insulin-like growth factor- II

 

 Nerve growth factor (NGF)

 

 Erythropoietin

 

 Peptides (combinations of amino acids)

 

 HMGF I (Human growth factor)

 

 HMGF II

 

 HMGF III

 

 Cholecystokinin (CCK)

 

 β-endorphins

 

 Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

 

 Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)

 

 β-defensin-1

 

 Calcitonin

 

 Gastrin

 

 Motilin

 

 Bombesin (gastric releasing peptide, also known as neuromedin B)

 

 Neurotensin

 

 Somatostatin

 

Hormones (chemical messengers that carry signals from one cell, or group of cells, to another

via the blood)

 

 Cortisol

 

 Triiodothyronine (T3)

 

 Thyroxine (T4)

 

 Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (also known as thyrotropin)

 

 Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH)

 

 Prolactin

 

 Oxytocin

 

 Insulin

 

 Corticosterone

 

 Thrombopoietin

 

 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

 

 GRH

 

 Leptin (aids in regulation of food intake)

 

 Ghrelin (aids in regulation of food intake)

 

 Adiponectin

 

 Feedback inhibitor of lactation (FIL)

 

 Eicosanoids

 

 Prostaglandins (enzymatically derived from fatty acids)

 

 PG-E1

 

 PG-E2

 

 PG-F2

 

 Leukotrienes

 

 Thromboxanes

 

 Prostacyclins

 

Enzymes (catalysts that support chemical reactions in the body)

 

 Amylase

 

 Arysulfatase

 

 Catalase

 

 Histaminase

 

 Lipase

 

 Lysozyme

 

 PAF-acetylhydrolase

 

 Phosphatase

 

 Xanthine oxidase

 

Antiproteases (thought to bind themselves to macromolecules such as enzymes and as a result

prevent allergic and anaphylactic reactions)

 

 a-1-antitrypsin

 

 a-1-antichymotrypsin

 

Antimicrobial factors (are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects,

such as bacteria and viruses.

 

 Leukocytes (white blood cells)

 

 Phagocytes

 

 Basophils

 

 Neutrophils

 

 Eoisinophils

 

 Macrophages

 

 Lymphocytes

 

 B lymphocytes (also known as B cells)

 

 T lymphocytes (also known as C cells)

 

 sIgA (Secretory immunoglobulin A) (the most important antiinfective factor)

 

 IgA2

 

 IgG

 

 IgD

 

 IgM

 

 IgE

 

 Complement C1

 

 Complement C2

 

 Complement C3

 

 Complement C4

 

 Complement C5

 

 Complement C6

 

 Complement C7

 

 Complement C8

 

 Complement C9

 

 Glycoproteins

 

 Mucins (attaches to bacteria and viruses to prevent

them from clinging to mucousal tissues)

 

 Lactadherin

 

 Alpha-lactoglobulin

 

 Alpha-2 macroglobulin

 

 Lewis antigens

 

 Ribonuclease

 

 Haemagglutinin inhibitors

 

 Bifidus Factor (increases growth of Lactobacillus bifidus - which is a

good bacteria)

 

 Lactoferrin (binds to iron which prevents harmful bacteria from using the

iron to grow)

 

 Lactoperoxidase

 

 B12 binding protein (deprives microorganisms of vitamin B12)

 

 Fibronectin (makes phagocytes more aggressive, minimizes inflammation, and repairs

damage caused by inflammation)

 

 Oligosaccharides (more than 200 different kinds!)

 

 

 

 

Formula  (配方奶)

 

Water

 

Carbohydrates

 

 Lactose

 

 Corn maltodextrin

 

Protein

 

 Partially hydrolyzed reduced minerals whey protein concentrate (from cow’s milk)

 

Fats

 

 Palm olein

 

 Soybean oil

 

 Coconut oil

 

 High oleic safflower oil (or sunflower oil)

 

 M. alpina oil (Fungal DHA)

 

 C.cohnii oil (Algal ARA)

 

Minerals

 

 Potassium citrate

 

 Potassium phosphate

 

 Calcium chloride

 

 Tricalcium phosphate

 

 Sodium citrate

 

 Magnesium chloride

 

 Ferrous sulphate

 

 Zinc sulphate

 

 Sodium chloride

 

 Copper sulphate

 

 Potassium iodide

 

 Manganese sulphate

 

 Sodium selenate

 

Vitamins

 

 Sodium ascorbate

 

 Inositol

 

 Choline bitartrate

 

 Alpha-Tocopheryl acetate

 

 Niacinamide

 

 Calcium pantothenate

 

 Riboflavin

 

 Vitamin A acetate

 

 Pyridoxine hydrochloride

 

 Thiamine mononitrate

 

 Folic acid

 

 Phylloquinone

 

 Biotin

 

 Vitamin D3

 

 Vitamin B12

 

Enzyme

 

 Trypsin

 

Amino acid

 

 Taurine

 

 L-Carnitine (a combination of two different amino acids)

 

Nucleotides

 

 Cytidine 5-monophosphate

 

 Disodium uridine 5-monophosphate

 

 Adenosine 5-monophosphate

 

 Disodium guanosine 5-monophosphate

 

Soy Lecithin

 

Douglas College, New Westminster, BC, Canada - . 2007 by Cecily Heslett, Sherri Hedberg and Haley Rumble.

 

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