加载中...

Some researches believe that a work team typically goes through distinct phases, with a different leadership style appreciate for each. For instance, Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard have described four stages of leadership related to a team’s level of “maturity”.（有一些研究者认为一个工作团队的成长会经历不同的阶段，每个阶段都有与之相适应的领导风格。例如，Paul和Ken 根据一个团队的成熟程度，将之分为四个发展阶段）

Telling. A new team needs a lot of direction, so the supervisor must be task-oriented and willing to give explicit instructions。（指导风格。一个新成立的团队需要许多方面的指导，所以主管应采用任务导向型的领导风格并愿意给与明确的指令）

Selling. As the team gains experience, the supervisor tries to “sell” ideas through persuasiveness rather than orders.（推销风格。当团队获得了经验，主管努力通过劝导而不是命令的方式来“推销”意见）

Participating. When the team approaches maturity, the supervisor begins to behave more like a participant than like a “boss”.（参与风格。当团队接近成熟时，主管的行为要更像一位参与者，而不是以老板自居）

Delegating. Finally, when the team is fully mature, the supervisor can delegate many leadership responsibilities to other team members.（授权风格。最后，但团队完全成熟时，主管应江诸多的领导责任有效分派给团队的其他成员）

Your own work teams may not correspond exactly to these stages. The general point, however, is that you should use all your experience, your reasoning power, and your knowledge of human nature to analyze the situation in which you and your employees find yourselves. Then you can decide which leadership approach best suits your goals.（你的工作团队可能与此并不完全一致。然而，一般的观点是主管要充分利用自己的经验，有效地权力和对个性的了解来分析具体情形，以便你与你的雇员相互认识，然后你再决定采用最能达成目标的领导风格）

In addition to studying leadership styles, researchers have examined the personalities of effective leaders. The studies show that successful leaders tend to share a number of personality traits or qualities. It is useful to know that the following traits are common among people who gain success as leaders:

Initiative       Assertiveness    Strong desire for achievement 

Decisiveness   Energy           Persistence

Honesty        Courage          Reliability and trustworthiness

High degree of organization       Creativity

Tact and sensitivity to the needs of others

Fairness        Tolerance of frustration and pressure

Versatility and willingness to adapt to new situation

Skillfulness in communication

积极           坚决            具有强力的成功欲望

果断           富有活力    坚定

诚实           勇敢            值得信赖为人可靠

高度的组织性   具创造力

圆融而敏感

公正          具抗压和抗挫折性

多才多艺并愿意适应新环境

具沟通技巧