包装

11.1 Introduction（简介）
目的：掌握有关包装信函的撰写。

在国际贸易中，包装分为两类。一类是运输包装（Transport Packing），又称大包装或外包装（Outer Packing），指将货物装入特定容器，或以特定方式成件或成箱的包装。运输包装的作用在于保护货物在长时间和远距离的运输过程中不被损坏或丢失，同时，又可方便货物的搬运，起到减少运费、节省租仓和方便计数的目的。另一类是销售包装（Selling Packing），又称小包装或内包装（Inner Packing），指对制造出来的商品以适当的材料或容器所进行的初次包装。

常见的运输包装有：箱，如木箱（wooden case）、铁箱（iron case）、板条箱（crate）、纸箱（carton）等；桶（drum），如木桶（wooden drum）、铁桶（iron drum）、塑料桶（plastic drum）等；包（bale）；袋（bag），如布袋（cloth bag）、麻袋（gunny bag）、纸袋（paper bag）、塑料袋（plastic bag）等；瓶（bottle），如钢瓶（cylinder）、长颈瓶（flask）等；坛（jar）；盒（box）；篓（basket）；托盘（pallet）；集装箱（container）等。
此外，也有少数商品不采用包装，仅仅采取散装（In bulk）和裸装（Nude Packed）方式。
11.2 Writing Skills（写作技巧）
包装信函的写作步骤及常见表达方式：

回复包装信函的写作步骤及常见表达方式：

11.3 Specimen Letters（样函）
Letter 1：Negotiation on carton packing
Dear Sirs,
We are pleased to inform you that for your future orders we shall pack our garments in cartons instead of in wooden cases, as packing in cartons has the following advantages.
(1) It will prevent skillful pilferage, for the traces of pilferage will be more in evidence.
(2) It is fairly fit for ocean transportation.

(3) Our cartons are well protected against moisture by plastic lining.
(4) Cartons are comparatively light and compact, so they are more convenient to handle.
Our comments above come from a comparative study of the characteristics of the two modes of packing, i.e. carton packing and wooden case packing, as well as the results of shipments already made.
We hope you will accept our carton packing and assure you of our sincere cooperation.
With best wishes.

Yours faithfully,

Letter 2：A reply to the above
Dear Sirs,
We have received your letter of July 29 with pleasure and immediately approached our clients about the packing. After our repeated explanation, they say they will have no objections to your packing of the garments in cartons if you guarantee that you will pay compensation in all cases wherein they cannot get indemnification from the insurance company for the reason that the cartons used are not seaworthy.

We deem it our duty to inform you of this and consider it a tacit understanding that you would hold yourselves responsible for the losses our clients might sustain on account of your using such cartons if the insurance company refuses compensations.
We think you will understand that our candid statements are made for our mutual benefits as packing is a sensitive subject, which often leads to trade disputes.
We appreciate your cooperation.

Yours sincerely,

Letter 3：Shipping marks requirements
Dear Sirs,
Re: Sales Confirmation No.99A/782
We thank you for your letter dated October 10, enclosing the above Sales Contract in duplicate but wish to state that the packing clause in the contract is not clear enough. The relative clause should be read:
Packing: seaworthy export packing, suitable for long distance ocean transportation.
The shirts under the captioned contract should be packed in plastic bags, five dozen to one carton, 20 cartons on a pallet, and 10 pallets in FCL container. On the outer packing please mark our initials: JHCL in a triangle, under which the port of destination and our order number should be stenciled. In addition, directive marks like WATERPROOF, etc. should also be indicated.

We have made a footnote on the contract to the effect and are returning herein one copy of the contract, duly countersigned by us. We hope you will find it in order and pay special attention to the packing.
We look forward to receiving your shipping advice soon and thank you in advance.

Yours faithfully,

Letter 4：Asking for improving packing
Dear Sirs,
Thank you for your Quotation No.293 about Round Steel Bars.
We regret to inform you that among the five lots of Round Steel Bars arrived here per S.S. Mary on May 11, 2002 were six bundles of different grades, which were in scattered and mixed condition because their packing was not sufficiently strong and their iron hoops were broken in transit. Since it was very difficult to assort them, inconvenience and losses occurred. Although we had in time notified you of such unfortunate things occurred before, the present case has shown that our comments were ignored, for no improvements in packing has been made.

Therefore, we must have your promise to take effective measures to improve your packing before we could book this new order with you.
We await your early reply.

Yours sincerely,

Letter 5：Packing instruction
Dear Sirs,
Re: our order No.168
With reference to the shipment of our Order No.168 for 100 cases of chinawares, we wish to draw your attention to the following.
As the goods are susceptible to be broken, the chinawares must be packed in wooden cases capable of withstanding rough handling.
Please mark the cases with our initials in a diamond, under which comes the destination with contract number and stencil conspicuously the words FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE on both sides of the cases.
We trust that the above instructions are clear to you and that the shipment will give the users entire satisfaction.

Yours faithfully,

Letter 6：Container packing
Dear Sirs,
We thank you for your inquiry of May 28th and are pleased to provide you with our information about the container service by our company. The shipping containers we can provide are of two sizes, namely 20ft and 40ft respectively.
They can be opened at both ends, thus making it possible to load and unload at the same time. For carrying goods liable to be spoiled by dampness or water, they have great advantages of being both watertight and airtight. Containers can be loaded and locked at the factory, if necessary. So pilferage can be therefore impossible.

Being temperature-controlled, our containers are provided for any cargo that needs a special care. This lends its full benefits in shipping. There is also a saving on freight charges. When separate consignments intended for the same port of destination are carried in one container, there will be charged less and an additional saving on insurance because of lower premium charged for container-shipped goods.
We enclose a copy of our tariff and look forward to receiving your instructions.

Yours faithfully,
11.4 Focal Words（焦点词汇）
avail
v. 有用于；有利于
I’m afraid these articles of the contract will avail you only little of nothing.

avail oneself of sth.＝take advantage of（利用……）
You should avail yourself of this opportunity to promote your products.

available adj. 可利用的，可得到的，有效的，可支付的
I’m afraid that these dresses are not available in your size.

availability n. 可用性，有效性

distribute
v. 分配，分发，分销
The teacher distributed the examination papers to the class.

distribute to/ among分配，分发

distribute over散布，分布

distribution n. 分配，配给物，散布，分布，销售，经销
They could not agree about the distribution of the profits.

distributive adj. 分配的，分发的，分送的，经销的

pack
v. 包装
It is our usual way to pack these goods in cartons.

pack away 把……装起来
All the chinaware was carefully packed away in cases and stored in the warehouse.

pack off 寄出，包装发往
We have packed the samples off to you.

常用的“包装方式”表示方法：
1）in…表示用某种容器包装
Walnuts are packed in double gunny bags.

2）in…of…each表示用某种容器包装，每一容器内装若干
Men’s shirts are packed in wooden cases of 10 dozen each.

3）…in…, each containing…用某种容器包装，每一容器内装若干
Nylon socks are packed in wooden cases, each containing 50 dozen.

4）…to…表示将若干件装于某一容器内
Folding chairs are packed 2 pieces to a carton.

5）each…in…and…to...表示先将每单位装入某种容器，再将若干单位装另一种较大的容器
Each pair of nylon socks is packed in a plastic bag and 12 pairs to a box.

6）...to…and…to表示先将若干单位装某种容器，再把若干此种容器装另一种较大的容器
Pens are packed 12 pieces to a box and 200 boxes to a wooden case.

packing n. 包装，包装材料，包装方法，包装费
The packing must be seaworthy.
We need a lot of packing to protect these glasses.
We offer these shirts at USD20 each, plus postage and packing.

packing charges包装费用

packing instruction包装指示，包装要求

packing list装箱单

neutral packing中性包装

customary packing习惯包装

inner packing内包装

outer packing外包装

package n. 中小型的包裹（指包、捆、束、箱等）；一揽子交易
Each package should be marked “Fragile”.
The computer is sold with a printer and software as part of the package.

packet n. 小包（＝a small package），(计算机) 数据包，信息包
The packets of tea are intact.

repack v. 重新包装，改装

source
n. 源泉，来源，出处，消息来源，原始资料
The explorers searched for the source of the river.
Idleness is the source of all evils.
The brain is the ultimate source of ideas.
Sources of supply are essential if you want to export in quantities.
The financial difficulty of the firm can be traced to their inability to find a source of funds.
We learn from reliable sources that the price of coal will rise considerably.

specify
v. 规定，指定，详述，载明
The contract specifies the terms of payment.
He specified the airfield to which I should come.
John forgot to specify the place where we should meet.
Please specify your requirements so as to enable us to make you offers accordingly.
The contract specifies payment by sight L/C.
11.5 Useful Sentences（实用语句）
1. The packing of this article features novel design and diversified styles.

2. The new packing of the porcelain is in Chinese national style and suitable for display in supermarkets.

3. The inner packing must be attractive and helpful to the sales.

4. The goods are to be packed in wooden cases containing 20 dozen each.

5. Packing charges are excluded in the quoted prices.

6. The packing must be seaworthy and strong enough to stand rough handling.

7. No name of country or trademark is to appear on the outside containers.

8. Because the goods will be transshipped, I hope each case will be marked with details of weights, symbols of warnings and directions, as well as your own marks.

9. Actually, this packing is both shockproof and moistureproof. Nevertheless we have still marked the cartons with warnings like “FRAGILE”, “USE NO HOOK” and “DO NOT DROP”.