人，人类
一个人
human(being)
通称时使用复数，human也可以当做形容词，意思是“有人性的”。
I am a human
I am a human being
我是人
Humans destroyed nature
人类破坏自然环境
人
person
人们 people
有人情味 humane
She is a humane person
They are nice people
他们都是好人
人类
1. humankind 2 .human
race
以前都用mankind
,最近因为男女平等的诉求，有渐渐不使用的倾向。
Humankind is in danger of extinction.
The human race is in danger of extinction.
人类有濒临绝种的危机。
人种
race
The United States is a country of many races
美国是个聚集很多人种的国家。
种
species
单数复数形式相同
绝种 vanished[ extinct ]
species
濒临灭绝危机的物种 endangered
species
The explorer found the remains of a vanished species.
The explorer found the remains of an extinct species.
那个探险家发现了已经绝种的生物化石
Pandas are an endangered species.
熊猫有濒临绝种的危机
人权
human rights
We have to protect human rights.
我们必须保护人权。
人类是会思考的动物
Man is a thinking reed[animal]
同种的，同质的
homogeneous
要注意发音。
异种的 异质的 heterogeneous
同质社会 homogeneous society
Japan has a homoeneous society.
日本是个同质的社会
We need heterogeneous people.
我们需要一些不同性质的人
原始社会
primitive society
He studies primitive societies.
他在研究原始社会。
文明
cicilization
野蛮的1.savage 2 .brutal
Western civilization is different from Eastern
civilization.
西方文明与东方文明不同
They are savage.
They are brutal.
他们是野蛮的。
出生
我出生于1956年7月29日
I was born in 1956 on the 29th of July.
也可以说是July 29th,这时就不需要在前面加the
She was bron to Mr.and Mrs.Grant.
她是格兰特夫妇的女儿。
他出身富裕的家庭
He was born with a silver spoon in his mouth
依照字面的意思是“含着银汤勺出生”。
生辰年月日
date of birth
What is your date of birth？
你的生辰年月日是什么时候？
生日
birthday
My birthday falls on a Saturday this year.
My birthday is on a Saturday this year.
我今年的生日是在星期六
开生日庆祝会
hold [have, give] a birthday
party
I'm holding a birthday part this weekend.
I'm going to have a birthday party this weekend.
I'll give a birthday party this weedend.
我忙着准备派对
I'm busy preparing for the party
主持派对
host a party
I'll host a party tomorrow.
明天我要主持一个派对。
派对的开始时间延后
delay the party
把派对延期postpone[put off] the
party
取消派对 cancel[call off] the
party
We have to dalay the party
我们必须把派对的开始时间延后。
We have to postpone the party
We have to put off the party
我们必须把派对延期。
We must cancel the party
We must call off the party
我们必须取消派对
准时without
delay
Let's begin the party without delay.
我们准时开始派对吧！
吹蜡烛blow out the candles
许愿make a wish
Make a wish before you blow out the candles
在吹蜡烛之前先许个愿！
分蛋糕
divide up the cake
我的那一份
1.my piece 2.my portion
Would you divide up the cake?
可以帮我分一下蛋糕吗？
This is my piece.
This is my portion.
这是我的一份
免洗餐具
disposable dishes
用免洗餐具吧！
Let's use disposable dishes.
家人
祖先ancestor
子孙 1.descendant 2.offspring
3.posterity
My ancestors came from Germany.
我的祖先来自德国。
Mydescendants live in Australia.
我的子孙们住在澳洲。
Everyone of my offspring has blue eyes just like mine.
All my posterity has blue eyes just like mine.
我的子孙们都和我一样是蓝眼睛的。
叔叔 伯父uncle 婶婶伯母 aunt
He is my uncle
他是我的伯父
She is my aunt.
她是我的婶婶
外甥，侄子nephew 侄女，外甥女niece
He is my nephew.
She is my niece.
他是我的外甥
她是我的侄女
堂（表）兄弟姐妹cousin
He is my cousin
他是我的堂（表）哥（弟）。
祖父grandfather 祖母grandmother 外公grandpa
外婆grandma
He is my grandfather.
他是我的祖父
She is my grandmother.
她是我的祖母
Grandpa had a stroke.
外公心脏病发作
Grandma bought me a present for my birthday.
外婆买了生日礼物给我。
孙子（女）grandchild
也可以用grandson(孙子） granddaughter(孙女）
He is my grandchild
He is my grandson
他是我的孙子
She is my granddaughter.
她是我的孙女
我是以祖父的名字命名的
I was named after my grandfather.
兄弟姐妹sibling brother是兄弟
sister是姐妹 sibling男女双方
此外英文不说“排行老几”如果要问对方的排行，就要用
Where do you fit in among the sibling 这种说法
He is my older brother.
He is my big brother.
他是我哥哥
He is my youger brother.
He is my little brother.
他是我弟弟。
She is my older sister
She is my big sister.
她是我姐姐
She is my younger sister.
She is my little sister.
She is my baby sister.
她是我妹妹
核心家庭 小家庭 nuclear family
The number of nuclear families has increased after the
war.
二次大战后，小家庭增加了。
很熟
familiar
His name sounds familiar to me.
他的名字听起来很熟。
孤儿orphan
孤儿院orphan 托儿所 nursery home
他是个孤儿He was an orphan
她以前住在孤儿院 She used to live in an orphanage
她以前住在托儿所She used to live in a nursery home.
养子的，孕育foster
养父母foster parent(s)
foster也用在 foster democracy“孕育民主主义”这种地方。
They raised three foster kids.他们领养了三个小孩儿
We are foster parents of three
kids.我们是三个孩子的养父母。
We have to foster democracy我们必须孕育民主主义
领养 adopt
养子adopted child
I adopted two children我领养了两个孩子。
He was adopted by them他被他们领养了。
He is an adopted child.他是个养子
私生子 bastard
因为私生子听起来不甚好听，一般用比较委婉的说法，即私生子的illegitimate
child 非嫡出的孩子。
私生子的 out of wedlock
wedlock 在文章里指的是“婚姻生活”的意思
A bastard is a child of unmarried
parents.私生子是指未婚男女所生下的孩子
She was an illegitimate child
She was born out of wedlock
她是个私生女
遗传
被遗传 inherit
遗传继承inheritance heredity
英文的遗传和继承是同一个词
遗传的，世袭的 hereditary
I inherit my curly hair from my
mother.
我的卷发是遗传自妈妈
My weak body is an inheritance from my parents.
我的虚弱的体质遗传自妈妈
Heredity is determined by the genes
遗传是由基因决定的
Color blindness is hereditary.
色盲是遗传性的
基因 gene
基因的 genetic
I majored in genetic engineering
我专攻遗传学
天生的，先天的innate
后来的 acquired
Is it innate or acquired?
那是天生的，那是后天的
She has an innate charm.
她有一种与生俱来的魅力
本能instinct
本能地 by instinct
I dodged the ball by instinct.
我本能地闪过那个球
直觉
intuition
I made up my mind by trusting my intuition.
我靠直觉做了决定
传承（父传子，前朝传后世）hand down
The story was handed down from father to son.
那个故事由父亲传给儿子
前面已经学过down有“往下”的意思 如burn down“烧尽”
slow down“减速”settle down“安定下来”
育儿
养育小孩儿 1.raise a
child 2. bring up a
child 3. rear a
child
养动物或者植物用 breed这个词
It's hard to raise a child
It's hard to bring up a child
It's hard to rear a child
养育小孩儿不容易。
育儿child
raising
照顾小孩儿child
care
Child raising
Child raising is hard work.
育儿是件非常辛苦的工作
Childcare is hard work
照顾小孩儿是件非常辛苦的工作
长大，成长 growth
I grew up in Tokyo
我是在东京长大的
成长growth
Children show rapid growth.
小孩儿的成长特别快
母乳 1.mother's milk 2.breast
milk
He was fed on his mother's milk
他小时侯是喝母乳的
My breast milk was not enough
我的母乳不够多
喝母乳长大的breast-fed
喝牛奶长大的 bottle-fed
喂母乳breast-feeding
She was breast-fed
她小时侯是喝母乳的
She was bottle-fed
他小时侯是喝牛奶的
Breast -feeding is considered better than bottle-feeding in
general.
一般来说，喂母乳比喂牛奶好。
奶瓶 1.nursing bottle 2.nurser
nurse 除了“护士”之外，还有“授乳”的意思。
奶粉powdered milk
Warm the nursing bottle.
Warm the nurser.
温奶瓶。
He was fed on powdered milk.
他是喝奶粉长大的。
摇篮 cradle
cradle还有“发祥地”的意思。
文明发祥地cradle of civilization.
Rock the cradle
摇动摇篮
Social security was made available from the cradle to the
grave in Britain.
在英国，一个人从躺在摇篮里到进入坟墓，一生的社会福利都很完善。
Egypt is the cradle of civilization.
埃及是文明的发祥地。
婴儿车 1.stroller 2.buggy
婴儿车baby carriage.
I had to carry the stroller up the steps.
I had to carry the buggy up the steps.
我必须抬着婴儿车上楼梯。
The baby in the baby carriage was smiling.
婴儿车里的小婴儿在笑。
奶嘴１.teething ring（环状）
2.pacifier (乳头状)
Where is his teething ring?
Where is his pacifier.
他的奶嘴在哪里？
发声玩具 rattle
She is looking for the rattle
她在找那个发声玩具。
布娃娃，绒毛玩具
stuffed animal
小熊的布娃娃 stuffed (animal) bear
There were lots of stuffed animals in her room
她的房间里有好多布娃娃。
There were lots of stuffed bears in her room
她的房间里有好多小熊的布娃娃。
绘本picture book
The kids are reading a picture book
孩子们正在看绘本
藏猫猫 Peekaboo!
拳王泰森的拳击姿势也很像，因此称为
peekaboo style.
摇篮曲 1.lullaby 2. nursery rhyme [raim]
童谣 children's song
She is singing a lullaby to the kids
She is singing a nursery rhyme to the kids.
她在为孩子们唱摇篮曲
She is singing a children's song to the kids.
她在为孩子们唱童谣
爬 crawl
东倒西歪地走 toddle
He crawled for the first time
他的第一次开始爬
He started crawling.
他开始爬
He started to toddle
他开始东倒西歪的走
日光浴 sunbath
做日光浴 sunbath
I took a sunbath in the afternoon
我下午做了一个日光浴
I had him sunbathe in the afternoon
下午我让他做了个日光浴
断乳wean
离乳食物 baby food
You should wean him on baby food
你应该让他断乳，改喂离乳食物。
爱 affection
充满爱的 affectionate
Mothers have affection for their kids.
母亲们都爱自己的孩子
I received an affectionate letter from my fiance.
我收到未婚妻写来的一封充满爱意的信
牵连 bonds
经常使用复数
We are tied by strong bonds.
我们之间有非常深的关系
There are strong bonds between my mother and I.
母亲与我之间有着很深的牵连
模范丈夫 exemplary father
exemplary要注意发音
He is an exemplary father.
他是个模范丈夫
理想的丈夫 ideal husband
He is an ideal husband.
他是个理想的丈夫
完美的perfect
不完美的imperfect
Nobody is perfect
没有人是十全十美的
Everyone is imperfect.
每一个人都是不完美的
照顾婴儿1.take care of a baby 2.look
after a baby.
I have to take care of the baby today.
I have to look after the baby today.
我今天必须照顾婴儿
给婴儿洗澡bathe a baby
She is now bathing the baby
她正在给婴儿洗澡
确定主语是“她”的话，婴儿也被限定，所以要the baby.the
后主要是看跟在后面的名词是否被限定，而且必须是在说话的人和听话的人彼此都知道的情况下使用。
抱婴儿hold a baby (in my arm)
缠着母亲 cling to his mother
Hold the baby
Hold the baby in your arms
抱着婴儿
He clung to his mother
他紧缠着母亲
He tried to cling to his mother
他想缠着母亲
尿布 diaper
换尿布 change the diaper
Change the diaper, will you ?
可以帮我换一下尿布吗？
尿床wet the bed
尿床bed- wetting
He wet his bed
他尿床了
I’m fed up with your bed-wetting .
我受够了你尿床
尿湿裤子wet [piss] his pants
He wet his pants
He pissed his pants
他尿湿了裤子
尿尿（儿语）1.wee-wee 2.pee-pee
Wee-wee? Pee-pee要尿尿吗？
便便（儿语）caca
Caca要便便吗
教养
教养1. discipline 2. upbringing
discipline也可以当成动词，另外，还有‘锻炼，修养，规律’的意思，所以
disciple是“弟子，徒弟”的意思。“弟子，徒弟”还可以说成apprentice.
She’s had no discipline
她非常有教养
It’s hard to discipline
教养小孩儿很不简单
She had a good upbringing
她有良好的教养
He is my disciple
He is my apprentice
他是我的徒弟
教养好 well-disciplined
教养差 poorly - disciplined
She is well- disciplined
她的教养好
She is poorly- disciplined
她的教养差
我的家教很严 My parents are
strict.
已经习惯了
1.I got used to it. 2.I got accustomed to it.
我已经习惯了 I’m used to it
你对他要求太严格了 You are too hard
on him
公平的 fair
不公平的 unfair
fair作为名词 还有“市集，博览会”的意思
You are not fair
你不公平
You are unfair
你不公平
玉不琢不成器
Spare the rod and spoil the
child
spare是“节省，不舍得用”的意思。
No effort will be spared to find the
killer.
为了找到那个杀人犯，不惜做任何努力
有空的时候
spare time
Can you help me with French in your spare time?
你有空的时候可以教我法文吗？
成语proverb
古谚 old saying
This is a proverb那是一句成语
That is an old saying 那是一句古谚
警句 epigram
格言 maxim
That is an epigram那是一句警句
That is a maxim那是一句格言
有规矩 有礼貌have good manners
没规矩have bad manners
He has good manners
他很有规矩
He has bad manners
他的规矩很不好。
我以我儿子为荣 I’m proud of my
son.
引以为荣的地方 feather in my cap
掌上明珠 the apple of his eye
That son is a feather in his
cap儿子是他最大的骄傲
He is the apple of my
eye.他是我的最爱
在别人面前要守规矩 Behave yourself in
public.
behave是“表现，行动”的意思，名词是behavior
“行动，态度”
His behavior was beyond my
endurance他的行为已经让我无法忍受
教训 1.lecture 2.tell off
3.preach
preach 是从“（在教会里）”传道”这个词衍生来的。
说教 lecture
I told him off for bullying
her他捉弄她，于是我教训了他一顿。
I preached to him about responsibility我教训他有关责任的问题
别教训我 I don’t need a lecture
警告 1.warn 2.caution
警告注意1.warning 2. caution
I warned you not to do it.
I cautioned you not to do it
.我已经警告过你不要那样做
I took a warning from him.我受到了他的警告
I gave you a caution.我已经警告过你
做个乖孩子 Try to be a good sport
good sport 是惯用语 意思是“好孩子，乖孩子”sport
还有散心的意思。
in sport 则是开玩笑地 make sport of him 是“捉弄“的意思。
I said that in sport.我开玩笑的啦！
Don’t make sport of him
不要捉弄他。
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