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Lesson 06 Smash-and-grab 砸橱窗抢劫
New words and expression 生词和短语
smash-and-grab n.砸橱窗抢劫
smash vt.打碎, 粉碎(= break sth into pieces
violently)violently adv.猛烈地
-- Smash the car.
Smash vi.打碎, 粉碎(-- The dishes smashed on the
floor.)
smash
grab v.抢夺, 掠夺, 夺取(= seize suddenly)
-- He grabbed me by the arm.
-- He grabbed the coin and ran off. 他抓起硬币就跑了。
snatch vt.抢, 夺取(= catch sth/sb suddenly and
violently)
-- The big bird snatches the hen from the ground.
Seize v.抓住, 逮住, 夺取(强调抓住、抓到的结果)
-- Fear
catch vt.捕获, 赶上(车船等) (= get hold of sth/sb
moving)
-- catch mouse / catch bus / catch a thief
Grasp 强调“掌握”
-- We have already grasped six thousand words.
Hold 强调抓牢、抓紧(catch hold of 抓住)
-- He is holding an umbrella.
arcade n.有拱廊的街道(两旁常设商店)
Piccadilly n.皮卡迪利大街
Jewellery n.珠宝(总称)
Necklace n.项链
Ring n.戒指
Background n.背景 (on the background of sth.)
-- background information 背景资料
-- a man of excellent background 有很好的背景的人
velvet n.天鹅绒,丝绒
headlight n.(汽车等)前灯
blare v.发嘟嗜声,吼叫
staff n.全体工作人员
raid n.偷袭 / raid vt., vi.袭击, 突击
scramble v.爬行(= creep quickly)
-- The two thieves scrambled into their car.
Climb vt.爬上(-- climb up the tree)
Mount vt.登上(-- mount the hill)
Fantastic adj.
1> = very great / very large 非常大的
-- a fantastic sum of money = a very large sum of money
2> = strange adj.奇怪的, 奇异的
-- a strange dream = a fantastic dream
3> = wonderful adj.极好的, 美好的, 极妙的
-- a fantastic play.
ashtray n.烟灰缸
owner n.所有者, 业主
admire vt. 以赞赏的眼光看着
busily adv.忙碌地
arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商
horn n.(牛、羊等的)角, 喇叭
roar vi.吼叫, 怒号
jeweler n.珠宝商, 宝石匠,钟表匠
wheel n.(汽车的)方向盘
iron n.铁 adj.铁的
furniture n.家具
diamond n.钻石, 菱形
Text 课文
How did Mr. Taylor try to stop the thieves?
The expensive shops in a famous arcade near Piccadilly were
just "opening.
介词短语修饰shops
-- The shoe shop in my neighborhood was just opening.
在我家附近的鞋店刚刚开门营业
At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty.
Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new
window display.
BeiJing, our capital, is developing enormously.
-- enormously adv.非常地, 巨大地(= at fantastic speed)
Two of his assistants had been working busily since eight
o‘clock and had only just finished.
Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a
background of black
velvet.
After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor
went back into his shop.
After gazing at… = After he gazed at…
After having gazed at… = After he had gazed at…
The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its
headlights on and its horn
blaring, roared down the arcade.
with的符合结构:(独立主格结构)
1>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系,应该采用现在分词形式作宾补。
-- She sat staring into the distance with tears streaming down
her cheeks.
她坐着凝视着远方泪流满面。 (Cheek n.脸颊, 面颊)
-- She stood there with her hands resting on her hips
2>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系,应该采用过去分词形式作宾补。
-- He ran into the room with his face covered with tears.
-- With his homework finished, he felt happy.
3>如果表达某事将要发生,要用动词不定式to;
-- With a lot of work to do, he can‘t go to the cinema.
4>如果是说明当时的情况,常用形容词、副词、介词短语表明宾语的状态;
-- He used to sleep with all the windows open.(open
adj.开着的)
-- He went out with his hat on.(on是副词)
-- With the meeting over, we went home.(over adv.结束)
-- He came in with a knife in his hand.(in his hand
--介词短语)
-- Tow others with black stockings over their faces jumped
out.(over their faces --介词短语)
另外两个脸上蒙着黑色袜子的人跳了出来。
5>总结:
with用于句首或句尾,常表示状语、行为方式、原因、伴随状况等。
with如果跟在名词之后,是用来修饰限定该名词。
-- a thief with stocking over his face.
-- a teacher with a book under his arm.
-- a room with the windows open.
It came to a stop outside the jeweller‘s.
come
-- come to a stop停下来 / come to an end结束 / come to a
decision做出决定
-- come to an agreement达成协议 / come to an
understanding互相理解
-- come to success获得成功, come to fame成名
停车
at the barber‘s在理发店 / at the butcher‘s在肉店 / at the
baker‘s在面包店
at the greengrocer‘s在蔬菜水果店 / at the grocer‘s在杂货店 /
at the stationer‘s 在文具店
at the tobacconist‘s在烟草店 / at the chemist‘s在药店
barber n.理发员, 理发师
butcher n.屠夫, 肉商
baker n.面包师, 面包工人 n.<美>(便携式)烘炉
greengrocer n.蔬菜水果商人 n.蔬菜水果商店
grocer n.食品商人 n.杂货店
stationer n.文具商人 n.文具店
tobacconist n.烟草商人 n.烟店
chemist n.化学家, 药剂师
One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black
stocking over their faces jumped
out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars.
While this was going on, Mr. Taylor was upstairs.
He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the
window.
Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade.
One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too
busy helping himself to
diamonds to notice any pain.
help
-- My roommate helped herself to my clothes without asking
me.
The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled
back into the car and it moved
off at a fantastic speed.
at a fantastic speed / at a tremendous speed / at a high speed
/ at a full speed
with great speed
Just as it was leaving, Mr. Taylor rushed out and ran after it
throwing ashtrays and vases,
but it was impossible to stop the thieves.
They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of
diamonds.
hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of jewel
Special difficulties 难点
前缀构词法:
1> dis
加在形容词前
-- agreeable(adj.使人愉快的) à
disagreeable(adj.不愉快的)
-- content(adj.满意的 vt.使满足) à discontent(adj.不满的
vt.令人不满 n.不满)
-- graceful(adj.优美的) à disgraceful(adj.使失体面的,
耻辱的)
-- honest(adj.诚实的, 正直的) à
dishonest(adj.不诚实的)
-- satisfactory(adj.满意的) à
dissatisfactory(adj.不满意的)
加在名词前
-- agreement(n.同意) à disagreement(n.意见不同)
-- honesty(n.诚实, 正直) à dishonesty(n.不诚实,
不老实)
-- ability(n.能力, 才干) à disability(n.无力, 无能)
-- grace(n.优美, 雅致) à disgrace(n.耻辱)
-- comfort(n.舒适 vt.安慰) à discomfort(n.不舒适
vt.使不舒适)
可以加在动词前
-- agree(v.同意) à disagree(v.不同意)
-- appear(vi.出现) à disappear(vi.消失, 不见)
-- believe(相信, 信任) à disbelieve(v.不信, 怀疑)
在名词前加dis得到动词, 表示除去、解除。
-- courage(n.勇气, 精神) à discourage(vt.使气馁)
-- root(n.根, 根部) à disroot / unroot(vt.连根拔除)
-- mask(n.面具, 掩饰 v.戴面具, 掩饰) à unmask /
dismask(vt.揭露, 暴露)
-- burden(n.担子, 负担 v.负担) à
disburden(v.解除负担)
2>il -- 加在以i开头的形容词之前
-- legal(adj.法律的, 法定的) à illegal(adj.违法的)
-- logical(adj.合乎逻辑的) à
illogical(adj.不合逻辑的)
-- literate(adj.有文化的 n.学者) à
illiterate(adj.没受教育的 n.文盲)
3>im -- 加在以b, m, p开头的形容词之前
-- possible(adj.可能的) à impossible(adj.不可能的)
-- mortal(adj.必死的, 人类的) à immortal(adj.不朽的)
-- moral(adj.道德的) à immoral(adj.不道德的)
-- balanced(adj.平衡的) à imbalanced(adj.不平衡的)
-- balance (n.平衡) à imbalance(n.不平衡)
4>ir -- 加在以r开头的形容词之前
-- regular(adj.规则的) à irregular(adj.不规则的)
-- rational(adj.理性的) à irrational(adj.无理性的)
-- resistible(adj.可抵抗的) à
irresistlble(adj.不可抵抗的)
5>in --主要用于其它字母开头的词之前
-- human(adj.人性的) à inhuman(adj.野蛮的)
-- correct(adj.正确的) à incorrect(adj.不正确的)
-- justice(n.正义, 公平) à injustice(n.不正义,
不公平)
-- sincere(adj.真诚的) à insincere(adj.虚假的,
不真诚的)
6>un --只能用于形容词和动词之前
不
-- happy(adj.快乐的) à unhappy(adj.不幸的, 不快乐的)
-- friendly(adj.友好的) à unfriendly(adj.不友好的)
-- lucky(adj.幸运的) à unlucky(adj.不幸的)
无
-- conditional(adj.有条件的) à
unconditional(adj.无条件的)
-- limited(adj.有限的) à unlimited(adj.无限的)
非
-- official(adj.官方的, 正式的) à unofficial(adj.非官方的,
非正式的)
-- just(adj.正义的, 公正的) à unjust(adj.不公平的)
未(主要用于过去分词之前)
-- undecided(adj.未定的) à unfinished(adj.未完成的)
-- unexpected(adj.未预料到) à unhurt(adj.没有受伤的)
用于动词之前表示做相反的动作
-- lock(v.锁, 锁上) à unlock(vt.开...锁)
-- tie(vt.系, 打结) à untie(vi.松开, 解开)
-- cover(vt.覆盖) à uncover(vt.揭开, 揭露)
-- pack(vt.包装) à unpack(v.打开包裹)
-- dress(v.穿衣) à undress(vt.使脱衣服)
-- load(v.装载) à unload(v.卸货)
Exercise:
1> polite(adj.有礼貌的) à impolite(adj.无礼的,
粗鲁的)
2> agree à disagree
3> legible(adj.清晰的, 易读的) à illegible(adj.难辨认的,
字迹模糊的)
4> accurate(adj.正确的, 精确的) à inaccurate(adj.错误的,
不准确的)
5> locked à unlocked
6> regular à irregular
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1.B正确 on
-- He is on the/his way to become a lawyer.
2.A正确 warn
in
-- You are in my way. 挡住了我的去路。
3.C正确
4. C正确
形容词和名词共同修饰名词时, 形容词在前, 名词在后。(adj + n
+被修的名词)
-- an old village school
-- an empty beer glass
5.B正确 做句子结构题时要和原文加以对比
6. A正确 made
7. A正确 began doing something = began to do something
8.D正确
9. A正确
accelerate v.加速, 促进
-- The driver accelerated to pass the other car.
speed v.加快(加快动作和工作的进程, 常和up连用)
-- We‘d better speed up, if we want to get there in
time.
-- The car sped along the road.
Reverse vt.倒车, 颠倒, 倒转
-- The car reversed through the gate.
10. A正确
Overdressed v.(使)穿得太讲究
-- I fell rather overdressed in this smart suit.
Overlooked vt.俯瞰, 远眺
11. B正确
for the time being = temporarily(adv.临时)
meanwhile =
at
As
for
12. C正确
fly à flew à flown (fly 是不及物动词,
不能用于被动语态。)
-- go
-- send
-- A gust of wind sent the paper flying in all directions
一阵风刮得纸片到处乱飞。
hurl vt.用力投掷
project v.发射 (= send up 发出, 射出, 长出)
Lesson 14 A noble gangster 贵族歹徒
New words and expression 生词和短语
Gangster n.歹徒, 强盗
--
a
robber n.抢劫犯, 抢劫者
bandit n.强盗, 土匪
brigand n.强盗, 土匪, 盗贼, 草寇(书面用语)
hooligan n.流氓, 不良分子
hoodlum n.罪犯, 恶汉(口语)
rascal n.淘气, 捣蛋鬼(口语)
hand
--
a
mob
--
a
gang
nest
pack
Chicago n.芝加哥(美国城市)
Protection n.保护 (-- protection
protect vt.保护(protect…from…)
-- We must protect our eyes from the sunshine.
Protector(n.保护者) Protective(adj.保护的)
Protege
Promptly adv.准时地
-- I give him a ring and he call me back promptly.
-- He was so sleepy that he went to sleep promptly.
on
punctual(adj.严守时刻的, 准时的) punctually
destroy v.毁掉;消灭
destroy
-- The earthquake destroyed the city. / You destroyed his
dream.
Damage
-- The big clock was damaged.
Break
-- Two of the strings were broken.
spoil
-- spoil the party / spoil the holiday
remarkable adj.不寻常的(同意词:unusual, uncommon,
extraordinary)
--
a
outstanding(adj.突出的,杰出的,卓越的)
-- Our headmaster is an outstanding youth.(n.年轻人,
青少年)
Distinguished(adj.
Eminent(adj.
Distinguished和eminent是同义词(都是用来修饰严肃领域的人)
-- a distinguished physicist(n.物理学家), an eminent
surgeon(n.外科医生)
-- an eminent judge(n.法官), a distinguished
lawyer(n.律师)
well-known
adj.众所周知的(
-- She is well-known in the musical world. / This is well-known
fact.
famous adj.著名的(因卓越的贡献和成绩而流芳百世的)
-- He is a famous movie star. / Luxun is famous for his
articles.
Notorious
-- Hitler is notorious.(Hitler n.希特勒)
infamous
renowned
-- Hangzhou is renowned for its beautiful scenery.(n.风景,
景色)
Florence n.佛罗伦萨(意大利城市)
city-state n.(古代)城邦
hire v.租出, 雇给
hire
-- Does this firm hire out cars?
Rent v.租, 租借, 出租 n.租金
rent
-- He rent out his house to a tourist.
Let
出租(let
--
Please
hire
-- He hired a car from us. / I rent a room from Mrs.
Johnson.
hire指短期雇佣体力劳动者
-- He hired two helpers
employ指长期雇佣或聘用脑力劳动者
-- We employed her as our advisor.(n.顾问)
-- The factory employed 500 workers.
Prince n.君主, 诸候 n.王子
Florentine n.佛罗伦萨人
Funeral n.葬礼
Dedicate v.奉献, 题献给(dedicate to)
dedicate sth to sb
-- He dedicated his first book to his mother
dedicate 献身, 奉献(比devote更为正式而庄重)
dedicate…to sth
-- I devote my time to helping my students.
-- He dedicates his life to his motherland.
-- He dedicated his life to science.
Memory n.纪念
Memory n.记忆, 记忆力, 存储器, 内存
-- You have a good memory.
-- If my memory serves me well, you‘re Tom.
如果我没有记错的话。
in memory of… = to the memory of… 为了纪念…
-- in memory of him = to the memory of him 为了纪念他
in sb’s honor = in honor of sb 为纪念某人, 为庆祝某人
-- we held a party in his honor. = we held a party in honor of
him.
Valiant adj.英勇的(强调非常勇敢)
-- During war, soldiers are valiant.
Brave adj.勇敢的
-- The boy is brave.
Fearless adj.大无畏的, 无所畏惧的
-- We are fearless in time of danger.
courageous
noble adj.高尚的, 贵族的, 高贵的 n.贵族
obtain vt.获得, 得到
crime n.犯罪, 犯罪行为, 罪行
settle vt.安放, 使定居 vi.安家, 定居
demand v.要求, 需要 n.要求, 需求(量), 需要
march vi.进军, 前进
Italian n.意大利人, 意大利语 adj.意大利的, 意大利语的,
意大利文化的
Offer vt., vi.提供, 提出
Notable adj. 著名的, 显著的,值得注意的
Signor n.阁下, 君
Text 课文
How did Haywood make in times of peace?
There was a tine when the owners of shops and businesses in
Chicago that to pay large sums
of money to gangsters in return for ‘protection.‘
pay
in
-- He gave me some books in return for my help.
when
-- There was a time when mini skirt was in fashion.(Mini
n.迷你型, 袖珍型)
If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly
put a man out of business
by destroying his shop.
Promptly = immediately
put
put
-- You are putting me out of patience. 你使我失去耐心了。
-- You have already put everything out of order.
--
Put
by
-- You are putting me out of patience by disturbing me.
Obtaining ‘protection money‘ is not a modern crime.
Obtaining = getting
As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John
Hawkwood, made the
remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of
money than have their life
work destroyed by gangsters.
as
-- I knew Jane as long ago as the year 1980.
make
would
-- He would rather die than surrender.(vi.投降, 自首)
-- I would rather play tennis than swim.
would prefer to do ... than do...
would prefer doing ... to doing...
-- He would prefer to die than surrender.
-- He would prefer dying to surrendering.
would
-- I would rather that you were not here.
我宁愿你不在这。(暗含:实际你在这)
-- I would rather that I didn‘t see you.
-- He would rather that he didn‘t hear the news.
life
Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with
a band of soldiers and
settled near Florence.
settled
He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the
Italians as Giovanni Acuto.
made a name for himself = become famous
-- They soon made quite a name for themselves as pop
singers.
come
come
-- I come to be known to my students.
-- I got to know him.
Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other,
Hawkwood used to hire his
soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he
demanded.
Whenever 无论什么时候
at
hire 表示出租
who指代prince
he demanded = Hawkwood demanded
In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men
would march into a
city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to
go away if protection money
was paid to them.
in
march
burn
-- The house was burned out only walls left.
房子被了只剩下墙壁。
would offer to go away = would promise to go away
Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of
this, the Italians regarded
him as a sort of hero.
in
People in different countries have different opinions.
The Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.
When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a
state funeral and had a
pictured which was dedicated to the memory of ‘the most
valiant soldier and most notable
leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue.‘
give
have sth done
Signor n.先生(意大利语)
which
be dedicated to the memory of sb
the


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