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新概念英语第三册第六课

(2007-09-21 08:40:24)
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Lesson 06 Smash-and-grab 砸橱窗抢劫
  New words and expression 生词和短语
  smash-and-grab n.砸橱窗抢劫
  smash vt.打碎, 粉碎(= break sth into pieces violently)violently adv.猛烈地
  -- Smash the car.
  Smash vi.打碎, 粉碎(-- The dishes smashed on the floor.)
  smash into 撞击到某处 (-- The bus smashed into a tree.)
  
  grab v.抢夺, 掠夺, 夺取(= seize suddenly)
  -- He grabbed me by the arm.
  -- He grabbed the coin and ran off. 他抓起硬币就跑了。
  snatch vt.抢, 夺取(= catch sth/sb suddenly and violently)
  -- The big bird snatches the hen from the ground.
  Seize v.抓住, 逮住, 夺取(强调抓住、抓到的结果) 
  -- Fear seized her. 她突然感觉很恐惧。
  catch vt.捕获, 赶上(车船等) (= get hold of sth/sb moving)
  -- catch mouse / catch bus / catch a thief
  Grasp 强调“掌握”
  -- We have already grasped six thousand words.
  Hold 强调抓牢、抓紧(catch hold of 抓住)
  -- He is holding an umbrella.
  
  arcade n.有拱廊的街道(两旁常设商店)
  Piccadilly n.皮卡迪利大街
  Jewellery n.珠宝(总称)
  Necklace n.项链
  Ring n.戒指
  
  Background n.背景 (on the background of sth.)
  -- background information 背景资料
  -- a man of excellent background 有很好的背景的人
  
  velvet n.天鹅绒,丝绒
  headlight n.(汽车等)前灯
  blare v.发嘟嗜声,吼叫
  staff n.全体工作人员
  raid n.偷袭 / raid vt., vi.袭击, 突击
  
  scramble v.爬行(= creep quickly)
  -- The two thieves scrambled into their car.
  Climb vt.爬上(-- climb up the tree)
  Mount vt.登上(-- mount the hill)
  Fantastic adj. 非常大的
  1> = very great / very large 非常大的
  -- a fantastic sum of money = a very large sum of money
  2> = strange adj.奇怪的, 奇异的
  -- a strange dream = a fantastic dream
  3> = wonderful adj.极好的, 美好的, 极妙的
  -- a fantastic play.
  
  ashtray n.烟灰缸
  
  owner n.所有者, 业主
  admire vt. 以赞赏的眼光看着
  busily adv.忙碌地
  arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商
  horn n.(牛、羊等的)角, 喇叭
  roar vi.吼叫, 怒号
  jeweler n.珠宝商, 宝石匠,钟表匠
  wheel n.(汽车的)方向盘
  iron n.铁 adj.铁的
  furniture n.家具
  diamond n.钻石, 菱形
  
  Text 课文
  How did Mr. Taylor try to stop the thieves?
  The expensive shops in a famous arcade near Piccadilly were just "opening.
  介词短语修饰shops
  -- The shoe shop in my neighborhood was just opening.
   在我家附近的鞋店刚刚开门营业
  
  At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty.
  
  Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new window display.
  BeiJing, our capital, is developing enormously.
  -- enormously adv.非常地, 巨大地(= at fantastic speed)
  
  Two of his assistants had been working busily since eight o‘clock and had only just finished.
  Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black
  velvet.
  
  After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop.
  After gazing at… = After he gazed at…
  After having gazed at… = After he had gazed at…
  
  The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn
  blaring, roared down the arcade.
  with的符合结构:(独立主格结构)
  1>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系,应该采用现在分词形式作宾补。
  -- She sat staring into the distance with tears streaming down her cheeks.
   她坐着凝视着远方泪流满面。 (Cheek n.脸颊, 面颊)
  -- She stood there with her hands resting on her hips
  2>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系,应该采用过去分词形式作宾补。
  -- He ran into the room with his face covered with tears.
  -- With his homework finished, he felt happy.
  3>如果表达某事将要发生,要用动词不定式to;
  -- With a lot of work to do, he can‘t go to the cinema.
  4>如果是说明当时的情况,常用形容词、副词、介词短语表明宾语的状态;
  -- He used to sleep with all the windows open.(open adj.开着的)
  -- He went out with his hat on.(on是副词)
  -- With the meeting over, we went home.(over adv.结束)
  -- He came in with a knife in his hand.(in his hand --介词短语)
  -- Tow others with black stockings over their faces jumped out.(over their faces --介词短语)
   另外两个脸上蒙着黑色袜子的人跳了出来。
  5>总结:
  with用于句首或句尾,常表示状语、行为方式、原因、伴随状况等。
  with如果跟在名词之后,是用来修饰限定该名词。
  -- a thief with stocking over his face.
  -- a teacher with a book under his arm.
  -- a room with the windows open.
  
  It came to a stop outside the jeweller‘s.
  come to 后面常接名词, 表示达到
  -- come to a stop停下来 / come to an end结束 / come to a decision做出决定
  -- come to an agreement达成协议 / come to an understanding互相理解
  -- come to success获得成功, come to fame成名
  停车 stop = draw up = pull up
  
  at the barber‘s在理发店 / at the butcher‘s在肉店 / at the baker‘s在面包店
  at the greengrocer‘s在蔬菜水果店 / at the grocer‘s在杂货店 / at the stationer‘s 在文具店
  at the tobacconist‘s在烟草店 / at the chemist‘s在药店
  barber n.理发员, 理发师
  butcher n.屠夫, 肉商
  baker n.面包师, 面包工人 n.<美>(便携式)烘炉
  greengrocer n.蔬菜水果商人 n.蔬菜水果商店
  grocer n.食品商人 n.杂货店
  stationer n.文具商人 n.文具店
  tobacconist n.烟草商人 n.烟店
  chemist n.化学家, 药剂师
  One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stocking over their faces jumped
  out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars.
  While this was going on, Mr. Taylor was upstairs.
  He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window.
  Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade.
  
  One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to
  diamonds to notice any pain.
  help oneself to 自便
  -- My roommate helped herself to my clothes without asking me.
  
  The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved
  off at a fantastic speed.
  at a fantastic speed / at a tremendous speed / at a high speed / at a full speed
  with great speed
  
  Just as it was leaving, Mr. Taylor rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases,
  but it was impossible to stop the thieves.
  
  They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.
  hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of jewel
  
  Special difficulties 难点
  前缀构词法:
  1> dis
  加在形容词前
  -- agreeable(adj.使人愉快的) à disagreeable(adj.不愉快的)
  -- content(adj.满意的 vt.使满足) à discontent(adj.不满的 vt.令人不满 n.不满)
  -- graceful(adj.优美的) à disgraceful(adj.使失体面的, 耻辱的)
  -- honest(adj.诚实的, 正直的) à dishonest(adj.不诚实的)
  -- satisfactory(adj.满意的) à dissatisfactory(adj.不满意的)
  加在名词前
  -- agreement(n.同意) à disagreement(n.意见不同)
  -- honesty(n.诚实, 正直) à dishonesty(n.不诚实, 不老实)
  -- ability(n.能力, 才干) à disability(n.无力, 无能)
  -- grace(n.优美, 雅致) à disgrace(n.耻辱)
  -- comfort(n.舒适 vt.安慰) à discomfort(n.不舒适 vt.使不舒适)
  可以加在动词前
  -- agree(v.同意) à disagree(v.不同意)
  -- appear(vi.出现) à disappear(vi.消失, 不见)
  -- believe(相信, 信任) à disbelieve(v.不信, 怀疑)
  在名词前加dis得到动词, 表示除去、解除。 
  -- courage(n.勇气, 精神) à discourage(vt.使气馁)
  -- root(n.根, 根部) à disroot / unroot(vt.连根拔除)
  -- mask(n.面具, 掩饰 v.戴面具, 掩饰) à unmask / dismask(vt.揭露, 暴露)
  -- burden(n.担子, 负担 v.负担) à disburden(v.解除负担)
  2>il -- 加在以i开头的形容词之前
  -- legal(adj.法律的, 法定的) à illegal(adj.违法的)
  -- logical(adj.合乎逻辑的) à illogical(adj.不合逻辑的)
  -- literate(adj.有文化的 n.学者) à illiterate(adj.没受教育的 n.文盲)
  3>im -- 加在以b, m, p开头的形容词之前
  -- possible(adj.可能的) à impossible(adj.不可能的)
  -- mortal(adj.必死的, 人类的) à immortal(adj.不朽的)
  -- moral(adj.道德的) à immoral(adj.不道德的)
  -- balanced(adj.平衡的) à imbalanced(adj.不平衡的)
  -- balance (n.平衡) à imbalance(n.不平衡)
  4>ir -- 加在以r开头的形容词之前
  -- regular(adj.规则的) à irregular(adj.不规则的)
  -- rational(adj.理性的) à irrational(adj.无理性的)
  -- resistible(adj.可抵抗的) à irresistlble(adj.不可抵抗的)
  5>in --主要用于其它字母开头的词之前
  -- human(adj.人性的) à inhuman(adj.野蛮的)
  -- correct(adj.正确的) à incorrect(adj.不正确的)
  -- justice(n.正义, 公平) à injustice(n.不正义, 不公平)
  -- sincere(adj.真诚的) à insincere(adj.虚假的, 不真诚的)
  6>un --只能用于形容词和动词之前
  不
  -- happy(adj.快乐的) à unhappy(adj.不幸的, 不快乐的)
  -- friendly(adj.友好的) à unfriendly(adj.不友好的)
  -- lucky(adj.幸运的) à unlucky(adj.不幸的)
  无
  -- conditional(adj.有条件的) à unconditional(adj.无条件的)
  -- limited(adj.有限的) à unlimited(adj.无限的)
  非
  -- official(adj.官方的, 正式的) à unofficial(adj.非官方的, 非正式的)
  -- just(adj.正义的, 公正的) à unjust(adj.不公平的)
  未(主要用于过去分词之前)
  -- undecided(adj.未定的) à unfinished(adj.未完成的)
  -- unexpected(adj.未预料到) à unhurt(adj.没有受伤的)
  用于动词之前表示做相反的动作
  -- lock(v.锁, 锁上) à unlock(vt.开...锁)
  -- tie(vt.系, 打结) à untie(vi.松开, 解开)
  -- cover(vt.覆盖) à uncover(vt.揭开, 揭露)
  -- pack(vt.包装) à unpack(v.打开包裹)
  -- dress(v.穿衣) à undress(vt.使脱衣服)
  -- load(v.装载) à unload(v.卸货)
  
  Exercise:
  1> polite(adj.有礼貌的) à impolite(adj.无礼的, 粗鲁的)
  2> agree à disagree
  3> legible(adj.清晰的, 易读的) à illegible(adj.难辨认的, 字迹模糊的)
  4> accurate(adj.正确的, 精确的) à inaccurate(adj.错误的, 不准确的)
  5> locked à unlocked
  6> regular à irregular
  
  Multiple choice questions 多项选择
  1.B正确  on one‘s way to do 
  -- He is on the/his way to become a lawyer.
  
  2.A正确  warn somebody out of one‘s way 警告某人别挡住去路
  in one‘s way 挡住某人的去路
  -- You are in my way. 挡住了我的去路。
  
  3.C正确
  
  4. C正确
  形容词和名词共同修饰名词时, 形容词在前, 名词在后。(adj + n +被修的名词)
  -- an old village school
  -- an empty beer glass
  
  5.B正确   做句子结构题时要和原文加以对比
  
  6. A正确 made of  可以看出原材料
  
  7. A正确 began doing something = began to do something
  
  8.D正确
  
  9. A正确
  accelerate v.加速, 促进
  -- The driver accelerated to pass the other car.
  speed v.加快(加快动作和工作的进程, 常和up连用)
  -- We‘d better speed up, if we want to get there in time.
  -- The car sped along the road.
  Reverse vt.倒车, 颠倒, 倒转
  -- The car reversed through the gate.
  
  10. A正确 
  Overdressed v.(使)穿得太讲究
  -- I fell rather overdressed in this smart suit.
  Overlooked vt.俯瞰, 远眺
  
  11. B正确
  for the time being = temporarily(adv.临时)
  meanwhile = at the same time
  As it happened 随着这类事情的发生
  for while = for moment
  
  12. C正确
  fly à flew à flown (fly 是不及物动词, 不能用于被动语态。)
  -- go flying
  -- send sth flying (send sth doing) (direction n.方向)
  -- A gust of wind sent the paper flying in all directions 一阵风刮得纸片到处乱飞。
  hurl vt.用力投掷
  project v.发射 (= send up 发出, 射出, 长出)
  



Lesson 14 A noble gangster 贵族歹徒
  New words and expression 生词和短语
  Gangster n.歹徒, 强盗
  -- a band of gangsters 一伙强盗
  robber n.抢劫犯, 抢劫者
  bandit n.强盗, 土匪
  brigand n.强盗, 土匪, 盗贼, 草寇(书面用语)
  hooligan n.流氓, 不良分子
  hoodlum n.罪犯, 恶汉(口语)
  rascal n.淘气, 捣蛋鬼(口语)
  
  hand  n.帮, 团伙
  -- a band of robbers 一伙强盗
  mob  n. 一群(表示贬义色彩的团伙、帮派)
  -- a mob of hooligans 一伙流氓
  gang  n.一伙 (-- a gang of thieves)
  nest  n.窝 (-- a nest of bandits)
  pack  n.团伙、帮派(-- a pack of hoodlums)
  
  Chicago n.芝加哥(美国城市)
  
  Protection n.保护 (-- protection money 保护费)
  protect vt.保护(protect…from…)
  -- We must protect our eyes from the sunshine.
  Protector(n.保护者) Protective(adj.保护的)
  Protege  n.被保护者
  
  Promptly adv.准时地
  -- I give him a ring and he call me back promptly.
  -- He was so sleepy that he went to sleep promptly.
  on time 准时/in time 及时
  punctual(adj.严守时刻的, 准时的) punctually  adv.守时地
  
  destroy v.毁掉;消灭
  destroy  n.强调毁灭, 消灭, 完全的摧毁
  -- The earthquake destroyed the city. / You destroyed his dream.
  Damage  n.v.强调受损程度不很严重, 可以被修复 
  -- The big clock was damaged.
  Break  v.n.强调弄坏, 弄断
  -- Two of the strings were broken.
  spoil  v.强调把事情搅和了
  -- spoil the party / spoil the holiday
  remarkable adj.不寻常的(同意词:unusual, uncommon, extraordinary)
  -- a remarkable event , an extraordinary event 不同寻常的事件
  outstanding(adj.突出的,杰出的,卓越的)
  -- Our headmaster is an outstanding youth.(n.年轻人, 青少年)
  Distinguished(adj. 杰出的, 卓越的, 不同非凡的)
  Eminent(adj. 显赫的, 杰出的, 有名的, 优良的)
  Distinguished和eminent是同义词(都是用来修饰严肃领域的人)
  -- a distinguished physicist(n.物理学家), an eminent surgeon(n.外科医生)
  -- an eminent judge(n.法官), a distinguished lawyer(n.律师)
  well-known adj.众所周知的( 强调众所周知的)
  -- She is well-known in the musical world. / This is well-known fact.
  famous adj.著名的(因卓越的贡献和成绩而流芳百世的)
  -- He is a famous movie star. / Luxun is famous for his articles.
  Notorious  adj. 臭明昭著的, 臭名远扬的(= be famous for bad things)
  -- Hitler is notorious.(Hitler n.希特勒)
  infamous  adj.身名狼藉的(= Notorious)
  renowned  adj.某人或某事以其独特的品质、个性而闻名
  -- Hangzhou is renowned for its beautiful scenery.(n.风景, 景色)
  
  Florence n.佛罗伦萨(意大利城市)
  city-state n.(古代)城邦
  
  hire v.租出, 雇给
  hire out 出租
  -- Does this firm hire out cars?
  Rent v.租, 租借, 出租 n.租金
  rent out 租给, 雇给(主要强调出租房屋)
  -- He rent out his house to a tourist.
  Let 出租(let his house出租房屋)
  -- Please let your house to me. 请把房屋租给我吧?
  hire from,  rent from 租进来
  -- He hired a car from us. / I rent a room from Mrs. Johnson.
  hire指短期雇佣体力劳动者
  -- He hired two helpers
  employ指长期雇佣或聘用脑力劳动者
  -- We employed her as our advisor.(n.顾问)
  -- The factory employed 500 workers.
  
  Prince n.君主, 诸候 n.王子
  Florentine n.佛罗伦萨人
  Funeral n.葬礼
  
  Dedicate v.奉献, 题献给(dedicate to)
  dedicate sth to sb
  -- He dedicated his first book to his mother
  dedicate 献身, 奉献(比devote更为正式而庄重)
  dedicate…to sth
  -- I devote my time to helping my students.
  -- He dedicates his life to his motherland.
  -- He dedicated his life to science.
  
  Memory n.纪念
  Memory n.记忆, 记忆力, 存储器, 内存
  -- You have a good memory.
  -- If my memory serves me well, you‘re Tom. 如果我没有记错的话。
  in memory of… = to the memory of… 为了纪念…
  -- in memory of him = to the memory of him 为了纪念他
  in sb’s honor = in honor of sb 为纪念某人, 为庆祝某人
  -- we held a party in his honor. = we held a party in honor of him.
  
  Valiant adj.英勇的(强调非常勇敢)
  -- During war, soldiers are valiant.
  Brave adj.勇敢的
  -- The boy is brave.
  Fearless adj.大无畏的, 无所畏惧的
  -- We are fearless in time of danger.
  courageous  adj.有胆量的, 有勇气的
  
  noble adj.高尚的, 贵族的, 高贵的 n.贵族
  obtain vt.获得, 得到
  crime n.犯罪, 犯罪行为, 罪行
  settle vt.安放, 使定居 vi.安家, 定居
  demand v.要求, 需要 n.要求, 需求(量), 需要
  march vi.进军, 前进
  Italian n.意大利人, 意大利语 adj.意大利的, 意大利语的, 意大利文化的
  Offer vt., vi.提供, 提出
  Notable adj. 著名的, 显著的,值得注意的
  Signor n.阁下, 君
  
  Text 课文
  How did Haywood make in times of peace?
  There was a tine when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago that to pay large sums
  of money to gangsters in return for ‘protection.‘
  pay large sums of money to sb 向某人付大笔大笔的费用
  in return for… 目的是为了换取…, 作为对…的回报
  -- He gave me some books in return for my help.
  when 引导状语从句修饰time
  -- There was a time when mini skirt was in fashion.(Mini n.迷你型, 袖珍型)
  
  If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business
  by destroying his shop.
  Promptly = immediately
  put man out of business 使某人失业
  put sb/sth out of... 使某人失去…
  -- You are putting me out of patience. 你使我失去耐心了。
  -- You have already put everything out of order.
  -- Put it out of your mind. 忘记这件事情吧。
  by destroying his shop 通过…手段
  -- You are putting me out of patience by disturbing me.
  
  Obtaining ‘protection money‘ is not a modern crime.
  Obtaining = getting
  
  As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the
  remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life
  work destroyed by gangsters.
  as long ago as 追溯回到(= dating back to = date from)
  -- I knew Jane as long ago as the year 1980.
  make the remarkable discovery 做出不同寻常的发现
  would rather do... than do... 宁愿…而不…
  -- He would rather die than surrender.(vi.投降, 自首)
  -- I would rather play tennis than swim.
  would prefer to do ... than do...
  would prefer doing ... to doing...
  -- He would prefer to die than surrender.
  -- He would prefer dying to surrendering.
  would rather(sooner) + that 宾语从句(过去式)-- 虚拟语气
  -- I would rather that you were not here. 我宁愿你不在这。(暗含:实际你在这)
  -- I would rather that I didn‘t see you.
  -- He would rather that he didn‘t hear the news.
  life work 毕生的事业 / have sth done
  
  Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and
  settled near Florence.
  settled near Florence  定居在 Florence 附近
  
  He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.
  made a name for himself = become famous
  -- They soon made quite a name for themselves as pop singers.
  come to = get to 渐渐的
  come to be known 渐渐被人所熟知
  -- I come to be known to my students.
  -- I got to know him.
  
  Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his
  soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded.
  Whenever 无论什么时候
  at war 交战 / at war with… 于…交战
  hire 表示出租
  who指代prince
  he demanded = Hawkwood demanded
  
  In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a
  city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money
  was paid to them.
  in time of peace 在和平期间
  march into 大踏步行军
  burn down 烧毁 / burn up烧光 / burn out 烧空
  -- The house was burned out only walls left. 房子被了只剩下墙壁。
  would offer to go away = would promise to go away
  
  Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded
  him as a sort of hero.
  in spite of this 尽管如此
  People in different countries have different opinions.
  The Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.
  
  When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a
  pictured which was dedicated to the memory of ‘the most valiant soldier and most notable
  leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue.‘
  give sb a state funeral 给某人举行国葬
  have sth done
  Signor n.先生(意大利语)
  which 指代picture
  be dedicated to the memory of sb
  the most valiant 比较级的最高级形式
  
  

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