天使爱美丽

 新概念英语三册讲议第三课

Lesson 3
          An unknown goddess 无名女神
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
 
     ★goddess(tile) n.   女神

     ★archaeologist n.   考古学家

     ★Aegean adj. 爱玲海的

★     explore v.   考察，勘探  （exploration n. Explorer n. 探险家）
The archaeologists are exploring the cave.

explore the Antarctic regions 南极地区考察[探险]。

Explore space. 探索宇宙    
     ★promontory n.   海角

★     prosperous adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的
our finance is prosperous

prosperous hour 恰好，刚好。
thriving 昌盛的，兴旺的
booming  蓬勃的，景气的
flourishing  繁茂的，健康的

civilization n.   文明 （civilize v.）
high level of civilization 高度文明

   ★storey .   楼层

     ★drainage n.   排水

★worship n.   祟拜 （respect; admire）
Who do you worship in the world?
warship n. 军舰战船

     ★sacred adj. 宗教的，神圣的（holy adj. 神圣的，圣洁的）
solemn adj. 庄严的，庄重的
sacred music 圣乐
sacred promise 神圣的诺言

a sacred disease 疯癫。

a sacred number (宗教上)神秘的数字〔特指7〕。

a sacred place 【法律】坟墓。

 the sacred cat (古埃及的)神猫。

the sacred beetle＝scarab. a monument sacred to the memory of sb. (某人的)纪念碑。

be sacred from 免除，不受。

 hold sacred 尊重，保护。

★     fragment n.   碎片

the house lie in fragments 房屋已成破片。 reduce to fragments 弄碎。

★     remains n.   遗物，遗迹，废墟

1.     剩余，剩下；遗留，留下；活着(未死)。

This remained over from yesterday's dinner. 这是昨天晚饭吃剩的。

2.     逗留(在某处) (in; at; with)。

I remained three weeks in Paris. 我在巴黎逗留了三个星期。

3.搁着不动，搁置；尚待…；留待…；依然，仍然…；继续存在，现存。

She remains unmarried. 她仍然没有结婚。

I remain yours truly [sincerely, etc.] 你永远忠实的，谨上〔信尾客套话〕。

     ★classical adj. （希腊和罗马）古化的
classical music 古典音乐
classical education  人文科学教育
classic adj. 第一流的
This is the classic example of love at the first sight.
classic n. 杰作，经典之作

     ★reconstruct v.   修复            re-重新，再次
construct 构造，建造，组织
build house 造建造物
put up a tent
construct a sentence
construct a broken statuary
erect: build high buildings
erect monument 建造纪念碑 （raise a monument）
erect clock tower 建造钟楼
setup; establish; found 建立
setup students' union
establish a school/rule
found a country
construction n.
Constructive adj.   有教育意义的

constructive criticism 建设性的批评。 a constructive faculty 组织力，建设力。
constructor n.

★     rest v.   倚放，放置

些词可以表示仍旧的意思。

The mistakes rest uncorrected. 错误仍旧没有更正。

     ★hip n.   屁股，臀部
hip n. [口]在服用兴奋剂、宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士；adj.通晓的，见闻广的
Mary is a real hip.
The guy isn't a hip.
joined at the hip  表示交情极厚的
Eg.: These two are joined at the hip.
shoot from the hip 信口开河
Eg.: Sorry, I said that I shouldn't have shot from the hip.

     ★full-length  adj. （裙衣）拖地长的
a full-length dress 拽地长  

★graceful adj. 优雅的 gorgeous
a graceful lady
elegant(behavier)

     ★identity n.   身份

an identity card 身份证，居民证。

an identity disk [tag] (士兵的)证章。

systems suited to its national identity 符合自己民族特点的制度。

national identity 民族面貌。

the principle of identity 【逻辑学】同一律。

establish [prove] one's identity 证明身份。

mistaken [false] identity 认错人。

 no matter what their identity, they should obey the rule 无论什么人。 都要按规定办事

sink one's identity 隐瞒历史。

Read the text then answer the question below.

How did the archaeologists know that the statue was a goddess?

    Some time ago, and interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses -- often three storeys high -- were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.
    The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. It's missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.

参考译文

    不久之前，在爱琴海的基亚岛上，考古工作者有一项有趣的发现。一个美国考古队在阿伊亚.依里尼海角的一座古城里考察了一座庙宇。这座古城肯定一度很繁荣，因为它曾享有高度的文明，房子一般有3层楼高，用石块修建。里面房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽。城里甚至还敷设了排水系统，因为在狭窄的街道底下发现了许许多多陶土制作的排水管道。
    考古工作者考察的这座庙宇从公元前15世纪直到罗马时代一直是祭祀祈祷的场所。在庙中最神圣的一间殿堂里发现了15尊陶雕像的碎片。每一尊雕像代表一位女神，而且一度上过色。其中有一尊雕像，她的躯体是在公元前15世纪的历史文物中发现的，而她那身异处的脑袋却碰巧是在公元前5世纪的文物中找到的。她的脑袋一定是在古希腊罗马时代就为人所发现，并受到精心的保护。却使在当时，它也属历史悠久的珍奇之物。考古工作者把这些碎片重新拼装起来后，惊奇地发现那位女神原来是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。她身高3英尺，双手叉腰。身穿一条拖地长裙，尽管上了年纪，但体态确实优美。不过，考古工作者至今未能确定这位女神的身份。

【课文讲解】

an interesting discovery : 强调discovery,体现发现这个动作被考古学家做出
主动语态难以突出重点 archaeologists made an interesting discovery

英文表达：事件、结果、影响、效果为主语、强调对客观事实的陈述

An American team explored a temple which....
which引导定语从句，修饰限定temple
which stands in an ancient city on...
which = that; stand = lie,situate(vt.),locate(vt.)

An American team explored a temple which is located/situated in...
An American team explored a temple which lies in

stand 表示高高坐落于，矗立于
She stands 1.75m./A great tree stands on the mount.
The city at one time must have been prosperous,for it...
for 引导原因状语从句，对主句的附加说明和解释，提供更多的信息
because 引导原因状语从句，重点突出原因
Eg.:The day broke for the birds were singing.

at one time 表达曾经，一度；过去时态的标志，once
must have been 对过去事实肯定的推测

enjoyed a high level of civilization 享有高度文明

with...
a young man with broad shoulders/an old lady with balck hair

beautifully decorated 过去分词做定语
a beautifully dressed lady 衣着漂亮的女士/a deserted carpark
废弃的停车场    a white painted door 被刷成白色的门

现在分词做定语，被修饰词与修饰词之间为逻辑主动关系
a boy climbing the tree/the students reading in the room

The city was even equipped with...for ...were found
be equipped with 配备，装备
the car was equipped with air conditioning.

for 引导原因状语从句
beneath the narrow streets /under the narrow streets
prep. beneath=under 正下方
He is standing under/beneath the umbrella

under在进行中：under control 控制之中；under discussion讨论之中
under repairs修理之中
below 在下方，强调在斜下方
She is sitting below the window

The temple which....
be used as/be used to be把……用作为
The box was used as a desk in the small village school.
The wooden box was used as a bookcase
The wooden box is used to contain books

in the most sacred room of...
Each of these represented...been painted.

represent vt. 代表
I represent all the classmates.

The body of one statue was found...
dating 现在分词，修饰remains
the customs dating from 1990
The tradition dates from the time when his grandfather was young .
The castle dates from the 14th century.
The castle dates back to the 14th century.
Its missing head happened to be among remains of...
happen to 强调事情的偶然发生
I happen to have driven that kind of car.
He happened to find the ticket in his pocket.

句式：It happens that...
It happened that I met her on my way to work.
I happened to meet her on my way work.

happen on 巧遇，偶然
I happened on this old picture in the back of the drawer.
Guess,who I happened on while I was in London last month?

reconstruct: put together,piece together,restore
amazed;very much surprised
surprised;astonished;amazed;astounded感到惊讶，语气递增
astonished;much surprised;amazed; very much surprised 惊奇
astounded 非常惊讶、惊奇、惊愕

to find.../to discover.../to realize...
I'm not surprised to see you here

turn out 表示结果；prove
turn out(to be)+ n./adj.
The concert turned out to be a failure.
Our party turned out (to be)a suxxess.
It turned out that....
that 从句，或其他名词从句；it作形式主语
It turned out that the diamonds had been in the bank all the time.
It turned out that his statement was false.

as it turns out
Eg.: As it turned out,there was no need to worry.
Eg.: As it turned out,the report was mistaken.

She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.
rest on = depend on,lean on
His hand rested lightly on my shoulder
which swept the ground 近一步说明拖地的，拽地的

despite＝in spite of + n./动名词

It is still a problem for the archaeologists up to now.

so far,up to now 完成时的标志

discover her identity; find out her identity

【Special difficulties】

happen(to),it happened that...

【Multiple choice questions】
（1)...d...
'Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.'

 (2)...d...
this is comfirmed by the fact that 引导同位语从句，补充说明fact的内容   
be employed in :被应用在...方面

（3)...a...
in doing sth.:在...方面

(4)...
know:知道，认识；经历过，曾经有过（＝experience)
文学用语，比experience更加正式

（5)...b...
since：自从
主干的时态为现在完成时

（6)...c...
to one's surprise:使某人感到惊讶的是
（在句中可做独立的状语，句子的主语不必是某个人）
with surprise: 惊讶地
（首先，必须与行为动词连用，其次，句子的主语必须是某个人）

To my great disappointment the train had already left
With satisfaction/delight/dismay
He smoked his last cigarette with satisfaction.
He went home with dismay.
To our dismay the party proved to be a failure.

Structure
（7)...b...
despite = in spite of (可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配）

（8)...b...
so far——现在完成时的标志
如果用possible/impossible，要采用形势主语it
...it has been impossible for the archaeologists to discover her identity.

Vocabulary
(9)...a...
原文中用到sacred（宗教的，神圣的）
religious:宗教的
frightening:令人害怕的
colourful: 丰富多彩的

(10)...d...
state
well done 侧重强调做得好
conserve=keep from being wasted,damaged,lost,destroyed
         “不用尽或耗尽某物，保留”
conserve your energy you needed.
we must conserve our forest
maintain:通过修缮保养，不使...破损（强调动作的过程）“维修，保养”

（11)...b...
turn out=prove

(12)...
so far=>until now,up till now
befroehand :(a)事先＝in advance
at this distance (of/in time):时隔已久

I can hardly remember him at this distance of time</P< p>

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

相关文化知识补充

Aphrodite
by Micha F. Lindemans
In Greek mythology, Aphrodite is the goddess of love, beauty and sexual rapture. According to Hesiod, she was born when Uranus (the father of the gods) was castrated by his son Cronus. Cronus threw the severed genitals into the ocean which began to churn and foam about them. From the aphros ("sea foam") arose Aphrodite, and the sea carried her to either Cyprus or Cythera. Hence she is often referred to as Kypris and Cytherea. Homer calls her a daughter of Zeus and Dione.
After her birth, Zeus was afraid that the gods would fight over Aphrodite's hand in marriage so he married her off to the smith god Hephaestus, the steadiest of the gods. He could hardly believe his good luck and used all his skills to make the most lavish jewels for her. He made her a girdle of finely wrought gold and wove magic into the filigree work. That was not very wise of him, for when she wore her magic girdle no one could resist her, and she was all too irresistible already. She loved gaiety and glamour and was not at all pleased at being the wife of sooty, hard-working Hephaestus.

Aphrodite loved and was loved by many gods and mortals. Among her mortal lovers, the most famous was perhaps Adonis. Some of her sons are Eros, Anteros, Hymenaios and Aeneas (with her Trojan lover Anchises). She is accompanied by the Graces.

Her festival is the Aphrodisiac which was celebrated in various centers of Greece and especially in Athens and Corinth. Her priestesses were not prostitutes but women who represented the goddess and sexual intercourse with them was considered just one of the methods of worship. Aphrodite was originally an old-Asian goddess, similar to the Mesopotamian Ishtar and the Syro-Palestinian goddess Ashtart. Her attributes are a.o. the dolphin, the dove, the swan, the pomegranate and the lime tree.

In Roman mythology Venus is the goddess of love and beauty and Cupid is love's messenger.