Mybluesky

1. Cry， weep， wail， whimper， sob， moan，blubber

These verbs mean to make inarticulate sounds of grief, unhappiness, or pain. 这些动词的意思都指发出表示悲伤、不高兴或痛苦的口齿不清的声音。

Cry and weep both involve the shedding of tears; cry is audible and accompany with tears, weep refers to the silent shedding of tears.

The baby cried loudly when he emptied his bottle.

She didn’t weep over the death of her son who died a heroic death but devoted herself to the noble work that her son had been doing.

Wail  refers primarily to sustained, inarticulate mournful sound主要指的是持续的、口齿不清的哀悼声,长时间、的不间断的哭。同时用来描写凄惨的悲伤的哀号，如鸟的哀鸣，风的悲号。

The wind wailed through the trees. 风穿过树林发出似嚎叫的声音。

Sob  describes weeping or a mixture of broken speech and weeping marked by convulsive breathing or gasping描述的是哭泣或者以强烈的呼吸声或喘气声为特征的断断续续的讲话和哭泣声的混合：

Sobbing and crying, as if her heart would break.

啜泣着并叫喊着，她的心好像马上就会破碎似的。

She sobbed out her grievances(冤屈).

Whimper  refers to low, plaintive broken or repressed cries, as those made by a child指的是低声的、伤心的、断断续续的或受压抑的哭泣，如小孩发出的哭声：

The little dog whimpered when I tried to bath it.我给小狗洗澡时，它低声悲嗥。

The condemned prisoner cowered and began to whimper for clemency. 那个被判罪的囚犯抖缩着并开始抽泣请求宽恕。

Moan suggests the expression of sorrow or pain in a low, prolonged, mournful sound or sounds; moan 则指因悲伤或痛苦而低声地、拖长声调地哀叹。

She moaned her misfortunes to anyone who would listen.

A saxophone moaned in the background.

Blubber  refers to noisy, unrestrained shedding of tears accompanied by broken or inarticulate speech指的是嘈杂地、无拘束地流眼泪并伴有断断续续的或口齿不清的讲话声：

He blubbered like a child who had been spanked.

他像一个被打屁股的小孩一样放声大哭起来。

2. Frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria

Mania（颠狂/狂躁） in its basic sense describes the phase of manic depressive that is distinguished from depression; mania本指狂郁精神病所表现出的症状，具体表现为喜怒无常，时哭时笑，行为不能自制；

Delirium(暂时的精神错乱/狂乱；精神极度兴奋) denotes a temporary state of extreme mental disturbance (marked by restlessness（不安）, incoherence（不连贯/语无伦次）, and hallucinations(幻觉/幻想) that occurs during fevers, in alcoholic psychosis（精神), etc; delirium指暂时性精神极端错乱(如酒醉发烧时)，具体表现为烦躁不安、语无伦次和产生幻觉；

Frenzy（狂暴/狂怒）, not used technically in psychiatry（精神病学）, implies extreme emotional agitation（激动，兴奋） which self control is lost; frenzy是非医学用语，指狂暴不能自制。

Hysteria（歇斯底里） is applied in psychiatry to certain psychogenic(心理性的/精神性的) disorders characterized by excitability(兴奋), anxiety, sensory(感官的) and motor disturbances, and the involuntary(无意/不知不觉的) simulation(假装) of blindness, deaf-ness, etc. Hysteria在精神病学上指心因性紊乱，表现为容易激动、焦躁不安、感官和运动功能紊乱以及不自觉地模拟眼瞎、 耳聋等。In extended use mania suggests a craze for something [a mania for drinking]. Delirium, rapturous(欢天喜地的) excitement [a delirium of joy] and hysteria, an outburst of wild, uncontrolled feeling [she laughed and cried in her hysteria].

用于引申义时，mania指对于某事的爱好达到狂热的程度，成为癖好，如He has a mania for jogging(嗜酒)/ She has a mania for (driving) fast cars. (她有开快车的癖好)；delirium 指极度兴奋，如a delirium of joy(狂喜)；hysteria指强烈的、不可控制的感情爆发，如：She laughed and cried in her hysteria．(她又是笑又是哭，感情难以控制。); frenzy指狂乱，狂暴：a frenzy of enthusiasm狂热/In a frenzy of hate he killed his enemy and revenged his father."在恨之入骨的冲动下,他把仇人杀了,为他父亲报了仇。"

3. Glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkle

(闪耀) glisten: To shine from or as if from a wet surface.

His hair glistened with oil. The wet road glistened.

(闪耀) glitter: To shine brightly with flashing points of light.

All that glitters is not gold.

(闪光) flash: To give out a sudden and monetary bright ray of light/ to shine suddenly for a moment.

A bolt of lightning flashed across the horizon.

Shimmer: To shine with a soft, tremulous light.

The lake is shimmering in the moonlight.

(发火花) sparkle: To shine in small flashes. It suggests uneven, bright flashes reflected from light-catching objects.

We can see a diamond sparkling in the sunlight.

Flash指突发的、短暂而耀眼的闪光；gleam指黑暗中闪现出的一束稳定的光线；sparkle指星星点点的闪光；glitter 指由物体反射出的星星点点的闪光；glisten指外部亮光反 射于沾水的平面上而显出的光亮；shimmer指由微波荡漾的水面反照出的柔和的闪光。