大家都知道，“stakeholder”在项目管理里，是项目干系人或“项目利益相关者”的含义，下文就讲一讲它的英文解释。

1. Google Dictionary中的解释

stakeholder

/ˈsteɪkhəʊldə(r)/ DJ /-hoʊ-/ DJ US /'stekˈholdɚ/ KK US

noun

1). a person or company that is involved in a particular organization, project, system, etc., especially because they have invested money in it（某组织、工程、体系等的）参与人，参与方；有权益关系者

e.g. The government has said it wants to create a stakeholder economy in which all members of society feel that they have an interest in its success. 政府表示希望建立一种人人参与的经济模式，让社会全体成员觉得其繁荣将给每个人带来利益。

2). a person who holds all the bets placed on a game or race and who pays the money to the winner 赌金保管人

2. WiKi的解释

Stakeholder may refer to:

l         Stakeholder (corporate), a person, group, organization, or system who affects or can be affected by an organization's actions

e.g. Project stakeholder, a person, group or organization with an interest in a project.

e.g. Stakeholder theory, a theory that identifies and models the groups which are stakeholders of a corporation or project

e.g. Stakeholder analysis, the process of identifying those affected by a project or event

l         Stakeholder (law), a third party who temporarily holds money or property while its owner is still being determined

3. 在Google Dictionary中刨根问底

stake

/steɪk/ DJ /stek/ KK

noun

1). a wooden or metal post that is pointed at one end and pushed into the ground in order to support something, mark a particular place, etc.桩；标桩；篱笆桩 countable

2). something that you risk losing, especially money, when you try to predict the result of a race, game, etc., or when you are involved in an activity that can succeed or fail赌注 countable usually plural

e.g.  They were playing cards for high stakes(= a lot of money). 他们当时正在打扑克，赌注很高。

3). a wooden post that somebody could be tied to in former times before being burnt to death(= killed by fire)as a punishment火刑柱 singular

e.g. Joan of Arc was burnt at the stake. 圣女贞德被处以火刑。

Alternate: the stake

4). money that somebody invests in a company股本；股份 countable

e.g.  a 20% stake in the business 那家公司 20% 的股份

5). an important part or share in a business, plan, etc. that is important to you and that you want to be successful（在公司、计划等中的）重大利益，重大利害关系 singular ~ in sth

e.g.  She has a personal stake in the success of the play. 这出戏成功与否对她个人有重大利害关系。

e.g. Many young people no longer feel they have a stake in society. 很多年轻人不再觉得他们与社会休戚相关。

6). the money that is paid to the winners in horse racing赛马奖金 plural

e.g.  Alternate: stakes

7). Idiom: at stake

e.g. that can be won or lost, depending on the success of a particular action成败难料；得失都可能；有风险

e.g. We cannot afford to take risks when peoples' lives are at stake. 现在人们性命交关，不容我们有闪失。

e.g. The prize at stake is a place in the final. 这次如果获胜，便能进入决赛。

8). Idiom: go to the stake over/for something

e.g. to be prepared to do anything in order to defend your opinions or beliefs为坚持自己的观点（或信仰）甘冒一切危险；为维护自己的观点（或信仰）不惜赴汤蹈火

9). Idiom: in the… stakes

e.g. used to say how much of a particular quality a person has, as if they were in a competition in which some people are more successful than others（评论一个人的某种品质高或低）要是比…的话，论…

e.g. John doesn't do too well in the personality stakes. 论人格魅力，约翰很一般。

verb

1). to risk money or something important on the result of something（就某事）以…打赌，拿…冒险 ~ sth (on sth) VN

e.g. He staked £25 on the favourite(= for example, in horse racing). 他在那匹众人看好的马上押了 25 英镑。

e.g.  She staked her political career on tax reform, and lost. 她把自己的政治前程押在税制改革上，结果赌输了。

e.g. That's him over there─I'd stake my life on it(= I am completely confident). 就是那边那个人 我敢拿脑袋打赌。

2). to support something with a stake用桩支撑 ~ sth (up) VN

e.g.  to stake newly planted trees 用木桩支撑新植的树

3). Idiom: stake (out) a/your claim (to/for/on something)

e.g.  to say or show publicly that you think something should be yours公开宣布自己（对某物）的所有权；向公众表示某物应属于自己

e.g. Adams staked his claim for a place in the Olympic team with his easy win yesterday. 亚当斯昨天轻松获胜，这无异于告诉人们奥运代表队中应有他的位置。

4). Phrasal: stake something↔out

e.g.  to clearly mark the limits of something that you claim is yours清楚地界定自认为属于自己的东西

e.g. to state your opinion, position, etc. on something very clearly明确阐述自己的看法（或立场等）

e.g. The President staked out his position on the issue. 总统明确阐述了他在这个问题上的立场。

e.g. to watch a place secretly, especially for signs of illegal activity监视

e.g. Detectives had been staking out the house for several weeks. 侦探们已对这所房子监视了几个星期。