DESIGN BASIS 设计依据  ROOFING & CEILING 屋面及天棚   WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板) 

FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟  DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE) 门、玻璃、窗及五金件

STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯 

【BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语 

【 Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】             【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】

【Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土】

【Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料】

【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】

【Timber 木材】                          【Metallic Materials 金属材料】

【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】           【Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料】

【Building Hardware 建筑五金】                  【Paint 油漆】

Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】     【Timber 木材】

【Metallic Materials 金属材料】                 【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】

【Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料】         【Building Hardware 建筑五金】

【Paint 油漆】                                  【Drafting  制图】 

计划建议书 planning proposals                   设计任务书 design order

标准规范standards and codes                     条件图 information drawing

设计基础资料 basic data for design              工艺流程图 process flowchart

工程地质资料 engineering geological data        原始资料 original data

设计进度 schedule of design 

b. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段 

方案 scheme, draft                              草图 sketch

会谈纪要summary of discussion/MOM (minutes of meeting)   谈判 negotiation

可行性研究 feasibility study                    初步设计 preliminary design

基础设计 basic design                           详细设计 detail design

询价图 enquiry drawing                          施工图 working drawing, construction drawing

竣工图 as-built drawing 

CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 

日照 sunshine                                   风玫瑰 wind rose

主导风向 prevailing wind direction              最大(平均)风速 maximum (mean) wind velocity  

年降雨量 annual rainfall                        湿球温度 wet bulb temperature 
 干球温度 dry bulb temperature                  冰冻线 frost line      冰冻区 frost zone

采暖地区 region with heating provision          绝对大气压 absolute atmospheric pressure

相对湿度 relative humidity

d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称 

办公室 office                    服务用房 service room            换班室 shift room

休息室 rest room (break room)    起居室 living room                浴室 bathroom

淋浴间 shower                    更衣室 locker room                厕所 lavatory

门厅 lobby                       诊室 clinic                      工作间 workshop

电气开关室 switchroom            走廊 corridor                    档案室 archive

电梯机房 lift motor room         车库 garage                      清洁间 cleaning room

会议室(正式) conference room     会议室 meeting room              暖风间 H.V.A.C room

饭店 restaurant                  餐厅 canteen, dining room        厨房 kitchen

入口 entrance                    接待处 reception area            会计室 accountant room

秘书室 secretary room            电气室 electrical room           控制室 control room

工长室 foreman office            开关柜室 switch gear             前室 antecabinet (Ante.)

生产区 production area           马达控制中心 Mcc                 多功能用房 utility room

化验室 laboratory room           披屋(阁楼) penthouse            警卫室 guard house 

e. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚 

女儿墙 parapet                   雨蓬 canopy                      屋脊 roof ridge

坡度 slope                       坡跨比 pitch                     分水线 water-shed

二毡三油 2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic

附加油毡一层 extra ply of felt

檐口 eave                        挑檐 overhanging eave            檐沟 eave gutter

平屋面 flat roof                 坡屋面 pitched roof

雨水管 downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P)                         汇水面积 catchment area

泛水 flashing                    内排水 interior drainage         外排水 exterior drainage

滴水 drip                        屋面排水 roof drainage           找平层 leveling course

卷材屋面 built-up roofing        天棚 ceiling                     檩条 purlin

屋面板 roofing board             天花板 ceiling board             防水层 water-proof course

检查孔 inspection hole           人孔 manhole            吊顶 suspended ceiling, false ceiling

檐板(窗帘盒) cornice 

f. WALL (CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板) 

砖墙 brick wall                  砌块墙 block wall      清水砖墙 brick wall without plastering

抹灰墙 rendered wall             石膏板墙 gypsum board, plaster board

空心砖墙 hollow brick wall       承重墙 bearing wall           非承重墙 non-bearing wall

纵墙 longitudinal wall           横墙 transverse wall          外墙 external (exterior) wall

内墙 internal (interior) wall    填充墙 filler wall            防火墙 fire wall

窗间墙 wall between window       空心墙 cavity wall            压顶 coping

圈梁 gird, girt, girth           玻璃隔断 glazed wall        防潮层 damp-proof course (D.P.C)

遮阳板 sunshade                  阳台 balcony                  伸缩缝 expansion joint

沉降缝 settlement joint          抗震缝 seismic joint          复合夹心板 sandwich board

压型单板 corrugated single steel plate                         外墙板 cladding panel

复合板 composite panel           轻质隔断 light-weight partition

牛腿 bracket                     砖烟囱 brick chimney          勒脚(基座) plinth

g. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟  

地坪 grade                       地面和楼面 ground and floor    素土夯实 rammed earth

炉渣夯实 tamped cinder           填土 filled earth              回填土夯实 tamped backfill

垫层 bedding course, blinding    面层 covering, finish        结合层 bonding (binding) course

找平层 leveling course           素水泥浆结合层 neat cement binding course

混凝土地面 concrete floor        水泥地面 cement floor

机器磨平混凝土地面 machine trowelled concrete floor

水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring     马赛克地面 mosaic flooring     瓷砖地面 ceramic tile flooring

油地毡地面 linoleum flooring     预制水磨石地面 precast terrazzo flooring

硬木花地面 hard-wood parquet flooring                           搁栅 joist

硬木毛地面 hard-wood rough flooring     企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring

防酸地面 acid-resistant floor

钢筋混凝土楼板 reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab)

乙烯基地面 vinyl flooring               水磨石嵌条 divider strip for terrazzo

地面做2％坡 floor with 2% slope                                 集水沟 gully

集水口 gulley                     排水沟 drainage trench         沟盖板 trench cover

活动盖板 removable cover plate    集水坑 sump pit                孔翻边 hole up stand

电缆沟 cable trench 

h. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件 

木 (钢)门 wooden (steel) door    镶板门 panelled door            夹板门 plywood door

铝合金门 aluminum alloy door     卷帘门 roller shutter door      弹簧门 swing door

推拉门 sliding door              平开门 side-hung door           折叠门 folding door

旋转门 revolving door            玻璃门 glazed door              密闭门 air-Tight door

防火门 fire door                (大门上的)小门 wicket            门框 door frame

门扇 door leaf                  结构开洞 structural opening      单扇门 single door

双扇门 double door              疏散门 emergency door            门过梁 door lintel

上冒头 top rail                 下冒头 bottom rail               槽口 notch

木窗 wooden window              钢窗 steel window

铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window   塑钢窗 plastic steel window    固定窗 fixed window

推拉窗 sliding window           天窗 skylight                  老虎窗 dormer window

密封双层玻璃 sealed double glazing                 钢筋混凝土过梁 reinforced concrete lintel

钢筋砖过梁 reinforced brick lintel                 窗台 window sill

转轴 pivot                    门锁 door lock                    拉手 pull

链条 chain                    电动开关器 electric opener   平板玻璃 plate glass         

夹丝玻璃 wire glass           透明玻璃 clear glass

毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)

防弹玻璃 bullet-proof glass   着色玻璃 pigmented glass       玻璃砖 glass block

有机玻璃 organic glass　

I. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯 

楼梯 stair                    楼梯间 staircase               疏散梯 emergency stair

旋转梯 spiral stair (circular stair)                         吊车梯 crane ladder

直爬梯 vertical ladder        踏步 step                      扇形踏步 winder (wheel step)

踏步板 tread                  档步板 riser                   踏步宽度 tread width

防滑条 non-slip insert (strips)                              栏杆 railing (balustrade)

扶手 handrail                梯段高度 height of flight

平台 landing (platform)      操作平台 operating platform     楼梯平台 stair landing

客梯 passenger lift          货梯 goods lift                 客/货两用梯 goods/passenger lift

液压电梯 hydraulic lift      自动扶梯 escalator              观光电梯 observation elevator

电梯机房 lift mortar room    电梯坑 lift pit                 电梯井道 lift shaft 

j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语

砖和瓦 Bricks and Tiles     红砖 red brick                   粘土砖 clay brick

瓷砖 glazed brick (ceramic tile)                             防火砖 fire brick

空心砖 hollow brick         面砖 facing brick                地板砖 flooring tile

缸砖 clinkery brick         马赛克 mosaic                    陶粒混凝土 ceramsite concrete

琉璃瓦 glazed tile          脊瓦 ridge tile                  石棉瓦 asbestos tile (shingle)

Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石

石膏 gypsum                大理石 marble                     汉白玉 white marble

花岗岩 granite             碎石 crushed stone                毛石 rubble

水磨石 terrazzo            卵石 cobble                       砾石 gravel

细砂 fine sand            

Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土

波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥) Portland cement                  硅酸盐水泥 silicate cement

火山灰水泥 pozzolana cement                                 白水泥 white cement

水泥砂浆 cement mortar                                      石灰砂浆 lime mortar

水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar                   沥青砂浆 bituminous mortar

纸筋灰 paper strip mixed lime mortar                        麻刀灰 hemp cut lime mortar

灰缝 mortar joint                                           素混凝土 plain concrete

钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete                              沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete

Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料              刷浆 lime wash

 

Asphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉

沥青卷材 asphalt felt                                       沥青麻丝 bitumastic oakum

石棉板 asbestos sheet             Timber 木材               裂缝 crack

透裂 split                        环裂 shake                干缩 shrinkage

原木 log                          圆木 round timber         方木 square timber

板材 plank                        木条 batten               木板 board

云杉 spruce                       柏木 cypress              白杨 white poplar

桦木 birch                        冷杉 fir                  榆木 elm

柚木 teak                         樟木 camphor wood

企口板 tongued and grooved board  纤维板 fiber-board        竹子 bamboo

Metallic Materials 金属材料

圆钢 steelbBar                    方钢 square steel         扁钢 steel strap,flat steel

型钢 steel section (shape)        槽钢 channel              角钢 angle steel

工字钢 I-beam                     丁( 之)字钢 T-bar (Z-bar)

冷弯薄壁型钢 light gauge cold-formed steel shape

热轧 hot-rolled                   冷轧 cold-rolled           冷拉 cold-drawn

冷压 cold-pressed                 钛合金 titanium alloy      不锈钢 stainless steel

竹节钢筋 corrugated steel bar     变形钢筋 deformed bar      钢板 steel plate

薄钢板 thin steel plate           冷弯 cold bending          钢管 steel pipe (tube)

无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe      焊接钢管 welded steel pipe

钢丝网 steel wire mesh            Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属  金 gold

白金 platinum                    铜 copper                   黄铜 brass