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Language points in Unit 7

(2007-11-28 18:11:56)
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知识/探索

分类: 高一英语新教材(上)词组总汇
 

Language points in Unit 7

1.       capsule; tablet; pill

capsule(药的)胶囊;太空舱;tablet药片;pill 药丸;powder 药粉;ointment软膏

2.       represent vt.代表;表现

eg, The statue represents peasants praying to God. (图画等)表现――,描述

   A dove represents peace.象征,意味着,相当于

   He represents our school.

   The country was represented at the conference by the foreign Minister.代表,做――的代理;做代表(某地区等)的国会议员(通常用被动语态)

   He represented himself as /to be a friend of the President.(文语)把――叙述为,主张,声称 represent+n. +as/to be +n./adj.

   The actor was too old to represent Romeo.(文语)扮演

3.       include/contain

include是指包含内容的一部分,contain是指包含整个内容而言

include+n.+in/on/among+n.

eg, I include a watch on the list of souvenirs to buy.

   He includes me among his friends.

   I am included in the team.

include/included/including

include vt.

included adj. 包含的,包括在内的(置于名词后)

Eg, postage included

   Six people, three women included, died in the battle.

including prep. ---excluding

Eg, I have to prepare food for seven people including me.

   Six people, including three women, died in the battle.

4.       Where there is a river, there is a city.

这里由where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件的含义。

Where there is a will, there is a way.

5.       It is true that---

It is +adj. that clause

Eg, It is important that we should learn a foreign language well.

6.       be proud of/ take pride in

7.       fairy tale 神话,童话;不实之词,谎言

fairy n 仙子,精灵;(当形容词用)仙人般的,优美的

eg, a fairy lady仙女般的美女

   fairy light(装饰用的)彩色小灯

8.       under attack遭到袭击,遭受责难

eg, His article came under attack.

9.       give in/give up

give in 屈服,让步;提出,呈交

eg, The mother gave in and bought a toy for her child.

   He has given in my view.

   Give in your examination papers when you have finished.

give up 放弃

eg, The police gave up searching for the missing child.

   The doctors gave her father up two years ago, but he is still alive.

   He gave up his position as a manager.

10.   in ruins=in a severely damaged or decayed condition

eg, An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.

   His career is/lies in ruins.

11.   in pieces

12.   do everything we can to save our city=do what we can do to save our city

eg, The doctors did everything they could to save the boy’s life.

13.   bring ---back to life使――又复活(苏醒)

come to life复活,复苏

to the life 逼真,栩栩如生

eg, He painted Kate to the life.

   After days of hard work, the cultural relic has been brought back to life.

14.   with the help of ---

15.   be able to/can

be able to=manage to do/succeed in doing

can 具备某种做事情的能力

16.   put back把――放回原处

17.   look out over面朝着,朝向;俯瞰;外面是

18.   come true

19.   Strong, proud and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia.

 

 一、课文背景知识

圣彼得堡 (St. Petersburg) 简介

 

    又名列宁格勒(LENINGRAD),位于俄罗斯(全称:俄罗斯联邦THE RUSSIAN FEDERAT1ON,简称:RUSSIA)西北沿海涅瓦(NEVA)河口南岸,在芬兰(FINLAND)湾东端的涅瓦湾(NEVABAY)内,濒临波罗的海(BALTIC)的东北侧,是俄罗斯西部的最大商港和第二大城市。始建于1703年,是帝俄时代的通海门户。17121918年曾为帝俄和苏联的首都,现为俄罗斯的工业、科学及文化中心之一。市区岛屿成群,桥梁密布,故有“北方威尼斯”之称,既是全俄罗斯重要的水陆交通枢纽之一,又是俄罗斯重要的国际航空站。工业以船舰、动力、机械为主。其它还有化学、纺织、印刷、精密仪表及食品工业等。该港素有俄罗斯科学文化城之誉,有众多的科学文化机构、高等院校及博物馆等,世界著名科学家罗蒙诺索夫、波波夫、门捷列夫以及文学家普希金、果戈里等均在这里生活和工作过。

中国文化遗迹名城绍兴: A City Rich in Cultural Relics

    Shaoxing has cultural relics of all ages at 3,600 locations and has 35,000 pieces of cultural relics collected by the state. There are 192 protection units of cultural relics in Shaoxing, of which 4 are key protection units at national level, 46 at provincial level. The Mausoleum of Yu the Great, the platform of king of the Yue state, the Orchid pavilion, the Shen Family Garden, the Green Vine Study, the former residence of Lu Xun, the ancestral residence of Zhou Enlai, the former residence of Cai Yuanpei are examples well known both at home and abroad. The profound accumulation in culture makes Shaoxing worthy of the name a museum without walls.

二、课文疑难详解

1 Work in pairs to prepare aChinese Culture Capsule.分组制一个“中国文化盒”。

[问]in pairs是什么意思?

[答]in pairs意为“成对地,成双地”,例如:

The Children came in in pairs.孩子们两个两个地走进来。

2 but it is true that many of the worlds greatest cities have been built on the banks of a river.但事实确实如此:世界上很多大城市都建在河边。

[问]请问it在句中是什么用法?

[答]这是一个主语从句,it”在这个句中只是形式上的主语,真正的主语是that 引导的从句,为了使整个句子保持平衡,避免头重脚轻,我们需要用it 作形式主语,而将that 引导的从句作主语放在句末,由于主语大多由名词充当,因而主语从句也是名词性从句的一种,其结构为:It + is + adj. + that从句

例如:It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.众所周知,光线直线运行。

名题解析:_____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.95年高考题 )

A. There B. This C. That D. It 

答案:DThat引导的定语从句是真正的主语,而要填的是形式上的主语。形式主语或形式宾语只能由It充当。

3 The Neva River flows through the centre of St. Petersburg in Russia.俄国的涅瓦河就流经圣彼得堡的中心。

[问]这句中throughacross有什么区别?

[答]该句中谓语动词短语flow through指“流过,从城中穿过”。 flow vi. ( 河水等 )流动;流; (头发,衣服等)飘垂;飘拂

例如:The river flows into the sea.   这条河流流入大海。/Her hair flowed down over her shoulders.   她的头发长垂及肩。

through prep. (指空间)穿过;通过;透过;经由

例如:Light comes in through the window.光线从窗户进来。

词语辨析:across 横过,穿过;着重指从一条线或物体表面的一边到另一边;含义与on 有关:

across the street 横过马路(从马路一边到另一边)

through 穿过,从……通过;着重指从空间的一头穿到另一头;

含义与in 有关

through the tunnel 穿过隧道(从隧道中间通过)

名题精选:He swam _____ the river.

A. across    B. through    C. on    D. under

答案:A 。这里指从河的一边到另一边,故选A

 

4More than three hundred years ago, the Russian Czar Peter the Great came here and built a new capital —— St Petersburg.三百多年前,俄国沙皇彼得大帝来到这里建起了一座新首都——圣彼得堡。

[问]more than的意思是什么?

[答]More than = over——多,超过

例如:more than two weeks 两周多的时间

相关链接:no more 不再/no more than 不过,仅仅

  例: no more than five     只有五个/not more than  至多,不超过

  例: not more than five  至多五个

名题精选:In that case, there is nothing you can do _____ than wait.2001年全国高考题)

A.  more    B. other    C.  better    D.   any      

答案:B.否定句后的“ other than ”表示“除了”(  exceptapart from.《朗文》原句为:There is nothing we could do other than wait. 除了等待以外, 我们没有其他办法。又如:除了坐船, 你无法去那里 。 You cant get there other than by boat.


5The palaces were large and beautiful; and they often looked like something out of a fairytale.这些宫殿既大又美丽;和神话描述的一样 。

[问]请讲讲look的用法?

[答]Look like: look (link-v )+介词短语, 作表语。

例如:He looks like his father.

相关链接:与look 有关的短语:          look about 环顾四周         look after  照顾,照料 ,注意,关心。

例如: look after a patient

          look around = look round  环顾四周

look up  抬头看,(在书中)查寻。例如:Look the word up in the dictionary.

look into 调查 , 向里看 。例如: look into a matter

名题精选:
1.___ this book and tell me what you think of it.
1990年全国高考题)

  A. Look through B. Look on C. Look into D. Look up 

答案:ALook through浏览, 细看 ; look on 旁观;  look into调查;  look up 查寻

2._____! There is a train coming.1990年全国高考题)

   A. Look out B. Look around C. Look forward D. Look on   

答案:Alook out 当心, 注意;look around 环顾四周;  look forward to sth  盼望,期盼 look on旁观

3.I agree with most of what you said, but I didn't agree with _____.

A everything B  anything C something D nothing

答案:A。从前文“你说的绝大部分我都同意。” 可推知后半句应为“但这不意味着每一个细节我都赞同。”这是部分否定,只有总括词everythingnot 连用才是部分否定。B 是完全否定,D是双否定 都不合题意。 而something不能用于否定句。 当年仅仅有34%的考生答对。

 

6 The Russian Czars ended their rule in this city during the Russian Revolution of 1917, but palaces where they had lived were kept as museums.1917年的俄国革命使俄国沙皇结束了他们在这个城市的统治,他们所生活过的皇宫却当作博物馆保留下来。

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